±500 kV张北柔性直流电网单极接地故障健全极母线过电压产生机理
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摘要
为实现我国间歇式清洁能源大规模、远距离消纳,服务低碳奥运,国家电网公司拟在张北建设±500 kV可再生能源柔性直流电网示范工程,是世界上首个具有网络特性的直流电网工程,且与以往工程不同的突出特点是采用架空线构成金属回线网络。建立了基于实际拓扑结构的过电压仿真模型,仿真了直流电网不同位置发生单极接地故障时各换流站的母线过电压水平,发现存在健全极过电压比故障极过电压更大的特殊现象。根据实际物理意义对健全极过电压进行分解,并分析影响程度,得出产生健全极过电压的根本原因是中性点电位抬升的结论;基于金属回线网络的电路结构,研究了接地极电阻、金属回线限流电抗器参数对中性点电位抬升的影响程度,为其他工程的绝缘配合提供理论指导。
To achieve large-scale long-distance accommodation of renewable energy in China, and low carbon service of Olympics, State Grid Corporation of China intends to build a 500 kV VSC-based DC grid pilot project, the world's first DC grid project with network characteristics, in Zhangbei. Different from previous projects, as an outstanding feature, its overhead lines are used to form metallic return network in this project. Based on actual topology, this paper builds an overvoltage simulation model to simulate the overvoltage level of DC busbar when monopolar grounding fault occurs in different positions of the DC grid. It is found out that there is a special phenomenon of healthy pole overvoltage higher than faulty pole overvoltage. According to actual physical meaning, the healthy pole overvoltage is decomposed and the influence degree is analyzed. It is concluded that the fundamental cause of the healthy pole overvoltage is rise of neutral point potential. Based on circuit structure of metallic return, influence of the parameters of grounding resistance and metallic return current limiting reactor on rise of neutral point potential is studied, providing theoretical guidance for insulation coordination of other projects.
To achieve large-scale long-distance accommodation of renewable energy in China, and low carbon service of Olympics, State Grid Corporation of China intends to build a 500 kV VSC-based DC grid pilot project, the world's first DC grid project with network characteristics, in Zhangbei. Different from previous projects, as an outstanding feature, its overhead lines are used to form metallic return network in this project. Based on actual topology, this paper builds an overvoltage simulation model to simulate the overvoltage level of DC busbar when monopolar grounding fault occurs in different positions of the DC grid. It is found out that there is a special phenomenon of healthy pole overvoltage higher than faulty pole overvoltage. According to actual physical meaning, the healthy pole overvoltage is decomposed and the influence degree is analyzed. It is concluded that the fundamental cause of the healthy pole overvoltage is rise of neutral point potential. Based on circuit structure of metallic return, influence of the parameters of grounding resistance and metallic return current limiting reactor on rise of neutral point potential is studied, providing theoretical guidance for insulation coordination of other projects.
引文
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[15]Li X,Zhou P,Cao Z.Study of switching overvoltage for metallic return line of±500 kV flexible HVDC transmission project[C]//The10th IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference.MALAYSIA:IEEE PES,2018.
[16]孙栩,陈绍君,黄霆,等.±500 kV架空线柔性直流电网操作过电压研究[J].电网技术,2017,41(5):1498-1502.Sun Xu,Chen Shaojun,Huang Ting,et al.Switching overvoltage research of±500 kV flexible HVDC grid with overhead line[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(5):1498-1502(in Chinese).
[17]魏晓光,高冲,罗湘,等.柔性直流输电网用新型高压直流断路器设计方案[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(15):95-102.Wei Xiaoguang,Gao Chong,Luo Xiang,et al.A novel design of high-voltage DC circuit breaker in HVDC flexible transmission grid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(15):95-102(in Chinese).
[18]许建中.模块化多电平换流器电磁暂态高效建模方法研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2014.
[19]Bucher M,Franck C.Contribution of fault current sources in multiterminal HVDC cable networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2013,28(3):1796-1803.
[20]孟宪彬,王仲华,于文志.直流输电线路导线电感的计算[C]//中国电机工程学会2005输电线路进入城市电磁影响研讨会.深圳,中国:中国电机工程学会,2007:144-151.
[21]方大千.电工计算应用280例[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社,2008:20-22.
[2]Saad H,Peralta J,Dennetière S,et al.Dynamic averaged and simplified models for MMC-based HVDC transmission systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2013,28(3):1723-1730.
[3]李笑倩,刘文华,宋强,等.一种具备直流清除能力的MMC换流器改进拓扑[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(36):6389-6397.Li Xiaoqian,Liu Wenhua,Song Qiang,et al.An enhanced MMCtopology with DC fault clearance capability[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(36):6389-6397(in Chinese).
[4]朱晋,韦统振,霍群海.一种新型全桥变桥臂型VSC-HVDC变流拓扑[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(3):52-61.Zhu Jin,Wei Tongzhen,Huo Qunhai.A new full-bridge alternative arm based VSC-HVDC converter[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(3):52-61(in Chinese).
[5]范心明,管霖,何健明,等.风电接入下柔性直流输电的无源解耦控制[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(10):311-319.Fan Xinming,Guan Lin,He Jianming,et al.Decoupling passivity control of VSC-HVDC connected wind power[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(10):311-319(in Chinese).
[6]姜喜瑞,贺之渊,汤广福,等.基于禁忌搜索优化算法的高压大容量柔性直流输电子模块电容电压平衡算法[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(21):71-80.Jiang Xirui,He Zhiyuan,Tang Guangfu,et al.A capacitor voltage balancing control strategy for high-voltage large-capacity VSC-HVDC systems based on Tabu search hard optimization algorithm[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(21):71-80(in Chinese).
[7]杨海倩,王玮,荆龙,等.MMC-HVDC系统直流侧故障暂态特性分析[J].电网技术,2016,40(1):40-46.Yang Haiqian,Wang Wei,Jing Long,et al.Analysis on transient characteristic of DC transmission line fault in MMC based HVDCtransmission system[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(1):40-46(in Chinese).
[8]邓旭,王东举,沈扬,等.舟山多端柔性直流输电工程换流站内部暂态过电压[J].电力系统保护与控制,2013,41(18):111-119.Deng Xu,Wang Dongju,Shen Yang,et al.Research on transient overvoltage for converter station of Zhoushan multi-terminal VSC-HVDC project[J].Power System Protection and Control,2013,41(18):111-119(in Chinese).
[9]Yang J,Fletcher J E,O’Reilly J.Short-circuit and ground fault analyses and location in VSC-Based DC network cables[J].IEEETransactions on Industrial Electronics,2012,59(10):3827-3837.
[10]Ajaei F B,Iravani R.Cable surge arrester operation due to transient overvoltages under DC-side faults in the MMC-HVDC link[J].IEEETransactions on Power Delivery,2016,31(3):1213-1222.
[11]Augustin T,Jahn I,Norrga S,et al.Transient behaviour of VSC-HVDC links with DC breakers under faults[C]//European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications.IEEE,2017:1-10.
[12]Wang H,Cao J,He Z,et al.Research on overvoltage for XLPE cable in a modular multilevel converter HVDC transmission system[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2016,31(2):683-692.
[13]李英彪,卜广全,王姗姗,等.张北柔直电网工程直流线路短路过程中直流过电压分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(12):3391-3399.Li Yingbiao,Bu Guangquan,Wang Shanshan,et al.Analysis of DCovervoltage caused by DC short-circuit fault in Zhangbei VSC-based DC grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(12):3391-3399(in Chinese).
[14]Han X,Sima W,Yang M,et al.Transient characteristics under ground and short-circuit faults in a±500 kV MMC-based HVDC system with hybrid DC circuit breakers[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2018,33(3):1378-1387.
[15]Li X,Zhou P,Cao Z.Study of switching overvoltage for metallic return line of±500 kV flexible HVDC transmission project[C]//The10th IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference.MALAYSIA:IEEE PES,2018.
[16]孙栩,陈绍君,黄霆,等.±500 kV架空线柔性直流电网操作过电压研究[J].电网技术,2017,41(5):1498-1502.Sun Xu,Chen Shaojun,Huang Ting,et al.Switching overvoltage research of±500 kV flexible HVDC grid with overhead line[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(5):1498-1502(in Chinese).
[17]魏晓光,高冲,罗湘,等.柔性直流输电网用新型高压直流断路器设计方案[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(15):95-102.Wei Xiaoguang,Gao Chong,Luo Xiang,et al.A novel design of high-voltage DC circuit breaker in HVDC flexible transmission grid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(15):95-102(in Chinese).
[18]许建中.模块化多电平换流器电磁暂态高效建模方法研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2014.
[19]Bucher M,Franck C.Contribution of fault current sources in multiterminal HVDC cable networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2013,28(3):1796-1803.
[20]孟宪彬,王仲华,于文志.直流输电线路导线电感的计算[C]//中国电机工程学会2005输电线路进入城市电磁影响研讨会.深圳,中国:中国电机工程学会,2007:144-151.
[21]方大千.电工计算应用280例[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社,2008:20-22.