南京将军山明代沐昂夫妇合葬墓及M6发掘简报
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摘要
2006年,南京市博物馆等单位对位于南京市江宁区将军山的明代定边伯沐昂及其夫人文氏的合葬墓(M13)进行了考古发掘。该墓是一座大型多室砖墓,由甬道、前室和两个后室组成,设计完善、建造精良,是明代官修功臣墓葬的代表。墓葬曾遭盗掘,现出土有两合完好的石质墓志及各类遗物64件(套),有金、银、铜、铁、锡、陶、石等多种质地。在沐昂墓之侧还发现一座竖穴土圹单室砖墓(M6),共出土金、银、铜、瓷、石等各类陪葬器物19件(套)。墓主为女性,考证为沐昂的一位侧室夫人,从而该墓被推定为沐昂墓的袝葬墓。两墓的发掘为研究沐英家族墓园排葬规律、明代功臣葬制及明代历史等提供了重要的资料。
Nanjing Municipal Museum in association with other institutions conducted an excavation on the Ming tomb M13 at Mount Jiangjun in Jiangning,Nanjing in 2006.M13 is a large-scale brick tomb.Com posed of a corridor,a front chamber and two back chambers,the tomb was well designed and finely construct ed,representing the level of the tombs for national heroes built by government in the Ming Dynasty.The tomb was once raided.The survived burial objects unearthed in the excavation included two stone epitaphs and 64 pieces(sets) of objects of different materials including gold,silver,bronze,iron,tin,pottery and stone.Next to M13 is a vertical single-chambered brick tomb M6,which was identified as belonging to the concubine of Mu Ang.Thus,M6 was regarded as the accompanying tomb of M13.The excavation of the two tombs provides important materials for studying the tombs ordination of the Mu family and the burial system of Ming’s national heroes as well as the Ming history.
Nanjing Municipal Museum in association with other institutions conducted an excavation on the Ming tomb M13 at Mount Jiangjun in Jiangning,Nanjing in 2006.M13 is a large-scale brick tomb.Com posed of a corridor,a front chamber and two back chambers,the tomb was well designed and finely construct ed,representing the level of the tombs for national heroes built by government in the Ming Dynasty.The tomb was once raided.The survived burial objects unearthed in the excavation included two stone epitaphs and 64 pieces(sets) of objects of different materials including gold,silver,bronze,iron,tin,pottery and stone.Next to M13 is a vertical single-chambered brick tomb M6,which was identified as belonging to the concubine of Mu Ang.Thus,M6 was regarded as the accompanying tomb of M13.The excavation of the two tombs provides important materials for studying the tombs ordination of the Mu family and the burial system of Ming’s national heroes as well as the Ming history.
引文
[1]南京市文物保管委员会:《南京江宁县明沐晟墓清理简报》,《考古》1960年第9期。
[2]最初的发掘者将1974JJM3和1979JJM4两墓墓主分别误判为沐睿和沐昌祚,原简报见南京市博物馆:《江苏南京市明黔国公沐昌祚、沐睿墓》,《考古》1999年第10期。后经重新研究,我馆对两墓墓主进行了修订。参见邵磊:《明黔国公沐昌祚墓辩讹及其相关问题——从沐朝辅妻陈氏墓志的发现谈起》,《东南文化》2011年第1期;力子:《明黔国公沐睿墓辩讹》,《东南文化》2012年第4期。
[3]清.张廷玉等撰:《明史》卷一二六,《列传》第一四,中华书局1974年,第3762页。
[4]明.胡潆:《定边伯沐公神道碑》,《正德云南志》卷二七,《天一阁藏明代方志选刊续编》本,上海书店1990年。
[5]《故沐夫人方氏墓志铭》,《明文衡》卷八九,四库全书本。
[6]南京市博物馆等:《南京将军山明代沐斌夫妇合葬墓发掘简报》,见本期。
[7]南京市博物馆等:《南京将军山明代沐昂侧室邢氏墓及M21发掘简报》,见本期。
[8]辛法春:《明沐氏与中国云南之开发》,(台湾)文史哲出版社1985年,第1页。
[9]在沐英家族历任族长中,仅有两位因特殊原因,未能归葬,其一为英宗正统、天顺年间,以“右军都督同知”身份“佩征南将军印充总兵官”的沐璘,由于死后无子女为其扶柩返乡,被迫葬于云南商山普吉村之原;另一位是末任黔国公沐天波,因追随永历帝战死缅甸,最终埋骨异域。
[2]最初的发掘者将1974JJM3和1979JJM4两墓墓主分别误判为沐睿和沐昌祚,原简报见南京市博物馆:《江苏南京市明黔国公沐昌祚、沐睿墓》,《考古》1999年第10期。后经重新研究,我馆对两墓墓主进行了修订。参见邵磊:《明黔国公沐昌祚墓辩讹及其相关问题——从沐朝辅妻陈氏墓志的发现谈起》,《东南文化》2011年第1期;力子:《明黔国公沐睿墓辩讹》,《东南文化》2012年第4期。
[3]清.张廷玉等撰:《明史》卷一二六,《列传》第一四,中华书局1974年,第3762页。
[4]明.胡潆:《定边伯沐公神道碑》,《正德云南志》卷二七,《天一阁藏明代方志选刊续编》本,上海书店1990年。
[5]《故沐夫人方氏墓志铭》,《明文衡》卷八九,四库全书本。
[6]南京市博物馆等:《南京将军山明代沐斌夫妇合葬墓发掘简报》,见本期。
[7]南京市博物馆等:《南京将军山明代沐昂侧室邢氏墓及M21发掘简报》,见本期。
[8]辛法春:《明沐氏与中国云南之开发》,(台湾)文史哲出版社1985年,第1页。
[9]在沐英家族历任族长中,仅有两位因特殊原因,未能归葬,其一为英宗正统、天顺年间,以“右军都督同知”身份“佩征南将军印充总兵官”的沐璘,由于死后无子女为其扶柩返乡,被迫葬于云南商山普吉村之原;另一位是末任黔国公沐天波,因追随永历帝战死缅甸,最终埋骨异域。