同源动量构式中单音节动词的名词化
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摘要
长期以来,现代汉语词类研究中关于动词和名词划界的争议集中在双音节动词,而关于单音节动词的认识是统一的,即它们无法发生名词化。这一观点实际上没有得到语言事实的支持,也没有理论根据。语料库调查表明,单音节动词中的动作动词在同源动量构式中可以发生名词化,其作用是实现动作的指称与量化。这一认识在认知语法理论内部是自洽的,同时也符合汉语的语言事实和汉语母语者的语言直觉。
Researchers of word classes in Chinese have long been divided on the demarcation of nouns and verbs in Chinese, especially on the status of disyllabic verbs. By contrast, there has been a consensus on monosyllabic verbs, namely, they cannot be nominalized. However, this consensus lacks both theoretical grounding and empirical support. Our corpus-based survey indicates that monosyllabic action verbs can be nominalized in cognate verb classifier constructions to fulfill the semantic functions of reference and quantification. It is self-consistent to consider them instances of nominalization from the perspective of Cognitive Grammar. Besides, this argument conforms to the facts of Chinese and native speakers' intutition.
Researchers of word classes in Chinese have long been divided on the demarcation of nouns and verbs in Chinese, especially on the status of disyllabic verbs. By contrast, there has been a consensus on monosyllabic verbs, namely, they cannot be nominalized. However, this consensus lacks both theoretical grounding and empirical support. Our corpus-based survey indicates that monosyllabic action verbs can be nominalized in cognate verb classifier constructions to fulfill the semantic functions of reference and quantification. It is self-consistent to consider them instances of nominalization from the perspective of Cognitive Grammar. Besides, this argument conforms to the facts of Chinese and native speakers' intutition.
引文
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[2]高航.概念物化与名词化[J].解放军外国语学院学报,2007,(6).
[3]高航.认知语法视角下的汉语兼类问题考察[J].汉语学习,2009a,(2).
[4]高航.认知语法与汉语转类问题[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,2009b.
[5]高航.现代汉语单音节动词的名词化:基于语料库的研究[J].北京航空航天大学学报(社会科学版),2017,(2).
[6]刘世儒.魏晋南北朝量词研究[M].北京:中华书局,1965.
[7]陆丙甫.汉、英主要“事件名词”的意义特征[J].当代语言学,2012,(1).
[8]陆俭明.汉语词类的特点到底是什么?[J].汉语学报,2015,(3).
[9]吕叔湘.语法学习[M].北京:中国青年出版社,1953.
[10]潘国英.汉语动词重叠的历史研究[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2015.
[11]潘文国.英汉对比与翻译(第二辑)[C].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2014.
[12]邵敬敏.动量词的语义分析及其与动词的选择关系[J].中国语文,1996,(2).
[13]沈家煊.汉语里的名词和动词[J].汉藏语学报,2007,(1).
[14]沈家煊.名词和动词[M].北京:商务印书馆,2016.
[15]沈家煊.从语言看中西方的范畴观[J].中国社会科学,2017,(3).
[16]王冬梅.现代汉语名动互转的认知研究[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2010.
[17]王仁强.现代汉语词类体系效度研究--以《现代汉语词典》(第5版)词类体系为例[J].外语教学与研究,2010,(5).
[18]吴怀成.单音节动词的类事件指称化[J].海外华文教育,2011,(4).
[19]邢福义.“很淑女”之类说法语言文化背景的思考[J].语言研究,1997,(2).
[20]张斌.现代汉语描写语法[M].北京:商务印书馆,2010.
[21]张赪.现代汉语“V一V”式和“VV”式的来源[J].语言教学与研究,2000,(4).
[22]张凤,高航.词类的认知语法视角[J].中国外语,2008,(5).
[23]张国宪.单双音节动词充当句法成分功能差异考察[J].淮北煤师院学报(社会科学版),1989,(3).
[24]张国宪.现代汉语动词认知与研究[M].上海:学林出版社,2016.
[25]张韧.关于词类本质的一个动态认知视角[J].当代语言学,2009,(3).
[26]朱德熙,卢甲文,马真.关于动词形容词“名物化”的问题[J].北京大学学报,1961,(4).
[27]Langacker,Ronald W.Foundations of Cognitive Grammar.Vol.I:Theoretical Prerequisites[M].Stanford:Stanford University Press,1987.
[28]Langacker,Ronald W.Foundations of Cognitive Grammar.Vol.II:Descriptive Application[M].Stanford:Stanford University Press,1991.
[29]Langacker,Ronald W.A Dynamic Usage-based Model[A].Edited by Michael Barlow and Suzanne Kemmer.Usage-based Models of Language[C].Stanford:CSLI,2000.
[30]Langacker,Ronald W.Cognitive Grammar:A Basic Introduction[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,2008.
[31]Langacker,Ronald W.Constructions and Constructional meaning[A].Edited by Vyvyan Evans and Stéphanie Pourcel.New Directions in Cognitive Linguistics[C].Amsterdam:John Benjamins,2009.
[32]Langacker,Ronald W.On grammatical categories[J].外文研究,2013,(4).