提取方法对土壤可溶性有机碳测定结果的影响
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摘要
为验证浸提条件对土壤可溶性有机碳(DOC)浸提量的影响,选择具有代表性的3种土地利用方式的土壤进行实验,研究土样处理方式、提取时间、水土比、提取剂种类和振荡次数等提取条件对DOC浸提量的影响。结果表明:土样处理方式影响DOC浸提量的大小顺序为:风干过2 mm筛>鲜样过1 mm筛>过2 mm筛>过5 mm筛>不过筛,风干过2 mm筛的DOC提取量是鲜样不过筛的2.4倍,且各处理之间DOC浸提量差异性达显著水平(P<0.05);DOC的浸提量随振荡时间变化不是特别明显,振荡4 h后基本达到平衡;土壤DOC浸提量随水土比的增加而增大,呈显著的线性关系;浸提剂种类对土壤DOC浸提量影响显著,4种提取剂提取出来的DOC量的大小顺序为:DOC(80℃,H_2O)>DOC(25℃,0.5 mol·L~(-1) NaHCO_3)>DOC(25℃,0.5 mol·L~(-1) K_2SO_4)>DOC(25℃,H_2O);单次提取量随提取次数增加而降低,累积提取量随浸提次数增加而升高,且累积提取的DOC量与浸提次数呈极显著正相关。建议采用过2 mm筛的土壤鲜样,提取剂用25℃去离子水,水土比采用5∶1,连续振荡4 h后一次过滤测定土壤DOC含量。本研究有助于增强不同研究结果之间DOC数据的可比性,也有利于推动土壤DOC测定标准的完善。
In order to confirm the effects of extraction methods on the concentration of soil dissolved organic carbon(DOC) and select representative soils from three land use types were used by measuring the concentration of DOC extracted with different soil sieving, shaking time, water-to-soil ratios, extractants and frequency of extraction. The results showed that there was marked difference in the concentration of DOC extracted among 5 kinds of soil sieving, with the following order: 2 mm sieved of air-drying soils>1 mm sieved>2 mm sieved>5 mm sieved>unsieved, air-drying caused a 2.4-fold increase in the extraction of DOC from soil in comparison to soils extracted in a field moist state; The amount of DOC extracted from the soil gradually increased over a 4 h extraction period; The amount of DOC extracted from soil presented a positive linear relationship significantly with water-to-soil ratio; The types of soil extractants also had influence on amount of DOC in soil to some degree, with the following order: DOC(80 ℃, H_2O)>DOC(25 ℃, 0.5 mol·L~(-1) NaHCO_3)>DOC(25 ℃, 0.5 mol·L~(-1) K_2SO_4)>DOC(25 ℃, H_2O); DOC from a single event decreased with the frequency of the extraction and cumulative DOC increased with the extracting time. There was a significant positive correlation between cumulative DOC and the frequency of the extraction in three types of soils. We therefore propose the introduction of a standardized extraction procedure: Replicate samples of 2 mm sieved, field-moist soil extracted as soon as possible after collection with distilled water, at a 5 ∶ 1(V/W) water-to-soil ratio for 4 h at 25 ℃. This research is useful in enhancing the comparability of soil DOC data from different studies and improving the standard of soil DOC measurement.
In order to confirm the effects of extraction methods on the concentration of soil dissolved organic carbon(DOC) and select representative soils from three land use types were used by measuring the concentration of DOC extracted with different soil sieving, shaking time, water-to-soil ratios, extractants and frequency of extraction. The results showed that there was marked difference in the concentration of DOC extracted among 5 kinds of soil sieving, with the following order: 2 mm sieved of air-drying soils>1 mm sieved>2 mm sieved>5 mm sieved>unsieved, air-drying caused a 2.4-fold increase in the extraction of DOC from soil in comparison to soils extracted in a field moist state; The amount of DOC extracted from the soil gradually increased over a 4 h extraction period; The amount of DOC extracted from soil presented a positive linear relationship significantly with water-to-soil ratio; The types of soil extractants also had influence on amount of DOC in soil to some degree, with the following order: DOC(80 ℃, H_2O)>DOC(25 ℃, 0.5 mol·L~(-1) NaHCO_3)>DOC(25 ℃, 0.5 mol·L~(-1) K_2SO_4)>DOC(25 ℃, H_2O); DOC from a single event decreased with the frequency of the extraction and cumulative DOC increased with the extracting time. There was a significant positive correlation between cumulative DOC and the frequency of the extraction in three types of soils. We therefore propose the introduction of a standardized extraction procedure: Replicate samples of 2 mm sieved, field-moist soil extracted as soon as possible after collection with distilled water, at a 5 ∶ 1(V/W) water-to-soil ratio for 4 h at 25 ℃. This research is useful in enhancing the comparability of soil DOC data from different studies and improving the standard of soil DOC measurement.
引文
CHOW A T,TANJI K K,GAO S,et al.2006.Temperature,water content and wet-dry cycle effects on DOC production and carbon mineralization in agricultural peat soils[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,38(3):477-488.
FUJII K,UEMURA M,HAYAKAWA C,et al.2009.Fluxes of dissolved organic carbon in two tropical forest ecosystems of East Kalimantan,Indonesia[J].Geoderma,152(1-2):127-136.
GERARD H R,ELLIS H,CHRIS V K.2009.Extractable and dissolved soil organic nitrogen-A quantitative assessment[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,41(6):1029-1039.
GHANI A,DEXTER M,PERROTT K W.2003.Hot-water extractable carbon in soils:a sensitive measurement for determining impacts of fertilisation,grazing and cultivation[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,35(9):1231-1243.
JONES D L,WILLETT V B.2006.Experimental evaluation of methods to quantify dissolved organic nitrogen(DON)and dissolved organic carbon(DOC)in soil[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,38(5):991-999.
JONES D L.1999.Amino acid biodegradation and its potential effects on organic nitrogen capture by plants[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,31(4):613-622.
KAISER K,KAUPENJOHANN M,ZECH W.2001.Sorption of dissolved organic carbon in soils:effects of soil sample storage,soil-to-solution ratio,and temperature[J].Geoderma,99(3-4):317-328.
KALBITZ K,DEYER S,GEHRE M.2000.Land use impacts on the isotopic signature of water-soluble fulvic acids in a German fen area[J].Soil Science,165(9):728-736.
RABER B,STEIN C,KLEM D.1998.Partitioning of Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to dissolved organic matter from different soils[J].Geoderma,36(1):79-97.
REES R M,PARKER J P.2005.Filtration increases the correlation between water extractable organic carbon and soil microbial activity[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,37(12):2240-2248.
ZHOU L X,WONG J W C.2003.Behavior of heavy metals in soil:Effect of dissolved organic matter[M]//In:SELIM M,KINGERY W L(eds.)Geochemical and Hydrological Reactivity of Heavy Metals in Soil.New York:CRC Press:245-270.
ZHOU L X,ZHOU S G,ZHAN X H.2004.Sorption and biodegradability of sludge bacterial extracellular polymers in soil and their influence on soil Cu behavior[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,33(10):154-162.
黄雪夏,唐晓红,魏朝富.2007.不同利用方式对紫色水稻土水溶性有机碳的影响[J].中国农学通报,23(8):440-443.
类城霞,陈长青,蒋瑀霁,等.2013.水稻品种和砷污染对土壤溶解性有机碳氮的影响[J].土壤学报,50(1):160-167.
李太魁,杨小林,寇长林,等.2016.可溶性有机碳在紫色土中的吸附及影响因素分析[J].生态环境学报,25(11):1836-1841.
李忠佩,张桃林,陈碧云.2004.可溶性有机碳的含量动态及其与土壤有机碳矿化的关系[J].土壤学报,41(4):544-552.
林滨,陶澍.1996.沉积物中水溶性天然有机物吸着系数的动态测定[J].地理科学,16(2):164-169.
鲁如坤.2000.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社.
吕国红,周广胜,周莉,等.2006.土壤溶解性有机碳测定方法与应用[J].气象与环境学报,22(2):51-55.
王清奎,汪思龙,冯宗炜,等.2005.土壤活性有机质及其与土壤质量的关系[J].生态学报,25(3):513-519..
杨小燕,范瑞英,王恩姮,等.2013.浸提条件对黑土表层土壤溶解性有机碳浸提量的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,35(5):68-72.
张甲珅,陶澍,曹军.2000.土壤中水溶性有机碳测定中的样品保存与前处理方法[J].土壤通报,31(4):174-176.
张金波,宋长春,杨文燕.2005.土地利用方式对土壤水溶性有机碳的影响[J].中国环境科学,25(3):343-347.
FUJII K,UEMURA M,HAYAKAWA C,et al.2009.Fluxes of dissolved organic carbon in two tropical forest ecosystems of East Kalimantan,Indonesia[J].Geoderma,152(1-2):127-136.
GERARD H R,ELLIS H,CHRIS V K.2009.Extractable and dissolved soil organic nitrogen-A quantitative assessment[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,41(6):1029-1039.
GHANI A,DEXTER M,PERROTT K W.2003.Hot-water extractable carbon in soils:a sensitive measurement for determining impacts of fertilisation,grazing and cultivation[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,35(9):1231-1243.
JONES D L,WILLETT V B.2006.Experimental evaluation of methods to quantify dissolved organic nitrogen(DON)and dissolved organic carbon(DOC)in soil[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,38(5):991-999.
JONES D L.1999.Amino acid biodegradation and its potential effects on organic nitrogen capture by plants[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,31(4):613-622.
KAISER K,KAUPENJOHANN M,ZECH W.2001.Sorption of dissolved organic carbon in soils:effects of soil sample storage,soil-to-solution ratio,and temperature[J].Geoderma,99(3-4):317-328.
KALBITZ K,DEYER S,GEHRE M.2000.Land use impacts on the isotopic signature of water-soluble fulvic acids in a German fen area[J].Soil Science,165(9):728-736.
RABER B,STEIN C,KLEM D.1998.Partitioning of Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to dissolved organic matter from different soils[J].Geoderma,36(1):79-97.
REES R M,PARKER J P.2005.Filtration increases the correlation between water extractable organic carbon and soil microbial activity[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,37(12):2240-2248.
ZHOU L X,WONG J W C.2003.Behavior of heavy metals in soil:Effect of dissolved organic matter[M]//In:SELIM M,KINGERY W L(eds.)Geochemical and Hydrological Reactivity of Heavy Metals in Soil.New York:CRC Press:245-270.
ZHOU L X,ZHOU S G,ZHAN X H.2004.Sorption and biodegradability of sludge bacterial extracellular polymers in soil and their influence on soil Cu behavior[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,33(10):154-162.
黄雪夏,唐晓红,魏朝富.2007.不同利用方式对紫色水稻土水溶性有机碳的影响[J].中国农学通报,23(8):440-443.
类城霞,陈长青,蒋瑀霁,等.2013.水稻品种和砷污染对土壤溶解性有机碳氮的影响[J].土壤学报,50(1):160-167.
李太魁,杨小林,寇长林,等.2016.可溶性有机碳在紫色土中的吸附及影响因素分析[J].生态环境学报,25(11):1836-1841.
李忠佩,张桃林,陈碧云.2004.可溶性有机碳的含量动态及其与土壤有机碳矿化的关系[J].土壤学报,41(4):544-552.
林滨,陶澍.1996.沉积物中水溶性天然有机物吸着系数的动态测定[J].地理科学,16(2):164-169.
鲁如坤.2000.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社.
吕国红,周广胜,周莉,等.2006.土壤溶解性有机碳测定方法与应用[J].气象与环境学报,22(2):51-55.
王清奎,汪思龙,冯宗炜,等.2005.土壤活性有机质及其与土壤质量的关系[J].生态学报,25(3):513-519..
杨小燕,范瑞英,王恩姮,等.2013.浸提条件对黑土表层土壤溶解性有机碳浸提量的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,35(5):68-72.
张甲珅,陶澍,曹军.2000.土壤中水溶性有机碳测定中的样品保存与前处理方法[J].土壤通报,31(4):174-176.
张金波,宋长春,杨文燕.2005.土地利用方式对土壤水溶性有机碳的影响[J].中国环境科学,25(3):343-347.