论中国哲学体用关系的发展历程
|
摘要
体用关系的发展历程展现了中国传统本体论思维的形成和进展。从先秦至魏晋,中国哲学逐渐形成了朴素的体用思维。"道"与"器"之间呈现出一种"体用相即"的关系,表现为本体与现象的相即相离,二者并没有实现绝对统一。程朱道学受到中国佛教圆融思想的影响,形成了"体用一源"的本体论架构,并展现出一种超越思辨的形式。阳明、熊十力等人将本心作为万物所从出的精神根源,打通本体界与现象界,使体用之间实现了彻底的圆融无碍,形成以"体用不二"为特征的具有反思性和超越性的真心本体论。从体用关系的转变过程中,可以看到中国哲学的本体论思维不断走向成熟。
The development process of the noumenon-phenomenon relationship reflects the formation and progress of traditional Chinese ontological thinking. From Pre-Qin dynasty to Wei and Jin dynasties, Chinese philosophy has gradually formed the simple noumenon-phenomenon thinking. The relationship between "dao" and "qi" presents a relationship of "noumenon and phenomenon approaching to each other", but shows that noumenon and phenomenon approach to or separate from each other, thus they have not realized the absolute unity. Influenced by Chinese Buddhist thought of "harmony", Cheng and Zhu's Neo-Confucianism forms the ontological framework of "noumenon and phenomenon having the same source", and shows a form of transcendence and reflection. Yang Ming and Xiong Shili treat conscience as the spiritual root of all things on earth, overstep the limits between noumenon and phenomenon, realize the complete harmony between noumenon and phenomenon and form the reflective and transcendent ontology of conscience with the characteristic of "noumenon being phenomenon and phenomenon being noumenon". From the transformation process of the relationship between noumenon and phenomenon, we could see that the ontological thinking of Chinese philosophy is becoming more and more mature.
The development process of the noumenon-phenomenon relationship reflects the formation and progress of traditional Chinese ontological thinking. From Pre-Qin dynasty to Wei and Jin dynasties, Chinese philosophy has gradually formed the simple noumenon-phenomenon thinking. The relationship between "dao" and "qi" presents a relationship of "noumenon and phenomenon approaching to each other", but shows that noumenon and phenomenon approach to or separate from each other, thus they have not realized the absolute unity. Influenced by Chinese Buddhist thought of "harmony", Cheng and Zhu's Neo-Confucianism forms the ontological framework of "noumenon and phenomenon having the same source", and shows a form of transcendence and reflection. Yang Ming and Xiong Shili treat conscience as the spiritual root of all things on earth, overstep the limits between noumenon and phenomenon, realize the complete harmony between noumenon and phenomenon and form the reflective and transcendent ontology of conscience with the characteristic of "noumenon being phenomenon and phenomenon being noumenon". From the transformation process of the relationship between noumenon and phenomenon, we could see that the ontological thinking of Chinese philosophy is becoming more and more mature.
引文
[1]方克立.论中国哲学中的体用范畴[J].中国社会科学,1984(5):185-202.
[2]沈顺福.体用论与传统儒家形而上学[J].哲学研究,2016(7):40-47.
[3]俞孟宣.本体论研究[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1999:16.
[4]唐君毅.中国哲学原论:原道篇[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2006:23-24.
[5]张岱年.中国哲学大纲[M].北京:商务印书馆,2015:74.
[6]沟口雄三.中国的思维世界[M].北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,2014:66.
[7]杨国荣.哲学的视域[M].北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,2014:170.
[8]汤用彤.魏晋玄学论稿[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2005:68.
[9]李晓春.王弼“体用论”述真[J].兰州大学学报(社会科学版),2010(4):12-17.
[10]吴学国.关于中国哲学的生命性[J].哲学研究,2007(1):32-36.
[11]印顺.印度之佛教[M].北京:中华书局,2011:5.
[12]侯外庐等.宋明理学史(上)[M].北京:人民出版社,1984:138.
[13]钱穆.宋明理学概述[M].台北:台湾学生书局,1977:163.
[14]陈来.宋明理学[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,2004:75.
[15]陈来.熊十力哲学的体用论[J].哲学研究,1986(1):36-42.
[16]熊十力.熊十力全集:第六卷[M].武汉:湖北教育出版社,2001:27.
[17]熊十力.熊十力全集:第二卷[M].武汉:湖北教育出版社,2001:11.
[18]熊十力.熊十力全集:第七卷[M].武汉:湖北教育出版社,2001.
[19]熊十力.熊十力全集:第四卷[M].武汉:湖北教育出版社,2001:221.
[2]沈顺福.体用论与传统儒家形而上学[J].哲学研究,2016(7):40-47.
[3]俞孟宣.本体论研究[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1999:16.
[4]唐君毅.中国哲学原论:原道篇[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2006:23-24.
[5]张岱年.中国哲学大纲[M].北京:商务印书馆,2015:74.
[6]沟口雄三.中国的思维世界[M].北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,2014:66.
[7]杨国荣.哲学的视域[M].北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,2014:170.
[8]汤用彤.魏晋玄学论稿[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2005:68.
[9]李晓春.王弼“体用论”述真[J].兰州大学学报(社会科学版),2010(4):12-17.
[10]吴学国.关于中国哲学的生命性[J].哲学研究,2007(1):32-36.
[11]印顺.印度之佛教[M].北京:中华书局,2011:5.
[12]侯外庐等.宋明理学史(上)[M].北京:人民出版社,1984:138.
[13]钱穆.宋明理学概述[M].台北:台湾学生书局,1977:163.
[14]陈来.宋明理学[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,2004:75.
[15]陈来.熊十力哲学的体用论[J].哲学研究,1986(1):36-42.
[16]熊十力.熊十力全集:第六卷[M].武汉:湖北教育出版社,2001:27.
[17]熊十力.熊十力全集:第二卷[M].武汉:湖北教育出版社,2001:11.
[18]熊十力.熊十力全集:第七卷[M].武汉:湖北教育出版社,2001.
[19]熊十力.熊十力全集:第四卷[M].武汉:湖北教育出版社,2001:221.