从校企合作到产教融合——我国职业教育办学模式改革的思维转向
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摘要
寻求本土创新一直是我国职业教育办学模式改革的重要任务。由于对人才培养模式、办学模式、人才工作模式、经济模式等概念内涵及其对应关系的混淆,职业教育办学模式改革的关键被定位于校企合作而非产教融合。在校企合作思维之下,办学模式改革更多地被看作教育问题。而产教融合思维强调,办学模式改革不仅是教育问题,而且是经济问题。职业教育办学模式扎根于经济模式,并以技能为中介实现内在关联。在中国经济模式转型升级的背景之下,为了推进职业教育办学模式改革,不仅需要实现从校企合作思维向产教融合思维的转变,而且需要实现办学模式核心要素的系统创新。
Seeking local innovation has always been an important task in the reform of the mode of running vocational education in China. Due to the confusion of the concepts of talent training mode, school-running mode, talent working mode and economic mode and their corresponding relations, the key to the reform of vocational education school-running mode is positioned in the school-enterprise cooperation rather than the integration of industry and education. Under the thought of school-enterprise cooperation, the reform of school-running mode is more regarded as an educational problem. The thought of integration of industry and education emphasizes that the reform of school-running mode is not only an educational problem, but also an economic problem. The mode of running vocational education is rooted in the economic mode, and achieves the internal connection through skill as the intermediary.Under the background of the transformation and upgrading of China's economic model, in order to promote the reform of vocational education mode, it is necessary not only to realize the transformation from school-enterprise cooperation thinking to Production-education integration thinking, but also to realize the systematic innovation of the core elements of school-running mode.
Seeking local innovation has always been an important task in the reform of the mode of running vocational education in China. Due to the confusion of the concepts of talent training mode, school-running mode, talent working mode and economic mode and their corresponding relations, the key to the reform of vocational education school-running mode is positioned in the school-enterprise cooperation rather than the integration of industry and education. Under the thought of school-enterprise cooperation, the reform of school-running mode is more regarded as an educational problem. The thought of integration of industry and education emphasizes that the reform of school-running mode is not only an educational problem, but also an economic problem. The mode of running vocational education is rooted in the economic mode, and achieves the internal connection through skill as the intermediary.Under the background of the transformation and upgrading of China's economic model, in order to promote the reform of vocational education mode, it is necessary not only to realize the transformation from school-enterprise cooperation thinking to Production-education integration thinking, but also to realize the systematic innovation of the core elements of school-running mode.
引文
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[3]徐国庆.智能化时代职业教育人才培养模式的根本转型[J].教育研究,2016,(3).
[4][英]琳达·克拉克,克里斯托弗·温奇.职业教育:国际策略、发展与制度[M].翟海魂译.北京:外语教学出版社,2011:55.
[5]莫玉婉.贺艳芳.论双轨平行的教育体系与职业能力建设——德国职业教育专家菲利克斯·劳耐尔教授访谈录[J].高校教育管理,2017,(4).
[6]PD Casteel,et al. the Social Organization of Work[M].Salem:Salem Press,2011:7.
[7]徐国庆.新福特主义与后福特主义职业教育发展模式比较研究[J].教育发展研究,2004,(12).
[8]徐国庆.我国职业教育现代学徒制构建中的关键问题[J].华东师范大学学报(教育科学版),2017,(1).
[9][德]马克斯·韦伯.新教伦理与资本主义精神[J].刘作宾译.北京:作家出版社,2017:52.
[10]邱晨辉,王月.《中国人力资源市场技能缺口研究》发布——高技能劳动力缺口警钟再次敲响[EB/OL].http://article.cyol.com/news/content/2016-11/28/content_14753537.htm.2018-8-18.
[11]郝天聪,石伟平.就业导向,还是生涯导向?———职业教育发展两难抉择的破解之策[J].教育科学,2017,(2).
[12]郝天聪.市场发挥职业教育资源配置决定性作用的路径探析[J].职业技术教育,2015,(10).
[13]单中惠,王凤玉编.杜威在华演讲录[M].北京:教育科学出版社,2007:272-273.
[14]李强.中国应恢复“八级工”制度[N].环球时报,2011-05-27.
[15]European Center for the Development of Vocational Training(CEDEFOP). A Bridge to the Future European Policy for Vocational Educationand Training 2002-2010[R]. Luxembourg:Publications Office of the European Union,2010:26-27.