一种新的基于特征值法的六端口自校准方法研究
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摘要
为避免传统NBS自校准算法中存在的迭代和不收敛问题,提出了一种基于矩阵特征值理论的微波六端口自校准方法,该方法只需对校准模型进行简单矩阵变化即可求得自校准矩阵,便于实现,同时计算结果准确可靠;依据该方法,采用微带电路分别设计制作了六端口电路和自校准件,并搭建了微波六端口法相位测量系统,系统测量结果表明,该自校准方法可有效修正六端口电路的非理想性,提高六端口电路的相位测量准确度。修正之后的六端口相位测量系统在0°~180°测量范围内,相位测量误差小于1.6°,并具有结构紧凑、稳定性高的特点,可广泛应用于各类接收机及频率、相位测量系统中,具有较强的推广意义。
To avoid the iterative and non-convergence problems of the traditional NBS self-calibration algorithm,a self-calibration method is proposed based on the matrix eigenvalue theory. The self-calibrated matrix can be obtained by performing a simply matrix change on the calibration model. The matrix can be easily achieved and the calculation result is accurate and reliable. According to this method,a six-port circuit and a self-calibration device are designed and realized by microstrip-circuit. A microwave six-port phase measurement system is built. The system measurement results show that the self-calibration method can effectively correct the non-ideality of the sixport circuit. The accuracy of the six-port phase measurement system is improved. The phase measurement error of the modified six-port phase measurement system is less than 1. 6° in the measurement range of 0° to 180°. The phase measurement system has the advantages of simple structure and high stability. The proposed method can be widely adopted in various receiver,frequency and phase measurement systems. It has a strong sense of promotion.
To avoid the iterative and non-convergence problems of the traditional NBS self-calibration algorithm,a self-calibration method is proposed based on the matrix eigenvalue theory. The self-calibrated matrix can be obtained by performing a simply matrix change on the calibration model. The matrix can be easily achieved and the calculation result is accurate and reliable. According to this method,a six-port circuit and a self-calibration device are designed and realized by microstrip-circuit. A microwave six-port phase measurement system is built. The system measurement results show that the self-calibration method can effectively correct the non-ideality of the sixport circuit. The accuracy of the six-port phase measurement system is improved. The phase measurement error of the modified six-port phase measurement system is less than 1. 6° in the measurement range of 0° to 180°. The phase measurement system has the advantages of simple structure and high stability. The proposed method can be widely adopted in various receiver,frequency and phase measurement systems. It has a strong sense of promotion.
引文
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[12]江鹏.Ku波段收发机射频前端的研究与设计[D].成都:电子科技大学,2016.JIANG P.Research and design on Ku band transceiver RF front-end[D].Chengdu:University of Electronic science and Technology of China,2016.
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[19]田步宁,杨德顺,唐家明,等.基于多状态技术的材料电磁参数测量系统的研制[J].仪器仪表学报,2003,24(1):40-44.TIAN B N,YANG D SH,TANG J M,et al.The development of a setup measuring the electromagnetic parameters of materials based on multi-state techniques[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2003,24(1):40-44.
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[21]王益,郭晓东,张翠翠,等.X波段高功率微波脉冲鉴相器设计与实现[J].中国测试,2017,43(6):134-139.WANG Y,GUO X D,ZHANG C C,et al.Design and implementation of X-band HPM pulsed phase discriminator[J].China Measurement&Test,2017,43(6):134-139.
[22]李少甫,王兰兰,刘聪,等.S波段微波相鉴相器系统误差校准[J].电子技术与软件工程,2013(15):142-142.LI SH F,WANG L L,LIU C,et al.Error calibration of S-band phase discriminator system[J].Electronic technology&Software engineering,2013(15):142-142.
[23]张晓发,梁睿海,薛备,等.2 GHz~8 GHz宽带微波鉴相器设计[C].全国微波毫米波会议,2011:395-397.ZHANG X F,LIANG R H,XUE B,et al.Design of a2 GHz~8 GHz broadband microwave phase discriminator[C].HPM,2011:395-397.
[24]魏一平,邢小明.X波段鉴相器的仿真与实现[C].全国微波毫米波会议,2007:998-1001.WEI Y P,XING X M.Simulation and implementation of X-band phase discriminator[C].NCMMW,2007:998-1001.
[25]LINDNER S,VINCI G,BARBON F,et al.Instantaneous frequency measurement based on low-cost six-port technology[C].IEEE Microwave Conference,2013:460-463.
[26]VINCI G,KOELPIN A,WEIGEL R.Employing six-port technology for phase-measurement-based calibration of automotive radar[C].IEEE Microwave Conference,2010:329-332.
[27]谭珂.六端口技术的研究与应[D].成都:电子科技大学,2013.TAN K.Research and application of the six-port technology[D].Chengdu:University of Electronic science and Technology of China,2013.
[28]肖龙.六端口接收机关键技术研究[D].成都:电子科技大学,2015.XIAO L.Study of the key technology about six-port receiver[D].Chengdu:University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,2015.
[29]肖清泉.六端口接收前段的设计与实现[D].成都:电子科技大学,2011.XIAO Q Q.Design and realization of six-port receiver's front[D].Chengdu:University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,2011.
[30]YANG J R,KIM D W,HONG S.A calibration method of a range finder with a six-port network[J].IEEE Microwave&Wireless Components Letters,2007,17(7):549-551.
[31]李早社,王莉,王自成,等.利用六端口网络实现行波管幅相比较测量[C].中国电子学会真空电子学分会真空技术应用学术会议,2002:19-23.LI Z SH.The phase measurement of traveling-wave tube by six-port network[C].CDSTI,2002:19-23.
[32]张贤达.矩阵分析及应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.ZHANG X D.The Analysis and Application of Matrix[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2004.
[2]ENGEN G F.Calibrating the six-port reflectometer by means of sliding terminations[J].IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,1978,26(12):951-957.
[3]HOER C A.Performance of a dual six-port automatic network analyzer[J].IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,1979,27(12):993-998.
[4]甄蜀春,鞠智芹.S波段六端口自动反射计系统[J].电子测量与仪器学报,1990,4(4):7-13.ZHEN SH CH,JU ZH Q.S-band six-port automatic reflectometer system[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,1990,4(4):7-13.
[5]袁晴晴,韦高,阮开智.高精度波导六端口测量系统校准的实现与优化[J].电子测量与仪器学报,2009,23(12):61-64.YUAN Q Q,WEI G,RUAN K ZH.Realization and optimization of calibration based on high accuracy waveguide six-port measurement system[J].Journal of Electronic Measurement and Instrument,2009,23(12):61-64.
[6]李世鹤,王智.微波六端口技术[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,1989.LI SH H,WANG ZH.Microwave Six-Port Technology[M].Beijing:Posts&Telecom Press,1989.
[7]HOER C A.Calibrating a six-port reflectometer with four impedance standards[R].Nasa Sti/recon Technical Report N,1979.
[8]彭胜,许家栋,韦高,等.六端口反射计测量复介电常数的改进方法[J].计测技术,2007,27(2):27-29.PENG SH,XU J D,GAO W,et al.An improve method for measurement of complex permittivity using six-port reflectometer[J].Metrology&Measurement Technology,2017,27(2):27-29.
[9]周宇,韦高.一种新的六端口测量系统的自校准方法[J].计测技术,2007(5):14-16.ZHOU Y,WEI G.A new self-calibration method of the six-port measurement system[J].Metrology&Measurement Technology,2007(5):14-16.
[10]许聪聪.基于六端口技术的反射计系统设计[D].成都:电子科技大学,2013.XU C C.Design of a reflectometer system based on sixport technique[D].Chengdu:University of Electronic science and Technology of China,2013.
[11]陈勤琴,王卫东.一种新的六端口接收机的校准方法[J].中国科学技术大学学报,2006,36(5):490-496.CHEN Q Q,WANG W D.Anew calibration method for six-port receivers[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology of China,2006,36(5):490-496.
[12]江鹏.Ku波段收发机射频前端的研究与设计[D].成都:电子科技大学,2016.JIANG P.Research and design on Ku band transceiver RF front-end[D].Chengdu:University of Electronic science and Technology of China,2016.
[13]欧阳伟忠.六端口测距系统射频前端研究与设计[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2014.OUYANG W ZH.Research and design of RF front-end of six-port ranging system[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2014.
[14]祁浩,汪立新,陆家明.一种宽带微波六端口结的设计[J].杭州电子科技大学学报,2016,36(2):32-36.QI H,WANG L X,LU J M.Design of broadband microwave six-port junction[J].Journal of Hangzhou Dianzi University,2016,36(2):32-36.
[15]HENTSCHEL T.The six-port as a communications receiver[J].IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory&Techniques,2005,53(3):1039-1047.
[16]SCHIEL J C,TATU S O,WU K,et al.Six-port direct digital receiver(SPDR)and standard direct receiver(SDR)results for QPSK modulation at high speeds[C].Microwave Symposium Digest,IEEE,2002:931-934.
[17]VINCI G,LINDNER S,BARBON F,et al.Six-port radar sensor for remote respiration rate and heartbeat vital-sign monitoring[J].IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory&Techniques,2013,61(5):2093-2100.
[18]王旭.六端口雷达系统系统设计和实现[D].南京:南京理工大学,2015.WANG X.Design and realization of six-port radar system[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Science&Technology,2015.
[19]田步宁,杨德顺,唐家明,等.基于多状态技术的材料电磁参数测量系统的研制[J].仪器仪表学报,2003,24(1):40-44.TIAN B N,YANG D SH,TANG J M,et al.The development of a setup measuring the electromagnetic parameters of materials based on multi-state techniques[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2003,24(1):40-44.
[20]苏勇,钮茂德,徐得名.用开口波导反射法测量材料电磁特性的新技术[J].电子测量与仪器学报,1990,4(1):7-13.SU Y,NIU M D,XU D M.Open-end waveguide reflection method for measuring complex permeability of dielectric materials[J].Journal of Electronic Measurement and Instrument,1990,4(1):7-13.
[21]王益,郭晓东,张翠翠,等.X波段高功率微波脉冲鉴相器设计与实现[J].中国测试,2017,43(6):134-139.WANG Y,GUO X D,ZHANG C C,et al.Design and implementation of X-band HPM pulsed phase discriminator[J].China Measurement&Test,2017,43(6):134-139.
[22]李少甫,王兰兰,刘聪,等.S波段微波相鉴相器系统误差校准[J].电子技术与软件工程,2013(15):142-142.LI SH F,WANG L L,LIU C,et al.Error calibration of S-band phase discriminator system[J].Electronic technology&Software engineering,2013(15):142-142.
[23]张晓发,梁睿海,薛备,等.2 GHz~8 GHz宽带微波鉴相器设计[C].全国微波毫米波会议,2011:395-397.ZHANG X F,LIANG R H,XUE B,et al.Design of a2 GHz~8 GHz broadband microwave phase discriminator[C].HPM,2011:395-397.
[24]魏一平,邢小明.X波段鉴相器的仿真与实现[C].全国微波毫米波会议,2007:998-1001.WEI Y P,XING X M.Simulation and implementation of X-band phase discriminator[C].NCMMW,2007:998-1001.
[25]LINDNER S,VINCI G,BARBON F,et al.Instantaneous frequency measurement based on low-cost six-port technology[C].IEEE Microwave Conference,2013:460-463.
[26]VINCI G,KOELPIN A,WEIGEL R.Employing six-port technology for phase-measurement-based calibration of automotive radar[C].IEEE Microwave Conference,2010:329-332.
[27]谭珂.六端口技术的研究与应[D].成都:电子科技大学,2013.TAN K.Research and application of the six-port technology[D].Chengdu:University of Electronic science and Technology of China,2013.
[28]肖龙.六端口接收机关键技术研究[D].成都:电子科技大学,2015.XIAO L.Study of the key technology about six-port receiver[D].Chengdu:University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,2015.
[29]肖清泉.六端口接收前段的设计与实现[D].成都:电子科技大学,2011.XIAO Q Q.Design and realization of six-port receiver's front[D].Chengdu:University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,2011.
[30]YANG J R,KIM D W,HONG S.A calibration method of a range finder with a six-port network[J].IEEE Microwave&Wireless Components Letters,2007,17(7):549-551.
[31]李早社,王莉,王自成,等.利用六端口网络实现行波管幅相比较测量[C].中国电子学会真空电子学分会真空技术应用学术会议,2002:19-23.LI Z SH.The phase measurement of traveling-wave tube by six-port network[C].CDSTI,2002:19-23.
[32]张贤达.矩阵分析及应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.ZHANG X D.The Analysis and Application of Matrix[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2004.