南极磷虾脂质的亚临界提取及磷脂分析
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摘要
研究了南极磷虾脂质的亚临界丁烷提取工艺。测定了南极磷虾脂质的酸值、过氧化值、氟含量、生育酚含量、虾青素含量、磷脂含量及磷脂种类组成、脂肪酸组成。结果表明,通过单因素试验确定了亚临界丁烷提取南极磷虾脂质的较佳工艺条件为:动态提取时间120 min(单次提取时间30min、提取4次)、提取压力1.0 MPa、提取温度40℃;在较佳工艺条件下南极磷虾脂质提取率为21.39%;提取的南极磷虾脂质的酸值(KOH)10.6 mg/g,过氧化值3.01 meq/kg,虾青素含量248.4mg/kg,生育酚含量67.7 mg/kg,磷脂含量28.68%,其中磷脂中磷脂酰胆碱占71.20%;磷脂酰胆碱中脂肪酸组成与甘三酯的基本一致,但磷脂酰胆碱中EPA和DHA含量明显高于甘三酯的。
The subcritical butane extraction process of Antarctic krill lipid was studied,and the acid value,peroxide value,fluoride content,tocopherol content,astaxanthin content,phospholipid content and phospholipid species composition,fatty acid composition of Antarctic krill lipid were determined. The results showed that the better subcritical butane extraction conditions of Antarctic krill lipid were obtained by single factor experiment as follows: dynamic extraction time 120 min( single extraction time 30 min,extraction for four times),extraction pressure 1. 0 MPa and extraction temperature 40 ℃. Under the better extraction conditions,the extraction rate of Antarctic krill lipid was 21. 39%,and the acid value,peroxide value,astaxanthin content,tocopherol content and phospholipid content were 10. 6 mg KOH/g,3. 01 meq/kg,248. 4 mg/kg,67. 7 mg/kg and 28. 68%,respectively. The phosphatidylcholine( PC)accounted for 71. 20% of phospholipid. The fatty acid composition in triglycerides( TAG) was almost the same as that in PC,but EPA content and DHA content in PC were significantly higher than that in TAG.
The subcritical butane extraction process of Antarctic krill lipid was studied,and the acid value,peroxide value,fluoride content,tocopherol content,astaxanthin content,phospholipid content and phospholipid species composition,fatty acid composition of Antarctic krill lipid were determined. The results showed that the better subcritical butane extraction conditions of Antarctic krill lipid were obtained by single factor experiment as follows: dynamic extraction time 120 min( single extraction time 30 min,extraction for four times),extraction pressure 1. 0 MPa and extraction temperature 40 ℃. Under the better extraction conditions,the extraction rate of Antarctic krill lipid was 21. 39%,and the acid value,peroxide value,astaxanthin content,tocopherol content and phospholipid content were 10. 6 mg KOH/g,3. 01 meq/kg,248. 4 mg/kg,67. 7 mg/kg and 28. 68%,respectively. The phosphatidylcholine( PC)accounted for 71. 20% of phospholipid. The fatty acid composition in triglycerides( TAG) was almost the same as that in PC,but EPA content and DHA content in PC were significantly higher than that in TAG.
引文
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[2]CHI H,LI X Y,YANG X S.Processing status and utilization strategies of Antarctic krill(Euphausia superba)in China[J].World J Fish Marine Sci,2013,5(3):275-281.
[3]TANG B,TIAN M,ROW K H,et al.Optimized analytical conditions for eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in Antarctic krill using gas chromatography[J].Anal Lett,2012,45(13):1885-1893.
[4]GIGLIPTTI J C,DAVENPPRT M P,BEAMER,et al.Extraction and characterisation of lipids from Antarctic krill(Euphausia superba)[J].Food Chem,2011,125(3):1028-1036.
[5]BEAUDOIN A,MARTIN G.Method of extracting lipids from marine and aquatic animal tissues:US20046800299[P].2004-10-05.
[6]SAMPALIS T.Krill and/or marine extracts for prevention and/or treatment of cardiovascular diseases arthritis,skin cancer diabetes,premenstrual syndrome and transdermal transport:US20070098808[P].2007-05-03.
[7]BRUHEIM I,MANCINELLI D.Bioeffective krill oil compositions:US9072750[P].2015-07-07.
[8]徐晓斌,李俊玲,杨阳,等.南极磷虾油酶解法提取工艺研究[J].中国油脂,2015,40(5):5-8.
[9]ALI-NEHARI A,SEON-BONG K,YANG-BONG L,et al.Characterization of oil including astaxanthin extracted from krill(Euphausia superba)using supercritical carbon dioxide and organic solvent as comparative method[J].Korean J Chem Eng,2012,29(3):329-336.
[10]ZANQUI A B,DE MORAIS D R,DA SILVA C M,et al.Subcritical extraction of flaxseed oil with n-propane:composition and purity[J].Food Chem,2015,188:452-458.
[11]ZANQUI A B,DE MORAIS D R,DA SILVA C M,et al.Subcritical extraction of Salvia hispanica L.oil with npropane:composition,purity and oxidation stability as compared to the oils obtained by conventional solvent extraction methods[J].J Braz Chem Soc,2014,26(2):282-289.
[12]张明,万楚筠,黄凤洪.亚临界萃取菜籽脱皮低温压榨饼中油脂[J].中国油脂,2015,40(5):14-17.
[13]LIU K,WANG L,XUE C H,et al.Subcritical R134a extraction of euphausia pacifica oil and analysis of fatty acid composition[J].Food Sci,2013,34(14):96-99.
[14]LIU P,SHI J,SHEN S J.Subcritical fluid extraction of astaxanthin from shrimp and crab shell waste[J].Fine Chem,2011,28(5):497-500.
[15]赵玲,殷邦忠,陈岩,等.2种解冻方式的南极磷虾中20种元素含量分析[J].农产品加工(学刊),2014(3):37-39.
[16]TOLASA S,CAKLI S,OSTERMEYER U.Determination of astaxanthin and canthaxanthin in salmonid[J].Eur Food Res Technol,2005,221(6):787-791.
[17]张海生,夏卫平,程先豪,等.南大洋氟的生物地球化学研究I.南极磷虾富氟异常的研究[J].南极研究,1991,3(4):24-30.
[18]CRIPPS G C.Fatty acid content of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba at South Georgia related to regional populations and variations in diet[J].Mar Ecol Prog Ser,1999,181:177-188.
[19]曹文静,惠欢庆,沈俊涛,等.混合溶剂提取南极磷虾油的工艺研究[J].中国油脂,2013,38(12):6-9.