含横向节理的柱状节理岩体力学特性试验研究
|
摘要
针对柱状节理岩体的构造特性,采用水泥砂浆等材料制作出具有不同柱体倾角且含有横向节理分布的柱状节理岩体模型,并通过单轴压缩试验,研究柱体倾角和横向节理对岩体各向异性力学特性及破坏机制的影响。结果表明:试样峰值强度和变形模量随柱体倾角变化曲线均近似为U形,并体现出典型的各向异性特征;随着柱体倾角的变化,试样单轴压缩破坏模式可分为垂直于柱体轴向的劈裂破坏、沿纵向节理面的剪切滑移破坏、滑移破坏与劈裂破坏同时发生的复合破坏和平行于柱体轴向的劈裂破坏4类;横向节理的存在降低了柱状节理岩体沿柱轴方向的完整性,并影响了劈裂破坏裂纹的分布与扩展,因此,横向节理切割柱体是影响柱状节理岩体承载能力的重要因素。
Based on the geological structure of columnar jointed rock mass, artificial columnar jointed rock mass specimens with different column dip angles and transverse joints were made of cement mortar. Uniaxial compression tests were carried out to investigate the effect of dip angles and transverse joints on mechanical behaviour and failure modes. The results showed that the shape of various curves of deformation modulus and peak strength with dip angles were similar to the letter "U" which indicated significant anisotropy. With the dip angles changed, the failure modes of columnar jointed rock mass under uniaxial compression would be different. Four typical failure modes were summarised, i.e., the splitting failure orthogonal to column axis, shear-sliding failure, comprehensive failure of splitting and shear-sliding, splitting failure along the column axis. Since the transverse joints cut off columns, the integrity of rock mass was reduced along the axial direction, which influenced the distribution and coalescence of splitting fracture. Thus, the bearing capacity of columnar jointed rock mass was largely affected by the transverse joints.
Based on the geological structure of columnar jointed rock mass, artificial columnar jointed rock mass specimens with different column dip angles and transverse joints were made of cement mortar. Uniaxial compression tests were carried out to investigate the effect of dip angles and transverse joints on mechanical behaviour and failure modes. The results showed that the shape of various curves of deformation modulus and peak strength with dip angles were similar to the letter "U" which indicated significant anisotropy. With the dip angles changed, the failure modes of columnar jointed rock mass under uniaxial compression would be different. Four typical failure modes were summarised, i.e., the splitting failure orthogonal to column axis, shear-sliding failure, comprehensive failure of splitting and shear-sliding, splitting failure along the column axis. Since the transverse joints cut off columns, the integrity of rock mass was reduced along the axial direction, which influenced the distribution and coalescence of splitting fracture. Thus, the bearing capacity of columnar jointed rock mass was largely affected by the transverse joints.
引文
[1]JI Hua,ZHANG Jiu-chang,XU Wei-ya,et al.Experimental investigation of the anisotropic mechanical properties of a columnar jointed rock mass:Observations from laboratory-based physical modelling[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2017,50(7):1919-1931.
[2]JIANG Quan,FENG Xia-ting,HATZOR Y H,et al.Mechanical anisotropy of columnar jointed basalts:An example from the Baihetan hydropower station,China[J].Engineering Geology,2014,175(3):35-45.
[3]江权,冯夏庭,樊义林,等.柱状节理玄武岩各向异性特性的调查与试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(12):2527-2535.JIANG Quan,FENG Xia-ting,FAN Yi-lin,et al.Survey and laboratory study of anisotropic properties for columnar jointed basaltic rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(12):2527-2535.
[4]PECK D L,MINAKAMI T.The formation of columnar joints in the upper part of Kilauean Lava Lakes,Hawaii[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1968,79(9):1151.
[5]KANTHA L H.Basalt fingers-origin of columnar joints[J].Geological Magazine,1981,118(3):251-264.
[6]徐松年.火山岩柱状节理构造研究[M].杭州:杭州大学出版社,1995.XU Song-nian.Study on the columnar joint structure of volcanic rocks[M].Hangzhou:Hangzhou University Press,1995.
[7]徐松年.玄武岩双层柱状节理的形态特征及其形成机制的探讨[J].地质论评,1980,26(6):510-515.XU Song-nian.Discussion on the morphological characteristics and formation mechanism of two-layer columnar joint[J].Geological Review,1980,26(6):510-515.
[8]徐松年.玄武岩柱状节理构造研究的进展与动向[J].地质科技情报,1986,5(3):16-23.XU Song-nian.Study and development trend of columnar basalt joint structure[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,1986,5(3):16-23.
[9]MüLLER G.Experimental simulation of basalt columns[J].Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research,1998,86(1-4):93-96.
[10]MüLLER G.Starch columns:Analog model for basalt columns[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth,1998,103(B7):15239-15253.
[11]徐卫亚,郑文棠,宁宇,等.柱状节理坝基岩体三维各向异性数值分析[J].岩土力学,2010,31(3):949-955.XU Wei-ya,ZHENG Wen-tang,NING Yu,et al.3Danisotropic numerical analysis of rock mass with columnar joints for dam foundation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(3):949-955.
[12]闫东旭,徐卫亚,王伟,等.柱状节理岩体宏观等效特性模量尺寸效应研究[J].岩土工程学报,2012,34(2):243-250.YAN Dong-xu,XU Wei-ya,WANG Wei,et al.Research of size effect on equivalent elastic modulus of columnar jointed rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2012,34(2):243-250.
[13]狄圣杰,徐卫亚,王伟,等.柱状节理岩体原位变形试验力学浅析与模拟[J].岩土力学,2012,33(2):501-508.DI Sheng-jie,XU Wei-ya,WANG Wei,et al.Mechanical analysis and simulation of in-situ deformation test of columnar jointed rock mass[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(2):501-508.
[14]狄圣杰,徐卫亚,单治钢.节理岩体各向异性等效弹性参数研究[J].岩土力学,2013,34(3):696-702.DI Sheng-jie,XU Wei-ya,SHAN Zhi-gang.Study of anisotropic equivalent elastic parameters of jointed rock mass[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(3):696-702.
[15]中国水电顾问集团华东勘测设计研究院.金沙江白鹤滩水电站柱状节理玄武岩工程地质研究报告[R].杭州:中国水电顾问集团华东勘测设计研究院,2006.East China Investigation and Design Institute,China Hydropower Engineering Consulting Group Co.Engineering geology research report on columnar jointed basalt at Baihetan hydropower station on jinsha river[R].Hangzhou:East China Investigation and Design Institute,China Hydropower Engineering Consulting Group Co.,2006.
[16]刘海宁,王俊梅,王思敬.白鹤滩柱状节理岩体真三轴模型试验研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(增刊1):163-171.LIU Hai-ning,WANG Jun-mei,WANG Si-jing.Experimental research of columnar jointed basalt with true triaxial apparatus at Baihetan Hydropower station[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(Supp.1):163-171.
[17]LIN Zhi-nan,XU Wei-ya,WANG Huan-ling,et al.Anisotropic characteristic of irregular columnar-jointed rock mass based on physical model test[J].Ksce Journal of Civil Engineering,2017,21(5):1728-1734.
[18]肖维民,邓荣贵,付小敏,等.单轴压缩条件下柱状节理岩体变形和强度各向异性模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(5):957-963.XIAO Wei-min,DENG Rong-gui,FU Xiao-min,et al.Model experiments on deformation and strength anisotropy of columnar jointed rock masses under uniaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(5):957-963.
[19]XIAO Wei-min,DENG Rong-gui,ZHONG Zhi-bin,et al.Experimental study on the mechanical properties of simulated columnar jointed rock masses[J].Journal of Geophysics and Engineering,2015,12(1):80-89.
[20]狄圣杰.柱状节理岩体各向异性特性及模型研究[D].南京:河海大学,2012.DI Sheng-jie.Study on anisotropic mechanical properties and model of columnar jointed rock mass[D].Nanjing:Hohai University,2012.
[21]SINGH J,RAMAMURTHY T,VENKATAPPA R G.Strength anisotropies in rocks[J].Indian Geotechnical Journal,1989,19(2):147-166.
[22]张学民.岩石材料各向异性特征及其对隧道围岩稳定性影响研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2007.ZHANG Xue-min.The anisotropic properties of rock materials and the effect on the stability of the tunnel surrounding rock[D].Changsha:Central South University,2007.
[2]JIANG Quan,FENG Xia-ting,HATZOR Y H,et al.Mechanical anisotropy of columnar jointed basalts:An example from the Baihetan hydropower station,China[J].Engineering Geology,2014,175(3):35-45.
[3]江权,冯夏庭,樊义林,等.柱状节理玄武岩各向异性特性的调查与试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(12):2527-2535.JIANG Quan,FENG Xia-ting,FAN Yi-lin,et al.Survey and laboratory study of anisotropic properties for columnar jointed basaltic rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(12):2527-2535.
[4]PECK D L,MINAKAMI T.The formation of columnar joints in the upper part of Kilauean Lava Lakes,Hawaii[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1968,79(9):1151.
[5]KANTHA L H.Basalt fingers-origin of columnar joints[J].Geological Magazine,1981,118(3):251-264.
[6]徐松年.火山岩柱状节理构造研究[M].杭州:杭州大学出版社,1995.XU Song-nian.Study on the columnar joint structure of volcanic rocks[M].Hangzhou:Hangzhou University Press,1995.
[7]徐松年.玄武岩双层柱状节理的形态特征及其形成机制的探讨[J].地质论评,1980,26(6):510-515.XU Song-nian.Discussion on the morphological characteristics and formation mechanism of two-layer columnar joint[J].Geological Review,1980,26(6):510-515.
[8]徐松年.玄武岩柱状节理构造研究的进展与动向[J].地质科技情报,1986,5(3):16-23.XU Song-nian.Study and development trend of columnar basalt joint structure[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,1986,5(3):16-23.
[9]MüLLER G.Experimental simulation of basalt columns[J].Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research,1998,86(1-4):93-96.
[10]MüLLER G.Starch columns:Analog model for basalt columns[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth,1998,103(B7):15239-15253.
[11]徐卫亚,郑文棠,宁宇,等.柱状节理坝基岩体三维各向异性数值分析[J].岩土力学,2010,31(3):949-955.XU Wei-ya,ZHENG Wen-tang,NING Yu,et al.3Danisotropic numerical analysis of rock mass with columnar joints for dam foundation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(3):949-955.
[12]闫东旭,徐卫亚,王伟,等.柱状节理岩体宏观等效特性模量尺寸效应研究[J].岩土工程学报,2012,34(2):243-250.YAN Dong-xu,XU Wei-ya,WANG Wei,et al.Research of size effect on equivalent elastic modulus of columnar jointed rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2012,34(2):243-250.
[13]狄圣杰,徐卫亚,王伟,等.柱状节理岩体原位变形试验力学浅析与模拟[J].岩土力学,2012,33(2):501-508.DI Sheng-jie,XU Wei-ya,WANG Wei,et al.Mechanical analysis and simulation of in-situ deformation test of columnar jointed rock mass[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(2):501-508.
[14]狄圣杰,徐卫亚,单治钢.节理岩体各向异性等效弹性参数研究[J].岩土力学,2013,34(3):696-702.DI Sheng-jie,XU Wei-ya,SHAN Zhi-gang.Study of anisotropic equivalent elastic parameters of jointed rock mass[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(3):696-702.
[15]中国水电顾问集团华东勘测设计研究院.金沙江白鹤滩水电站柱状节理玄武岩工程地质研究报告[R].杭州:中国水电顾问集团华东勘测设计研究院,2006.East China Investigation and Design Institute,China Hydropower Engineering Consulting Group Co.Engineering geology research report on columnar jointed basalt at Baihetan hydropower station on jinsha river[R].Hangzhou:East China Investigation and Design Institute,China Hydropower Engineering Consulting Group Co.,2006.
[16]刘海宁,王俊梅,王思敬.白鹤滩柱状节理岩体真三轴模型试验研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(增刊1):163-171.LIU Hai-ning,WANG Jun-mei,WANG Si-jing.Experimental research of columnar jointed basalt with true triaxial apparatus at Baihetan Hydropower station[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(Supp.1):163-171.
[17]LIN Zhi-nan,XU Wei-ya,WANG Huan-ling,et al.Anisotropic characteristic of irregular columnar-jointed rock mass based on physical model test[J].Ksce Journal of Civil Engineering,2017,21(5):1728-1734.
[18]肖维民,邓荣贵,付小敏,等.单轴压缩条件下柱状节理岩体变形和强度各向异性模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(5):957-963.XIAO Wei-min,DENG Rong-gui,FU Xiao-min,et al.Model experiments on deformation and strength anisotropy of columnar jointed rock masses under uniaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(5):957-963.
[19]XIAO Wei-min,DENG Rong-gui,ZHONG Zhi-bin,et al.Experimental study on the mechanical properties of simulated columnar jointed rock masses[J].Journal of Geophysics and Engineering,2015,12(1):80-89.
[20]狄圣杰.柱状节理岩体各向异性特性及模型研究[D].南京:河海大学,2012.DI Sheng-jie.Study on anisotropic mechanical properties and model of columnar jointed rock mass[D].Nanjing:Hohai University,2012.
[21]SINGH J,RAMAMURTHY T,VENKATAPPA R G.Strength anisotropies in rocks[J].Indian Geotechnical Journal,1989,19(2):147-166.
[22]张学民.岩石材料各向异性特征及其对隧道围岩稳定性影响研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2007.ZHANG Xue-min.The anisotropic properties of rock materials and the effect on the stability of the tunnel surrounding rock[D].Changsha:Central South University,2007.