基于生态价值的幕府山采矿废弃地修复效果评估
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摘要
南京幕府山停止采矿后,在10 a间经历了10期和两个专项的生态修复工程。为了解生态修复效果,在对幕府山野外调查采样和遥感数据分析的基础上,遵循生态学原理,对比了幕府山生态修复初期和修复后的生态服务价值量,并进行了可视化处理。结果表明:生态修复工程共创造生态服务价值4 465.17万元,其中,大气层、土壤层、植被层和枯落物层创造出的价值量分别为4 003.71万元、287.62万元、171.66万元和2.18万元。经生态修复,幕府山的生态环境得到显著改善,但不同修复工程的修复效果存在差异;稳定的生态修复效果有待时间的积累,需长期监测采矿废弃地生态修复工程区的生态演替,严格保护生态修复的成果。
After stopping mining, the mining lands had experienced 10 periods and 2 special ecological restoration projects during ten years in Mufushan Mountain of Nanjing. Based on sampling and analyzing remote sensing data in Mufushan Mountain, the index values between the early stage of restoration and the final period of restoration were calculated following the principle of ecology. Then, the Kriging method and spatial overlay function in ArcGIS were used to examine the spatial distribution of ecological restoration values in Mufushan Mountain. The results showed that the ecological restoration projects had created ecosystem values worth of 44.65 million yuan, in which the values created by the atmosphere, soil layer, vegetation layer and litter layer were 40.037 1 million yuan, 2.876 2 million yuan, 1.716 6 million yuan and 21 800 yuan, respectively. After the ecological restoration, the ecological environment of Mufushan Mountain was significantly improved. The recovery effects of ecological restoration projects existed difference. Meanwhile, the stable ecological restoration effects in Mufushan Mountain will be revealed after a period. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the ecological succession in the ecological restoration area of the abandoned mining area and strictly protect the results of ecological restoration.
After stopping mining, the mining lands had experienced 10 periods and 2 special ecological restoration projects during ten years in Mufushan Mountain of Nanjing. Based on sampling and analyzing remote sensing data in Mufushan Mountain, the index values between the early stage of restoration and the final period of restoration were calculated following the principle of ecology. Then, the Kriging method and spatial overlay function in ArcGIS were used to examine the spatial distribution of ecological restoration values in Mufushan Mountain. The results showed that the ecological restoration projects had created ecosystem values worth of 44.65 million yuan, in which the values created by the atmosphere, soil layer, vegetation layer and litter layer were 40.037 1 million yuan, 2.876 2 million yuan, 1.716 6 million yuan and 21 800 yuan, respectively. After the ecological restoration, the ecological environment of Mufushan Mountain was significantly improved. The recovery effects of ecological restoration projects existed difference. Meanwhile, the stable ecological restoration effects in Mufushan Mountain will be revealed after a period. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the ecological succession in the ecological restoration area of the abandoned mining area and strictly protect the results of ecological restoration.
引文
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[2]张文岚.平朔矿区采矿废弃地生态恢复评价研究[D].济南:山东师范大学,2011.
[3]Teas H J. Ecology and restoration of mangrove shorelines in florida[J]. Environmental Conservation, 1977,4(1):51-58.
[4]Urbanska K M, Webb N R, Edwards P J. Restoration Ecology and Sustainable Development[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
[5]Ruiz-Jaen M C, Aide M T. Restoration success: how is it being measured[J]. Restoration Ecology, 2010,13(3):569-577.
[6]Society for Ecological Restoration. Society for ecological restoration international′s primer of ecological restoration[EB/OL]. [2018-02-04]. https://www.ser.org/.
[7]Mitani Y, Shoji Y, Kuriyama K. Estimating economic values of vegetation restoration with choice experiments: a case study of an endangered species in Lake Kasumigaura, Japan[J]. Landscape & Ecological Engineering, 2008,4(2):103-113.
[8]Birch J C, Newton A C, Aquino C A, et al. Cost-effectiveness of dryland forest restoration evaluated by spatial analysis of ecosystem services[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2010, 107(50):21925-21930.
[9]Josh Dorrough, Vesk P A, Moll J. Integrating ecological uncertainty and farm-scale economics when planning restoration[J]. Journal of Applied Ecology, 2010, 45(1):288-295.
[10]Daily G C. Nature′s services: societal dependence on natural ecosystems[J]. Corporate Environmental Strategy, 1997,6(2):220-221.
[11]Costanza R, Arge R D, Groot R D, et al. The value of the world′s ecosystem services and natural capital[J]. World Environment, 1997,387(1):3-15.
[12]Sub-Global Assessment Selection Working Group of the MA. Millennium ecosystem assessment Sub-Global component: purpose, structure and Protocols[EB/OL]. [2018-02-04]. http://www. millenniumassessment. org.
[13]Badola R, Hussain S A. Valuing ecosystem functions:an empirical study on the storm protection function of Bhitarkanika Mangrove Ecosystem, in India[J]. Environmental Conservation, 2005,32(1):85-92.
[14]Glicksman R L, Thoko K. A comparative analysis of accountability mechanisms for ecosystem services markets in the United States and the European Union[J]. Transnational Environmental Law, 2013,2(2):259-283.
[15]Duru M, Jouany C, Le R X, et al. From a conceptual framework to an operational approach for managing grassland functional diversity to obtain targeted ecosystem services: case studies from French mountains[J]. Renewable Agriculture & Food Systems, 2014,29(3):239-254.
[16]朱德华,蒋德明,朱丽辉.恢复生态学及其发展历程[J].辽宁林业科技,2005(5):48-50.
[17]姜建国,姚汝华.水体修复生态学[J].环境,1997(8):35-36.
[18]喻理飞,朱守谦,祝小科,等.退化喀斯特森林恢复评价与修复技术[J].贵州科学,2002,20(1):7-13.
[19]严登华,何岩,邓伟,等.满洲里市景观生态修复与重建[J].土壤与环境,2000,9(3):193-196.
[20]周京.大连石灰石矿矿坑边坡生态修复效果评价[D].辽宁大连:辽宁师范大学,2012.
[21]黄福才.紫金山金铜矿废弃地植被修复及其效果评价[J].福建林业科技,2015,42(3):74-93.
[22]刘永光.北京山区关停废弃矿山人工恢复效果及评价研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2011.
[23]黄小娟,江长胜,郝庆菊.重庆溶溪锰矿区土壤重金属污染评价及植物吸收特征[J].生态学报,2014,34(15):4201-4211.
[24]王超,毕君,尤海舟.矿山废弃地生态退化程度评价[J].生态环境学报,2014,23(6):1070-1075.
[25]王晶晶.磷矿山废弃地生态修复的生态效益评价[D].武汉:武汉工程大学,2014.
[26]刘惠君,闫旭骞,林大泽.矿区生态系统健康现状模糊综合评价方法[J].中国安全科学学报,2009,19(12):154-158.
[27]战金艳.生态系统服务功能辨识与评价[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2011.
[28]陈仲新,张新时.中国生态系统效益的价值[J].科学通报,2000,45(1):17-22.
[29]谢高地,鲁春霞,冷允法,等.青藏高原生态资产的价值评估[J].自然资源学报,2003,18(2):189-195.
[30]李国伟,赵伟,魏亚伟,等.天然林资源保护工程对长白山林区森林生态系统服务功能的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(4):984-992.
[31]修珍珍,王斌,杨校生,等.庙山坞自然保护区森林生态系统服务功能评估[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2015,39(4):7-16.
[32]赵同谦,欧阳志云,郑华,等.中国森林生态系统服务功能及其价值评价[J].自然资源学报,2004,19(4):480-491.
[33]肖强,肖洋,欧阳志云,等.重庆市森林生态系统服务功能价值评估[J].生态学报,2014,34(1):216-223.
[34]Dong J, Kaufmann R K, Myneni R B, et al. Remote sensing estimates of boreal and temperate forest woody biomass:carbon pools, sources, and sinks[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2003,84(3):393-410.
[35]李明阳,余超,张密芳,等.紫金山风景林生物量及其驱动因素时间轨迹分析[J].北京林业大学学报,2015,37(2):1-7.
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[37]张振明,余新晓,牛健植,等.不同林分枯落物层的水文生态功能[J].水土保持学报,2006,19(3):139-143.
[38]王伯民,彭芳检,欧阳翠凤,等.江西省武功山袁河流域森林净化环境价值评估[J].华东森林经理,2015,29(2):36-43.
[39]王兵,郑秋红,郭浩.基于Shannon-Wiener指数的中国森林物种多样性保育价值评估方法[J].林业科学研究,2008,21(2):268-274.