MMC-UPFC单相接地故障下运行特性分析及整体保护策略设计
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摘要
基于模块化多电平换流器的统一潮流控制器(MMC-UPFC)是目前最全面的柔性交流输电系统(FACTS)设备,具有广阔的研究前景。但当线路发生接地或短路故障时,MMC-UPFC串联变换器可能承受过电压和短路电流的冲击而导致烧毁。结合国内外研究现状,为弥补研究空白,该文首先介绍了MMC-UPFC的基本结构,针对交流系统故障,通过分析MMC-UPFC装置在交流母线上发生单相接地故障情况下的运行状态,分析其故障特性,提出定义比例参数k,并合理选择k的值,可以使故障接地电流为0,并能保持故障线路的持续运行。针对站内故障,根据MMC-UPFC本身的拓扑结构特点及并联侧、串联侧不同的交流侧结构,提出将并联侧及串联侧分区进行保护,设计了装置的整体保护配置方案,并研究了与交流系统上其他保护的配合运行,为实际工程提供参考。然后,结合PSCAD软件搭建模型进行仿真分析。最后,以220 kV南京西环网UPFC项目中人工短路实验进行分析,验证所提故障运行特性和保护配置方案的合理性和可行性。
The unified power flow controller based on modular multi-level converters is the most flexible ac transmission system device and it has broad market. However, when the single-phase grounding fault occurs on the transmission line, the series converter of MMC-UPFC may be damaged due to the impact of over-voltage and short-circuit current. Combined with the existing researches, in order to make up for the research gap, this paper firstly introduces the topology structure of MMC-UPFC. Then aiming at the fault occurred on the bus line, this paper analyzes the operating condition and fault characteristics under single-phase grounding fault. The proportional parameter k is proposed and if reasonably selecting the value of k, the fault grounding current can be reduced to 0 and the faulty line can operate continuously. Secondly, aiming at the fault occurred inside, according to the structure of MMC-UPFC itself, and the different AC side structures, this paper proposed a protection scheme which is designed separately for the parallel side and series side. This paper also analyzes the coperation with other protection on the bus line. Then the overall protection configuration scheme of the device is designed, which provides a reference for the engineering project. Thirdly, a simulation model is established by using the PSCAD software. Finally, an artificial short-circuit experiment in the 220 kV Nanjing west-ring network UPFC project is used for specific analysis to verify the rationality and feasibility of the proposed scheme.
The unified power flow controller based on modular multi-level converters is the most flexible ac transmission system device and it has broad market. However, when the single-phase grounding fault occurs on the transmission line, the series converter of MMC-UPFC may be damaged due to the impact of over-voltage and short-circuit current. Combined with the existing researches, in order to make up for the research gap, this paper firstly introduces the topology structure of MMC-UPFC. Then aiming at the fault occurred on the bus line, this paper analyzes the operating condition and fault characteristics under single-phase grounding fault. The proportional parameter k is proposed and if reasonably selecting the value of k, the fault grounding current can be reduced to 0 and the faulty line can operate continuously. Secondly, aiming at the fault occurred inside, according to the structure of MMC-UPFC itself, and the different AC side structures, this paper proposed a protection scheme which is designed separately for the parallel side and series side. This paper also analyzes the coperation with other protection on the bus line. Then the overall protection configuration scheme of the device is designed, which provides a reference for the engineering project. Thirdly, a simulation model is established by using the PSCAD software. Finally, an artificial short-circuit experiment in the 220 kV Nanjing west-ring network UPFC project is used for specific analysis to verify the rationality and feasibility of the proposed scheme.
引文
[1]余梦泽,李俭,刘雷,等.电磁混合式统一潮流控制器的拓扑结构与控制策略优化[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(增刊2):169-175.Yu Mengze,Li Jian,Liu Lei,et al.Topology structure and control strategy optimization of electromagnetic hybrid unified power flow controller[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(S2):169-175.
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[4]黄守道,彭也伦,廖武.模块化多电平型变流器电容电压波动及其抑制策略研究[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(7):62-71.Huang Shoudao,Peng Yelun,Liao Wu.Study of capacitor voltage fluctuation and its suppression for modular multilevel converter[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(7):62-71.
[5]张建坡,赵成勇.模块化多电平换流器环流及抑制策略研究[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(10):328-336.Zhang Jianpo,Zhao Chengyong.Research on circulation current and suppressing strategy of modular multilevel converter[J].Transactions of China Electrotechinal Society,2013,28(10):328-336.
[6]楚遵方,李耀华,王平,等.柔性直流输电系统中模块化多电平变流器的直流侧充电策略分析[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(12):136-142.Chu Zunfang,Li Yaohua,Wang Ping,et al.Analysis of charging strategy by DC grid of modular multilevel converter in high voltage direct current transmission sysytem[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(12):136-142.
[7]张建坡,赵成勇,黄晓明,等.基于模块化多电平高压直流输电系统接地故障特性仿真分析[J].电网技术,2014,38(10):2658-2664.Zhang Jianpo,Zhao Chengyong,Huang Xiaoming,et al.Simulation research on earth fault characteristics of modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current transmission system[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(10):2658-2664.
[8]周廷冬,徐永海,吕晓慧.基于MMC的配电网电力电子变压器接地设计及故障特性分析[J].电网技术,2017,41(12):4077-4085.Zhou Tingdong,Xu Yonghai,LüXiaohui.Grounding design and fault characteristic analysis of MMC based power electronic transformer in distribution network[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(12):4077-4085.
[9]戴志辉,葛红波,严思齐,等.柔性直流配电网接地方式对故障特性的影响分析[J].电网技术,2017,41(7):2353-2362.Dai Zhihui,Ge Hongbo,Yan Siqi,et al.Effects of grounding mode on fault characteristics in flexible dc distribution system[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(7):2353-2362.
[10]崔福博,郭剑波,荆平,等.MMC-UPFC接地设计及其站内故障特性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(7):1628-1636.Cui Fubo,Guo Jianbo,Jing Ping,et al.The grounding design and internal fault characteristic of MMC-UPFC[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(7):1628-1636.
[11]Chen Xiaofang,Zhao Chengyong,Cao Chungang.Reasearch on the fault characteristics of HVDC based on modular multilevel converter[C]//IEEE Electrical Power and Energy Confernece,Wuhan,China,2011:91-96.
[12]裘鹏,章姝俊,黄晓明,等.MMC-HVDC系统中阀侧交流母线保护策略研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2014,42(19):150-154.Qiu Peng,Zhang Shujun,Huang Xiaoming,et al.Research on protection strategies of internal AC bus fault based on MMC-HVDC[J].Power System Protection and Control,2014,42(19):150-154.
[13]杨海倩,王玮,荆龙,等.MMC-HVDC系统直流侧故障暂态特性分析[J].电网技术,2016,40(1):40-46.Yang Haiqian,Wang Wei,Jing Long,et al.Analysis on transient characteristic of DC transmission line fault in MMC based HVDC transmission system[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(1):40-46.
[14]郑涛,吴丹,宋洁莹.基于MMC的统一潮流控制器交流侧故障特性及保护方案[J].电网技术,2015,39(12):3570-3577.Zheng Tao,Wu Dan,Song Jieying.The AC side fault characteristics and protection scheme of the unified power flow controller based on MMC[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(12):3570-3577.
[15]梁志峰.2011-2013年国家电网公司输电线路故障跳闸统计分析[J].华东电力,2014,42(11):2265-2270.Liang Zhifeng.Statistical analysis of transmission line fault tripping in state grid corporation of china in2011-2013[J].East China Electric Power,2014,42(11):2265-2270.
[16]汪洋,梁明亮.2012华北电网500 kV线路故障分析与思考[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(21):39-46.Wang Yang,Liang Mingliang.An analysis of and inspiration from contingencies of 500 kV transmission lines in north China power grid in 2012[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(21):39-46.
[17]宋洁莹,吴丹,陆振纲,等.MMC-UPFC本体保护系统研究[J].智能电网,2015,3(10):947-955.Song Jieying,Wu Dan,Lu Zhengang,et al.Research on the control and protection system of MMC-UPFC[J].Smart Grid,2015,3(10):947-955.
[18]郑涛,吴丹,陆振纲,等.MMC-UPFC不同接地设计的故障特性及对本体保护配置影响[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(5):54-60.Zheng Tao,Wu Dan,Lu Zhengang,et al.Impact of MMC-UPFC grounding design on fault characteristics and protection scheme[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(5):54-60.
[19]陈刚,李鹏,袁宇波.MMC-UPFC在南京西环网的应用及其谐波特性分析[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(7):121-127.Chen Gang,Li Peng,Yuan Yubo.Application of MMC-UPFC on Nanjing Western Grid and its harmonic analysis[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(7):121-127.
[20]崔福博.基于模块化多电平的统一潮流控制器控制策略及其接地技术研究[D].北京:中国电力科学研究院,2015.
[2]侯丽,刘琦,鲁宝春.UPFC控制器设计[J].电力自动化设备,2010,30(9):51-54.Hou Li,Liu Qi,Lu Baochun.Controller design for UPFC[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2010,30(9):51-54.
[3]尹璐,舒彬,张璞,等.统一潮流控制器在电力系统中的PSD-BPA和MATLAB联合建模与仿真方法[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(增刊1):383-388.Yin Lu,Shu Bin,Zhang Pu,et al.A PSD-BPA and MATLAB joint modeling and simulation method with UPFC for power system flow calculation[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(S1):383-388.
[4]黄守道,彭也伦,廖武.模块化多电平型变流器电容电压波动及其抑制策略研究[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(7):62-71.Huang Shoudao,Peng Yelun,Liao Wu.Study of capacitor voltage fluctuation and its suppression for modular multilevel converter[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(7):62-71.
[5]张建坡,赵成勇.模块化多电平换流器环流及抑制策略研究[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(10):328-336.Zhang Jianpo,Zhao Chengyong.Research on circulation current and suppressing strategy of modular multilevel converter[J].Transactions of China Electrotechinal Society,2013,28(10):328-336.
[6]楚遵方,李耀华,王平,等.柔性直流输电系统中模块化多电平变流器的直流侧充电策略分析[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(12):136-142.Chu Zunfang,Li Yaohua,Wang Ping,et al.Analysis of charging strategy by DC grid of modular multilevel converter in high voltage direct current transmission sysytem[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(12):136-142.
[7]张建坡,赵成勇,黄晓明,等.基于模块化多电平高压直流输电系统接地故障特性仿真分析[J].电网技术,2014,38(10):2658-2664.Zhang Jianpo,Zhao Chengyong,Huang Xiaoming,et al.Simulation research on earth fault characteristics of modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current transmission system[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(10):2658-2664.
[8]周廷冬,徐永海,吕晓慧.基于MMC的配电网电力电子变压器接地设计及故障特性分析[J].电网技术,2017,41(12):4077-4085.Zhou Tingdong,Xu Yonghai,LüXiaohui.Grounding design and fault characteristic analysis of MMC based power electronic transformer in distribution network[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(12):4077-4085.
[9]戴志辉,葛红波,严思齐,等.柔性直流配电网接地方式对故障特性的影响分析[J].电网技术,2017,41(7):2353-2362.Dai Zhihui,Ge Hongbo,Yan Siqi,et al.Effects of grounding mode on fault characteristics in flexible dc distribution system[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(7):2353-2362.
[10]崔福博,郭剑波,荆平,等.MMC-UPFC接地设计及其站内故障特性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(7):1628-1636.Cui Fubo,Guo Jianbo,Jing Ping,et al.The grounding design and internal fault characteristic of MMC-UPFC[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(7):1628-1636.
[11]Chen Xiaofang,Zhao Chengyong,Cao Chungang.Reasearch on the fault characteristics of HVDC based on modular multilevel converter[C]//IEEE Electrical Power and Energy Confernece,Wuhan,China,2011:91-96.
[12]裘鹏,章姝俊,黄晓明,等.MMC-HVDC系统中阀侧交流母线保护策略研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2014,42(19):150-154.Qiu Peng,Zhang Shujun,Huang Xiaoming,et al.Research on protection strategies of internal AC bus fault based on MMC-HVDC[J].Power System Protection and Control,2014,42(19):150-154.
[13]杨海倩,王玮,荆龙,等.MMC-HVDC系统直流侧故障暂态特性分析[J].电网技术,2016,40(1):40-46.Yang Haiqian,Wang Wei,Jing Long,et al.Analysis on transient characteristic of DC transmission line fault in MMC based HVDC transmission system[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(1):40-46.
[14]郑涛,吴丹,宋洁莹.基于MMC的统一潮流控制器交流侧故障特性及保护方案[J].电网技术,2015,39(12):3570-3577.Zheng Tao,Wu Dan,Song Jieying.The AC side fault characteristics and protection scheme of the unified power flow controller based on MMC[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(12):3570-3577.
[15]梁志峰.2011-2013年国家电网公司输电线路故障跳闸统计分析[J].华东电力,2014,42(11):2265-2270.Liang Zhifeng.Statistical analysis of transmission line fault tripping in state grid corporation of china in2011-2013[J].East China Electric Power,2014,42(11):2265-2270.
[16]汪洋,梁明亮.2012华北电网500 kV线路故障分析与思考[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(21):39-46.Wang Yang,Liang Mingliang.An analysis of and inspiration from contingencies of 500 kV transmission lines in north China power grid in 2012[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(21):39-46.
[17]宋洁莹,吴丹,陆振纲,等.MMC-UPFC本体保护系统研究[J].智能电网,2015,3(10):947-955.Song Jieying,Wu Dan,Lu Zhengang,et al.Research on the control and protection system of MMC-UPFC[J].Smart Grid,2015,3(10):947-955.
[18]郑涛,吴丹,陆振纲,等.MMC-UPFC不同接地设计的故障特性及对本体保护配置影响[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(5):54-60.Zheng Tao,Wu Dan,Lu Zhengang,et al.Impact of MMC-UPFC grounding design on fault characteristics and protection scheme[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(5):54-60.
[19]陈刚,李鹏,袁宇波.MMC-UPFC在南京西环网的应用及其谐波特性分析[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(7):121-127.Chen Gang,Li Peng,Yuan Yubo.Application of MMC-UPFC on Nanjing Western Grid and its harmonic analysis[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(7):121-127.
[20]崔福博.基于模块化多电平的统一潮流控制器控制策略及其接地技术研究[D].北京:中国电力科学研究院,2015.