南方根结线虫不同接种密度对灯盏花抗氧化系统的影响
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摘要
通过室内接种方法,测定了南方根结线虫2龄幼虫在不同接种时间(25、35d)和不同接种密度(0、500、700、1 000、1 200、1 500头/株)下对灯盏花生长和根系及叶片丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶活性(POD)及过氧化氢酶活性(CAT)的影响。研究结果表明,南方根结线虫接种密度为1 000头/株时,接种后25d与35d的根结指数达到最大,分别为87.2及65.6;接种密度500头/株,对根结指数影响较大。接种后25d,接种量对灯盏花病根与病叶的过氧化物酶活性影响不大;接种后35d,灯盏花病根的过氧化物酶活性(POD)随接种密度的增加先降低后升高,病叶中的POD活性除了接种密度为1 000头/株时低于健康叶部外,其他均高于健康组;接种密度对灯盏花的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性影响较大,在1 000头/株时,病根和病叶中的过氧化氢酶活性都明显高于对照。接种密度对于灯盏花叶片的丙二醛(MDA)含量影响不大,当密度为1 000头/株接种35d对根部丙二醛的影响最大,其含量明显高于对照;接种密度对于灯盏花病叶和病根中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性影响较大,病叶中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)普遍高于健康组,而病根中的SOD活性普遍低于健康组。综合研究结果,当南方根结线虫接种密度为500头/株时,对灯盏花有一定危害,随着接种密度的增加,危害逐渐加重,当接种密度为1 000头/株时,根结指数最大,几种酶活性都显著高于健康植株,接种密度大于1 000头/株时,酶活性逐渐下降。接种初期,南方根结线虫对灯盏花叶部危害较大,随着种植时间的推移,对根部危害逐渐加重。
The growth and development of Erigeron breviscapus were studied in different time points(25/35 d)and different inoculation densities(0,500,700,1 000,1 200,1 500 individual/plant)and malonaldehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD)and catalase(CAT)activities in roots and leaves were studied.The results showed that the root knot indexes reached the maximum which were 87.2 and 65.6 at 25 and 35 dpost-inoculation,respectively,when the inoculation density was 1 000 individual/plant,and the root knot index was influenced when the inoculation density was 500 individual/plant.Inoculation amount had no effect on POD activity of E.breviscapus at25 d,which decreased first and then increased at 35 d after inoculation,and the POD activity was generally higher in the diseased leaves than that in the healthy group except at the inoculation density of 1 000 individual/plant.The inoculation density had a great effect on CAT activity in E.breviscapus.The CAT activity in roots and diseased leaves was sig-nificantly higher than that in the control at 1 000 individual/plant.The inoculation density had little effect on the content of MDA in the leaves.When the density was 1 000 individual/plant for 35 days,the effect on MDA content in roots was the highest,which was significantly higher than that of the control.Inoculation density had stronger effects on the SOD activity in the diseased leaves than in the root;the SOD activity was generally higher in the diseased leaves than that in healthy group,and the SOD activity in the diseased roots was generally lower than that in the healthy group.The results showed that the root knot index was the highest when the inoculation density was 1000 individual/plant.When the inoculation density was greater than 1 000 individual/plant,the enzyme activity decreased gradually.In the early stage of inoculation,the root-knot nematodes were more harmful to the leaves of the light bulb,and the root hazard gradually increased with the planting time.
The growth and development of Erigeron breviscapus were studied in different time points(25/35 d)and different inoculation densities(0,500,700,1 000,1 200,1 500 individual/plant)and malonaldehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD)and catalase(CAT)activities in roots and leaves were studied.The results showed that the root knot indexes reached the maximum which were 87.2 and 65.6 at 25 and 35 dpost-inoculation,respectively,when the inoculation density was 1 000 individual/plant,and the root knot index was influenced when the inoculation density was 500 individual/plant.Inoculation amount had no effect on POD activity of E.breviscapus at25 d,which decreased first and then increased at 35 d after inoculation,and the POD activity was generally higher in the diseased leaves than that in the healthy group except at the inoculation density of 1 000 individual/plant.The inoculation density had a great effect on CAT activity in E.breviscapus.The CAT activity in roots and diseased leaves was sig-nificantly higher than that in the control at 1 000 individual/plant.The inoculation density had little effect on the content of MDA in the leaves.When the density was 1 000 individual/plant for 35 days,the effect on MDA content in roots was the highest,which was significantly higher than that of the control.Inoculation density had stronger effects on the SOD activity in the diseased leaves than in the root;the SOD activity was generally higher in the diseased leaves than that in healthy group,and the SOD activity in the diseased roots was generally lower than that in the healthy group.The results showed that the root knot index was the highest when the inoculation density was 1000 individual/plant.When the inoculation density was greater than 1 000 individual/plant,the enzyme activity decreased gradually.In the early stage of inoculation,the root-knot nematodes were more harmful to the leaves of the light bulb,and the root hazard gradually increased with the planting time.
引文
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[14]黄娟华,卓侃,林柏荣,等.温度和初始种群密度对象耳豆根结线虫侵染番茄的影响[J].植物保护,2013,39(5):177-180.
[15]张锋,李英梅,洪波,等.温度和初始接种量对南方根结线虫侵染力的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(12):1631-1635.
[16]MISHRA N P,MISHRA R K,SINGHAL G S.Changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes during exposure of intact wheat leaves to strong visible light at different temperature in the presence of protein synthesis inhibitors[J].Plant Physiology,1993,102(3):903-908.
[17]HOU E,STARR J L.A comparison of the damage functions,root galling,and reproduction of Meloidogyne inconita on resistant and susceptible cotton cultivars[J].Journal of Cotton Science,2003,7(4):224-230.
[18]叶德友,钱春桃,贾媛媛,等.黄瓜及其近缘种对南方根结线虫的抗性及酶响应变化的研究[J].园艺学报,2009,36(12):1755-1760.
[19]王冰林,韩太利,李媛媛.根结线虫侵染对茄子苗期生理生化反应的影响[J].北方园艺,2012(23):139-142.
[20]张丹丹.油菜素内酯提高黄瓜对根结线虫抗性的机制研究及田间效应[D].杭州:浙江大学,2012.
[21]李青青,漆永红,曹素芳,等.南方根结线虫侵染对豇豆叶部和根系部分生理生化指标的影响[J].西北农业学报,2014,23(2):49-54.
[2]李莎,李继红.云药崛起彩云之南[EB/OL].(2014-04-25)http:∥finance.China.com.cn/roll/20140425/2363790.shtml.
[3]赖宝春,胡先奇,罗文富.云南灯盏花根腐病的2种新病原鉴定及防治药剂的室内筛选[J].植物保护,2014,40(2):141-145.
[4]林丽飞,胡先奇,江楠.短葶飞蓬锈病的初步研究[J].华中农业大学学报,2004,23(5):513-514.
[5]林丽飞,刘春国,胡先奇,等.云南省灯盏花黄萎病病原初步研究[J].植物保护,2007,33(4):89-91.
[6]林丽飞,胡先奇,刘春国,等.云南省灯盏花根际土壤寄生线虫的种类鉴定[J].植物保护,2008,34(3):69-73.
[7]胡先奇,鲁菊芬,林丽飞,等.云南发现灯盏花根结线虫病[J].云南农业大学学报,2003,18(3):317-319.
[8]SEINHORST J W.The relation between nematode density and damage to plants[J].Nematology,1965,11:137-154.
[9]鄢小宁,林茂松,刘亮山.南方根结线虫拮抗链霉菌的筛选和鉴定[J].中国生物防治,2004,20(3):202-205.
[10]方中达.植病研究方法[M].第3版.北京:中国农业出版社,1998.
[11]邹琦.植物生理生化实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995:30-32.
[12]胡玮.钾对番茄部分抗性生理指标的影响及其对根结线虫的防治效果[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2010.
[13]宾淑英,冯志新.花生根结线虫对花生的致病性研究[J].防护林科技,1993(1):7-13.
[14]黄娟华,卓侃,林柏荣,等.温度和初始种群密度对象耳豆根结线虫侵染番茄的影响[J].植物保护,2013,39(5):177-180.
[15]张锋,李英梅,洪波,等.温度和初始接种量对南方根结线虫侵染力的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(12):1631-1635.
[16]MISHRA N P,MISHRA R K,SINGHAL G S.Changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes during exposure of intact wheat leaves to strong visible light at different temperature in the presence of protein synthesis inhibitors[J].Plant Physiology,1993,102(3):903-908.
[17]HOU E,STARR J L.A comparison of the damage functions,root galling,and reproduction of Meloidogyne inconita on resistant and susceptible cotton cultivars[J].Journal of Cotton Science,2003,7(4):224-230.
[18]叶德友,钱春桃,贾媛媛,等.黄瓜及其近缘种对南方根结线虫的抗性及酶响应变化的研究[J].园艺学报,2009,36(12):1755-1760.
[19]王冰林,韩太利,李媛媛.根结线虫侵染对茄子苗期生理生化反应的影响[J].北方园艺,2012(23):139-142.
[20]张丹丹.油菜素内酯提高黄瓜对根结线虫抗性的机制研究及田间效应[D].杭州:浙江大学,2012.
[21]李青青,漆永红,曹素芳,等.南方根结线虫侵染对豇豆叶部和根系部分生理生化指标的影响[J].西北农业学报,2014,23(2):49-54.