固体放射性废物水泥砂浆固定配方工程验证试验
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摘要
为完成某废物库回取、整备设施中整备车间固体废物的整备,满足车间水泥固定系统的工程应用需求,对初期实验室研究的中低放固体废物固定配方在该系统上进行200 L废物桶和2 m~3废物箱的工程验证试验,考察该配方的固化体性能,如固化过程中的温升、固化体均匀性等,并确定加料顺序和搅拌时间等工艺参数。结果表明,生产的固化体符合行业标准(EJ 1186—2005)的要求,满足国家废物运输和处置要求。
A immobilization cement-mortar formulation was studied with retrieval low and intermediate level radioactive solid waste in order to test the waste repository retrieval and conditioning facility. The engineering verification test was carried out on 200 L drums and 2 m~3 containers based on the immobilization cement-mortar formulation to make it applicable in the cement-mortar mixing workshop. The performances of the waste form were inspected, including temperature rise, uniformity of the waste form, feeding sequence and mixing time. The results show that the performances meet the standards of characterization of radioactive waste forms and packages(EJ 1186—2005) and the requirements of national waste transportation and disposal.
A immobilization cement-mortar formulation was studied with retrieval low and intermediate level radioactive solid waste in order to test the waste repository retrieval and conditioning facility. The engineering verification test was carried out on 200 L drums and 2 m~3 containers based on the immobilization cement-mortar formulation to make it applicable in the cement-mortar mixing workshop. The performances of the waste form were inspected, including temperature rise, uniformity of the waste form, feeding sequence and mixing time. The results show that the performances meet the standards of characterization of radioactive waste forms and packages(EJ 1186—2005) and the requirements of national waste transportation and disposal.
引文
[1] 顾忠茂. 核废物处理技术[M]. 北京:原子能出版社,2009:325-350.
[2] DRAPER D G. Decommissioning of nuclear facilities decommissioning planning[C]∥The Basics of Decommissioning. Vienna: IAEA, 2006.
[3] 罗上庚,张振涛,张华. 核设施与辐射设施的退役[M]. 北京:中国环境科学出版社,2010:117-145.
[4] Handing and processing of radioactive waste from nuclear applications, Technical reports series No. 402[R]. Vienna: IAEA, 2001.
[5] KASSELOURI V, TSAKIRIDIS P. A study on the hydration products of a non-expansive sulfoaluminate cement[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 1995, 25(8): 1 726-1 736.
[6] 罗上庚. 放射性废物处理与处置[M]. 北京:中国环境科学出版社,2006:103-124.
[7] 陈竹英,黄卫岚,张国清,等. 30%TBP-煤油有机废液水泥固化配方研究[J]. 原子能科学技术,1991,25(4):74-78. CHEN Zhuying, HUANG Weilan, ZHANG Guo-qing, et al. Study on the formulation of cement solidification of 30% TBP-OK organic liquid waste[J]. Atomic Energy Science and Technology, 1991, 25(4): 74-78(in Chinese).
[8] 陈百松,陈竹英,曾继述,等. 中放废液大体积浇注水泥固化配方研究[J]. 辐射防护,1989,9(2):110-114. CHEN Baisong, ZHEN Zhuying, ZENG Jishu, et al. Study on formulation of large volume cementation for intermediate level liquid radwaste[J]. Radiation Protection, 1989, 9(2): 110-114(in Chinese).
[9] 罗林. 水泥固定系统水泥灰浆配方研究及现场验证[J]. 核环保工程,2009,1(1):1-5. LUO Lin. Formulation study and salidation of cement mortar for cement solidification system[J]. Nuclear Environmental Protection Project, 2009, 1(1): 1-5(in Chinese).
[10] 美国能源部. 美国核退役手册(1994)[M]. 王盛世,薛维明,译. 北京:核科学技术情报研究所,1996.
[11] 欧洲原子能共同体. 核设施退役手册(1995)[M]. 吴春喜,陈永华,译. 北京:核科学技术情报研究所,1998.
[12] 赵铁军,朱金铨,冯乃谦. 高性能混凝土的强度与渗透性的关系[J]. 工业建筑,1997(5):14-17. ZHAO Tiejun, ZHU Jinquan, FENG Naiqian. Correlation between strength and permeability of concrete[J]. Industrial Construction, 1997(5): 14-17(in Chinese).
[13] 杨志强,李爱霞,张瑞生. 水灰比和养护温度对硬化水泥浆体渗透性的影响[J]. 山东科技大学学报,2002,21(2):94-96. YANG Zhiqiang, LI Aixia, ZHANG Ruisheng. The effect of W/C ratio and curing temperature on the permeability of hardened cement paste[J]. Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology, 2002, 21(2): 94-96(in Chinese).
[14] 冷发光,冯乃谦. 高性能混凝土渗透性和耐久性及评价方法研究[J]. 低温建筑技术,2000(4):14-16. LENG Faguang, FENG Naiqian. Permeability and durability of high performance concrete[J]. Low Temperature Architecture Technology, 2000(4): 14-16(in Chinese).
[15] 杨华全,覃理利,董维佳. 掺粉煤灰和高效减水剂对水泥水化热的影响[J]. 混凝土,2001(12):9-12. YANG Huaquan, QIN Lili, DONG Weijia. Influence of fly ash and superplasticizer on the heat of hydraion in cement[J]. Concrete, 2001(12): 9-12(in Chinese).
[16] SURYAVANSHI A K, SCANTLEBURY J D, LYON S B. Mechanism of Friedel’s salt formation in cements rich in tri-calcium aluminate[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 1996, 26(5): 717-727.
[17] KASSELOURI V, TSAKIRIDIS P. A study on the hydration products of a non-expansive sulfoaluminate cement[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 1995, 25(8): 1 726-1 736.
[18] EJ 1186—2005 放射性废物体和废物包的特性鉴定[S]. 北京:国防科学技术工业委员会,2005.
[19] 郑佐西,张怡,朱新研,等. 固体放射性废物水泥砂浆固定配方:中国,201310566957.8[P]. 2015-09-30.
[20] HEARN N, MILLS R H. A simple premeameter for water or gas flow[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 1991, 21(2-3): 257-261.
[2] DRAPER D G. Decommissioning of nuclear facilities decommissioning planning[C]∥The Basics of Decommissioning. Vienna: IAEA, 2006.
[3] 罗上庚,张振涛,张华. 核设施与辐射设施的退役[M]. 北京:中国环境科学出版社,2010:117-145.
[4] Handing and processing of radioactive waste from nuclear applications, Technical reports series No. 402[R]. Vienna: IAEA, 2001.
[5] KASSELOURI V, TSAKIRIDIS P. A study on the hydration products of a non-expansive sulfoaluminate cement[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 1995, 25(8): 1 726-1 736.
[6] 罗上庚. 放射性废物处理与处置[M]. 北京:中国环境科学出版社,2006:103-124.
[7] 陈竹英,黄卫岚,张国清,等. 30%TBP-煤油有机废液水泥固化配方研究[J]. 原子能科学技术,1991,25(4):74-78. CHEN Zhuying, HUANG Weilan, ZHANG Guo-qing, et al. Study on the formulation of cement solidification of 30% TBP-OK organic liquid waste[J]. Atomic Energy Science and Technology, 1991, 25(4): 74-78(in Chinese).
[8] 陈百松,陈竹英,曾继述,等. 中放废液大体积浇注水泥固化配方研究[J]. 辐射防护,1989,9(2):110-114. CHEN Baisong, ZHEN Zhuying, ZENG Jishu, et al. Study on formulation of large volume cementation for intermediate level liquid radwaste[J]. Radiation Protection, 1989, 9(2): 110-114(in Chinese).
[9] 罗林. 水泥固定系统水泥灰浆配方研究及现场验证[J]. 核环保工程,2009,1(1):1-5. LUO Lin. Formulation study and salidation of cement mortar for cement solidification system[J]. Nuclear Environmental Protection Project, 2009, 1(1): 1-5(in Chinese).
[10] 美国能源部. 美国核退役手册(1994)[M]. 王盛世,薛维明,译. 北京:核科学技术情报研究所,1996.
[11] 欧洲原子能共同体. 核设施退役手册(1995)[M]. 吴春喜,陈永华,译. 北京:核科学技术情报研究所,1998.
[12] 赵铁军,朱金铨,冯乃谦. 高性能混凝土的强度与渗透性的关系[J]. 工业建筑,1997(5):14-17. ZHAO Tiejun, ZHU Jinquan, FENG Naiqian. Correlation between strength and permeability of concrete[J]. Industrial Construction, 1997(5): 14-17(in Chinese).
[13] 杨志强,李爱霞,张瑞生. 水灰比和养护温度对硬化水泥浆体渗透性的影响[J]. 山东科技大学学报,2002,21(2):94-96. YANG Zhiqiang, LI Aixia, ZHANG Ruisheng. The effect of W/C ratio and curing temperature on the permeability of hardened cement paste[J]. Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology, 2002, 21(2): 94-96(in Chinese).
[14] 冷发光,冯乃谦. 高性能混凝土渗透性和耐久性及评价方法研究[J]. 低温建筑技术,2000(4):14-16. LENG Faguang, FENG Naiqian. Permeability and durability of high performance concrete[J]. Low Temperature Architecture Technology, 2000(4): 14-16(in Chinese).
[15] 杨华全,覃理利,董维佳. 掺粉煤灰和高效减水剂对水泥水化热的影响[J]. 混凝土,2001(12):9-12. YANG Huaquan, QIN Lili, DONG Weijia. Influence of fly ash and superplasticizer on the heat of hydraion in cement[J]. Concrete, 2001(12): 9-12(in Chinese).
[16] SURYAVANSHI A K, SCANTLEBURY J D, LYON S B. Mechanism of Friedel’s salt formation in cements rich in tri-calcium aluminate[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 1996, 26(5): 717-727.
[17] KASSELOURI V, TSAKIRIDIS P. A study on the hydration products of a non-expansive sulfoaluminate cement[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 1995, 25(8): 1 726-1 736.
[18] EJ 1186—2005 放射性废物体和废物包的特性鉴定[S]. 北京:国防科学技术工业委员会,2005.
[19] 郑佐西,张怡,朱新研,等. 固体放射性废物水泥砂浆固定配方:中国,201310566957.8[P]. 2015-09-30.
[20] HEARN N, MILLS R H. A simple premeameter for water or gas flow[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 1991, 21(2-3): 257-261.