涌流引起换流变压器零序过电流保护误动的机理分析及对策
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摘要
针对高压直流输电工程中换流变压器空载合闸及外部故障切除引起零序过电流保护误动的案例,分析了换流变压器空投和外部故障切除时励磁涌流及恢复性涌流的变化特点及其对零序电流的影响机理。采用基于工程实际参数的高压直流输电的仿真模型,对高压换流站换流变压器空投及外部故障切除导致中性线零序电流幅值较大且衰减缓慢的现象进行了仿真分析,揭示了换流变压器零序过电流保护误动的原因。利用相空间重构技术提出了基于零序电流相空间分布重心幅值变化特征的换流变压器零序过电流保护闭锁新判据,并通过仿真验证了该方案的有效性。
Aiming at the mal-operations of the zero-sequence overcurrent protection due to the energization of unloaded converter transformers and the removal of external fault in the HVDC transmission project, the variation characteristics of the two inrush currents and their influences on the zero-sequence current are analyzed. The phenomenon that the zero-sequence current is provided with quite high magnitude and decays slowly during the two inrush currents is simulated. The reason of the mal-operation of the zero-sequence overcurrent protection is revealed. Taking advantages of the phase space reconstruction technique, this paper proposes a novel blocking criterion of the zero-sequence overcurrent protection, which is based on the center-of-gravity amplitude of the phase space distribution of the zero-sequence current. The effectiveness of the proposed criterion is verified by means of simulation tests.
Aiming at the mal-operations of the zero-sequence overcurrent protection due to the energization of unloaded converter transformers and the removal of external fault in the HVDC transmission project, the variation characteristics of the two inrush currents and their influences on the zero-sequence current are analyzed. The phenomenon that the zero-sequence current is provided with quite high magnitude and decays slowly during the two inrush currents is simulated. The reason of the mal-operation of the zero-sequence overcurrent protection is revealed. Taking advantages of the phase space reconstruction technique, this paper proposes a novel blocking criterion of the zero-sequence overcurrent protection, which is based on the center-of-gravity amplitude of the phase space distribution of the zero-sequence current. The effectiveness of the proposed criterion is verified by means of simulation tests.
引文
[1] 刘家军,罗明亮,徐玉洁.直流输电中换流变压器零序过流保护的探讨[J].中国电力,2014,47(6):22-25.LIU Jiajun,LUO Mingliang,XU Yujie.Investigation on converter transformer’s zero-sequence over-current in HVDC system[J].Electric Power,2014,47(6):22-25.
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[3] 谷永刚,齐卫东,韩彦华,等.换流变压器充电时开关跳闸的原因分析[J].陕西电力,2011,39(9):52-54.GU Yonggang,QI Weidong,HAN Yanhua,et al.Malfunction analysis of switch trip during converter transformer charging[J].Shaanxi Electric Power,2011,39(9):52-54.
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[6] 丁苏阳,林湘宁,翁汉琍,等.换流变零差保护在故障切除恢复性涌流期间的误动风险分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(增刊1):12-20.DING Suyang,LIN Xiangning,WENG Hanli,et al.Mal-operation risk analysis on zero-sequence differential protection of converter substation during existence of recovery inrush due to fault removal[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(Supplement 1):12-20.
[7] 李晓华,张冬怡,丁晓兵,等.换流变压器和应涌流的正序二次谐波特性分析[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(13):202-207.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170522009.LI Xiaohua,ZHANG Dongyi,DING Xiaobing,et al.Analysis on positive-sequence second harmonic characteristic of sympathetic inrush current for converter transformer[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(13):202-207.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170522009.
[8] 丛伟,王伟旭,肖静,等.控制合闸电压幅值的变压器励磁涌流抑制方案[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(8):159-165.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20161014001.CONG Wei,WANG Weixu,XIAO Jing,et al.Transformer inrush current restraining scheme based on switching voltage amplitude controlling method[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(8):159-165.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20161014001.
[9] 林磊,陈川,胡鑫,等.不同故障下特高压换流变压器差动保护动作特性分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(21):123-133.LIN Lei,CHEN Chuan,HU Xin,et al.Research on the characteristics of ultra-high voltage converter transformer differential protection under the internal and external faults[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(21):123-133.
[10] 杨通贇,李晓华,戴扬宇,等.换流变励磁涌流特性分析及其抑制[J].电网与清洁能源,2017,33(1):64-70.YANG Tongyun,LI Xiaohua,DAI Yangyu,et al.Analysis on magnetizing inrush current characteristic of converter transformer and its suppression[J].Power System and Clean Energy,2017,33(1):64-70.
[11] 冯国东.一种换流变压器零序过流保护改进方案[J].电气自动化,2016,38(6):5-7.FENG Guodong.An improved scheme for zero-sequence over-current protection of converter transformers[J].Electrical Automation,2016,38(6):5-7.
[12] 翁汉琍,李雪华,鲁俊生,等.特高压换流变压器对称性涌流的生成及其对大差保护的影响[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(5):153-158.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160420005.WENG Hanli,LI Xuehua,LU Junsheng,et al.Symmetrical inrush current mechanism of ultra-high voltage converter transformer and its impact on converter connection transformer differential protection[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(5):153-158.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160420005.
[13] 毕大强,王祥珩,李德佳,等.变压器和应涌流的理论探讨[J].电力系统自动化,2005,29(6):1-8.BI Daqiang,WANG Xiangheng,LI Dejia,et al.Theory analysis of the sympathetic inrush in operating transformers[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2005,29(6):1-8.
[14] 王维俭,侯炳蕴.大型机组继电保护理论基础[M].北京:中国电力出版社,1982.WANG Weijian,HOU Bingyun.The theoretical basis of relay protection for large scale units[M].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,1982.
[15] 刘中平,陆于平,袁宇波.变压器外部故障切除后恢复性涌流的研究[J].电力系统自动化,2005,29(8):41-44.LIU Zhongping,LU Yuping,YUAN Yubo.Study of transformer recovery inrush after clearance of external faults[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2005,29(8):41-44.
[16] BAKER G L,GOLLUB J P.Chaotic dynamics:an introduction[M].Cambridge,UK:Cambridge University Press,1990.
[17] 刘世明,许志成,李森林,等.基于相空间的励磁涌流新特征分析[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(18):134-138.LIU Shiming,XU Zhicheng,LI Senlin,et al.A novel characteristic of magnetizing inrush current based on phase space[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(18):134-138.
[2] 江志波,何润华.几起零序过流保护动作事故分析及改进措施探讨[J].山东工业技术,2014,15(15):100-101.JIANG Zhibo,HE Runhua.The analysis and improvement measures of several zero-order overcurrent protection actions are discussed[J].Shandong Industrial Technology,2014,15(15):100-101.
[3] 谷永刚,齐卫东,韩彦华,等.换流变压器充电时开关跳闸的原因分析[J].陕西电力,2011,39(9):52-54.GU Yonggang,QI Weidong,HAN Yanhua,et al.Malfunction analysis of switch trip during converter transformer charging[J].Shaanxi Electric Power,2011,39(9):52-54.
[4] 朱韬析,王超.天广直流输电换流变压器保护系统存在的问题[J].广东电力,2008,21(1):7-10.ZHU Taoxi,WANG Chao.Problems existing in protective system of converter transformer used in Tian-Guang HVDC project[J].Guangdong Electric Power,2008,21(1):7-10.
[5] 刘涛,高晓辉,柳震.一起变压器后备零序保护越级跳闸事故的分析[J].电力学报,2013(4):309-312.LIU Tao,GAO Xiaohui,LIU Zhen.Analysis and countermeasure of leapfrog trip in main transformer zero-sequence protection[J].Journal of Electric Power,2013(4):309-312.
[6] 丁苏阳,林湘宁,翁汉琍,等.换流变零差保护在故障切除恢复性涌流期间的误动风险分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(增刊1):12-20.DING Suyang,LIN Xiangning,WENG Hanli,et al.Mal-operation risk analysis on zero-sequence differential protection of converter substation during existence of recovery inrush due to fault removal[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(Supplement 1):12-20.
[7] 李晓华,张冬怡,丁晓兵,等.换流变压器和应涌流的正序二次谐波特性分析[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(13):202-207.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170522009.LI Xiaohua,ZHANG Dongyi,DING Xiaobing,et al.Analysis on positive-sequence second harmonic characteristic of sympathetic inrush current for converter transformer[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(13):202-207.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170522009.
[8] 丛伟,王伟旭,肖静,等.控制合闸电压幅值的变压器励磁涌流抑制方案[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(8):159-165.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20161014001.CONG Wei,WANG Weixu,XIAO Jing,et al.Transformer inrush current restraining scheme based on switching voltage amplitude controlling method[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(8):159-165.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20161014001.
[9] 林磊,陈川,胡鑫,等.不同故障下特高压换流变压器差动保护动作特性分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(21):123-133.LIN Lei,CHEN Chuan,HU Xin,et al.Research on the characteristics of ultra-high voltage converter transformer differential protection under the internal and external faults[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(21):123-133.
[10] 杨通贇,李晓华,戴扬宇,等.换流变励磁涌流特性分析及其抑制[J].电网与清洁能源,2017,33(1):64-70.YANG Tongyun,LI Xiaohua,DAI Yangyu,et al.Analysis on magnetizing inrush current characteristic of converter transformer and its suppression[J].Power System and Clean Energy,2017,33(1):64-70.
[11] 冯国东.一种换流变压器零序过流保护改进方案[J].电气自动化,2016,38(6):5-7.FENG Guodong.An improved scheme for zero-sequence over-current protection of converter transformers[J].Electrical Automation,2016,38(6):5-7.
[12] 翁汉琍,李雪华,鲁俊生,等.特高压换流变压器对称性涌流的生成及其对大差保护的影响[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(5):153-158.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160420005.WENG Hanli,LI Xuehua,LU Junsheng,et al.Symmetrical inrush current mechanism of ultra-high voltage converter transformer and its impact on converter connection transformer differential protection[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(5):153-158.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160420005.
[13] 毕大强,王祥珩,李德佳,等.变压器和应涌流的理论探讨[J].电力系统自动化,2005,29(6):1-8.BI Daqiang,WANG Xiangheng,LI Dejia,et al.Theory analysis of the sympathetic inrush in operating transformers[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2005,29(6):1-8.
[14] 王维俭,侯炳蕴.大型机组继电保护理论基础[M].北京:中国电力出版社,1982.WANG Weijian,HOU Bingyun.The theoretical basis of relay protection for large scale units[M].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,1982.
[15] 刘中平,陆于平,袁宇波.变压器外部故障切除后恢复性涌流的研究[J].电力系统自动化,2005,29(8):41-44.LIU Zhongping,LU Yuping,YUAN Yubo.Study of transformer recovery inrush after clearance of external faults[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2005,29(8):41-44.
[16] BAKER G L,GOLLUB J P.Chaotic dynamics:an introduction[M].Cambridge,UK:Cambridge University Press,1990.
[17] 刘世明,许志成,李森林,等.基于相空间的励磁涌流新特征分析[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(18):134-138.LIU Shiming,XU Zhicheng,LI Senlin,et al.A novel characteristic of magnetizing inrush current based on phase space[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(18):134-138.