水氮耦合对旱藕生理特性及产量的影响
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摘要
【目的】探讨旱藕生理特性及产量与水氮耦合的关系,为旱藕的高产栽培提供科学依据。【方法】采用大棚桶栽方式,以桂兴芋3号为材料,分别设3个土壤灌水量[分别为田间持水量的(25±5)%(W1)、(50±5)%(W2)和(75±5)%(W3)]和4个施氮量[分别为施纯氮0 kg/ha(N0)、300 kg/ha(N1)、600 kg/ha(N2)和900 kg/ha(N3)],旱藕块根形成期取样测定农艺性状、光合特性及生理指标,成熟期测定产量。【结果】旱藕的分蘖数和株高随灌水量及施氮量的增加而增加,茎径随施氮量的增加呈先增加后降低的变化趋势。随灌水量和施氮量的增加,旱藕叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)及蒸腾速率(Tr)均表现出上升趋势,而胞间CO2浓度(Ci)则相反。低水低氮或高水高氮条件下,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性及可溶性糖含量相对较高,丙二醛(MDA)含量相对较低。相同水分条件下,旱藕单株产量随施氮量的增加而显著增加(P<0.05),在W1、W2和W3条件下,N1、N2和N3分别较N0增产21.15%～52.74%、20.44%～56.16%和15.35%～35.61%。相同施氮水平下,产量也随灌水量的增加而增加。相关性分析结果表明,旱藕块根产量与分蘖数、株高、Pn、Gs、Tr和可溶性糖含量均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01,下同),与Ci呈极显著负相关。【结论】水分和氮肥在促进旱藕生长发育、提高叶片光合作用、增强植株抗逆性及增加块根产量方面具有显著的耦合效应。田间持水量(75±5)%、施氮量900 kg/ha为旱藕适宜的水氮管理模式。
【Objective】The relationships of physiological characteristics and yield of canna with water and nitrogen coupling were investigated to provide scientific basis for high-yielding cultivation of canna.【Method】The experiments using Guixingyu 3(a canna cultivar in Guangxi),with treatments of three soil irrigation amounts[which were(25±5)%(W1),(50±5)%(W2)and(75±5)%(W3)of the soil water holding capacity]and four nitrogen application rates[0kg/ha(N0),300 kg/ha(N1),600 kg/ha(N2)and 900 kg/ha(N3)pure nitrogen]were carried out under the greenhouse and bucket. The agronomic traits,photosynthetic characteristics and physiological indices of canna were measured at root tuber formation stage,and the yield was measured at maturity stage.【Result】The number of tillers and plant height increased with the increase of irrigation amount and nitrogen application,but the stem diameter increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application. With the increase of irrigation amount and nitrogen application,the net photosynthesis rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs),transpiration rate(Tr)of canna leaves showed an upward trend,while the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration(Ci)showed a downward trend. Under the condition of low irrigation amount and low nitrogen application or high irrigation amount and high nitrogen application,the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD)and soluble sugar content were relatively high,and the content of malonaldehyde(MDA)was relatively low. Under the condition of same soil moisture,the yield showed a significant increasing trend with the increase of nitrogen application(P<0.05). Compared with N0,the yield of N1,N2 and N3 increased by 21.15%-52.74%,20.44%-56.16% and 15.35%-35.61% respectively under W1,W2 and W3. Under the same amounts of nitrogen application,the yield was also improved with the increase of irrigation amount. The results of correlation analysis showed that there was an extremely significant positive correlation between canna yield and tiller number,plant height,Pn,Gs,Trand soluble sugar content(P<0.01,the same below),and an extremely significant negative correlation with Ci.【Conclusion】Water and nitrogen have significant coupling effects on promoting the canna growth,improving leaf photosynthesis,enhancing plant stress resistance and increasing root yield. Under this experimental condition,the best water and nitrogen management mode for canna is(75±5)% field water holding capacity and 900 kg/ha nitrogen application.
【Objective】The relationships of physiological characteristics and yield of canna with water and nitrogen coupling were investigated to provide scientific basis for high-yielding cultivation of canna.【Method】The experiments using Guixingyu 3(a canna cultivar in Guangxi),with treatments of three soil irrigation amounts[which were(25±5)%(W1),(50±5)%(W2)and(75±5)%(W3)of the soil water holding capacity]and four nitrogen application rates[0kg/ha(N0),300 kg/ha(N1),600 kg/ha(N2)and 900 kg/ha(N3)pure nitrogen]were carried out under the greenhouse and bucket. The agronomic traits,photosynthetic characteristics and physiological indices of canna were measured at root tuber formation stage,and the yield was measured at maturity stage.【Result】The number of tillers and plant height increased with the increase of irrigation amount and nitrogen application,but the stem diameter increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application. With the increase of irrigation amount and nitrogen application,the net photosynthesis rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs),transpiration rate(Tr)of canna leaves showed an upward trend,while the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration(Ci)showed a downward trend. Under the condition of low irrigation amount and low nitrogen application or high irrigation amount and high nitrogen application,the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD)and soluble sugar content were relatively high,and the content of malonaldehyde(MDA)was relatively low. Under the condition of same soil moisture,the yield showed a significant increasing trend with the increase of nitrogen application(P<0.05). Compared with N0,the yield of N1,N2 and N3 increased by 21.15%-52.74%,20.44%-56.16% and 15.35%-35.61% respectively under W1,W2 and W3. Under the same amounts of nitrogen application,the yield was also improved with the increase of irrigation amount. The results of correlation analysis showed that there was an extremely significant positive correlation between canna yield and tiller number,plant height,Pn,Gs,Trand soluble sugar content(P<0.01,the same below),and an extremely significant negative correlation with Ci.【Conclusion】Water and nitrogen have significant coupling effects on promoting the canna growth,improving leaf photosynthesis,enhancing plant stress resistance and increasing root yield. Under this experimental condition,the best water and nitrogen management mode for canna is(75±5)% field water holding capacity and 900 kg/ha nitrogen application.
引文
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欧珍贵,周正邦,周明强.2012.芭蕉芋的种质资源及栽培技术研究进展[J].湖南农业科学,51(3):441-444.[Ou ZG,Zhou Z B,Zhou M Q.2012.Research progress in germplasm and cultivation technique of canna edulis[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,51(3):441-444.]
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