历史传承下的“城”“陵”视线关系量化研究——以陕西省咸阳市乾县为例
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摘要
乾县县城即唐奉天古城,为乾陵的祀奉之城。历时千余年的古城格局与陵邑关系构成了乾县历史文化的主脉。以视线关系作为"城"、"陵"关系的切入点,通过对各时期县城空间格局的恢复模拟,运用GIS空间分析技术构建"城""陵"视线关系,并通过县城空间形态单元的划分与构建,借助视觉景观及形态类型学理论探讨不同时期城市空间格局中特定点视线与城市格局间的关系,并探讨其在旧城更新规划体系中的应用。对延续城市文脉、优化城市景观格局、凸显城市个性起到一定借鉴意义。
In history, Qianxian County, as Fengtian Ancient Town of the Tang Dynasty, was the sacrifice city of Qianling Mausoleum. The pattern of the ancient town after thousands of years of development and the relationship between the mausoleum and the town constitute the main part of the history and culture of Qianxian. Taking visual relationship between the "town" and the "mausoleum" as the breakthrough point, this paper carries out restoration simulation of the spatial pattern of the county in each period and establishes a visual relationship by use of GIS spatial analysis technology. Then, with the help of theories of visual landscape and morphological typology, by dividing and building spatial form units of the county, the paper explores the relationship between the sight from a special fixed point and the urban pattern in different periods of time, and discusses its application in the urban renewal planning system. The paper hopes to provide reference for the practice of continuing city context, optimizing the urban landscape pattern, and highlighting the urban identity.
In history, Qianxian County, as Fengtian Ancient Town of the Tang Dynasty, was the sacrifice city of Qianling Mausoleum. The pattern of the ancient town after thousands of years of development and the relationship between the mausoleum and the town constitute the main part of the history and culture of Qianxian. Taking visual relationship between the "town" and the "mausoleum" as the breakthrough point, this paper carries out restoration simulation of the spatial pattern of the county in each period and establishes a visual relationship by use of GIS spatial analysis technology. Then, with the help of theories of visual landscape and morphological typology, by dividing and building spatial form units of the county, the paper explores the relationship between the sight from a special fixed point and the urban pattern in different periods of time, and discusses its application in the urban renewal planning system. The paper hopes to provide reference for the practice of continuing city context, optimizing the urban landscape pattern, and highlighting the urban identity.
引文
1关于,阳建强.城市化中后期城市中心的功能转型与空间重构--以常州旧城中心区为例[J].城市规划学刊,2013(5):87-93.GUAN Yu,YANG Jianqiang.Functional Transformation and Spatial Restructuring of City Center in the Later Stage of Urbanization:Case Study of the Old City Center of Changzhou[J].Urban Planning Forum,2013(5):87-93.
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10邓鑫桂,吴雪飞.基于多空间界面分析的城市地标视觉景观研究--以武汉市黄鹤楼为例[J].建筑与文化,2014(10):125-127.DENG Xingui,WU Xuefei.Research of Visual Landscape of Urban Landmark Based on Multi-Spatial Interface Analysis:Taking Wuhan Yellow Crane Tower as the Example[J].Architecture&Culture,2014(10):125-127.
11吕琳,余虹颉.西安陵寝类大遗址周边视觉景观保护与控制初探[J].建筑与文化,2015(5):38-40.L Lin,YU Hongjie.Research on Visual Landscape Protection and Control to the Setting of Xi’an Mausoleum Great Heritage Sites[J].Architecture&Culture,2015(5):38-40.
12杨俊宴,潘奕巍,史宜.旧城更新规划导则编制技术:基于土地集约利用的视角[J].现代城市研究,2011(1):21-27.YANG Junyan,PAN Yiwei,SHI Yi.Old City Renewal Guide Rules Compilation Technologies:A Perspective from Intensive Land Use[J].Modern Urban Research,2011(1):21-27.
13中共中央国务院.中共中央国务院关于进一步加强城市规划建设管理工作的若干意见[EB/OL].[2016-02-06].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2016-02/21/content_5044367.htm CPC Central Committee and State Council.Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Further Strengthening the Management of Urban Planning and Construction[EB/OL].[2016-02-06].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2016-02/21/content_5044367.htm.
14冯斌.城市更新背景下的城市文态--成都开创性实践的经验与启示[J].城市发展研究,2013(9):8-14.FENG Bin.Research on Urban Culture Status Under the Background of Urban Regeneration:Experience and Inspiration of Chengdu’s Pioneering Practice[J].Urban Development Studies,2013(9):8-14.
15李汉飞.视线解析在城市设计中的运用--以佛山市新城区规划方案为例[J].规划师,2005(7):55-58.LI Hanfei.The Application of the Line of Sight in the Urban Design:With the Planning of the New City Zone in Foshan as an Example[J].Planners,2005(7):55-58.
16马锦义.论城市绿地系统的组成与分类[J].中国园林,2002(1):23-26.MA Jinyi.Content and Classification of the Greenbelt Network of a City[J].Chinese Landscape Architecture,2002(1):23-26.
17刘奇志,肖志中,胡跃平.城市景观体系规划探讨[J].城市规划,2000(5):22-25.LIU Qizhi,XIAO Zhizhong,HU Yueping.Discussion on Urban Landscape System Planning[J].City Planning Review,2000(5):22-25.
(1)《旧唐书》载“建中初,神策军修奉天城,道茂请高其垣墙,大为制度”。
(2)根据清光绪《乾州志稿》中清代城池图推测。
2陈锦棠,姚圣,田银生.形态类型学理论以及本土化的探明[J].国际城市规划,2017(2):57-64.CHEN Jintang,YAO Sheng,TIAN Yinsheng.The Theory and Localization About Typo-Morphological Approach[J].Urban Planning International,2017(2):57-64.
3谷凯.城市形态的理论与方法--探索全面与理性的研究框架[J].城市规划,2001(12):36-42.GU Kai.Urban Morphology:An Introduction and Evaluation of the Theories and the Methods[J].City Planning Review,2001(12):36-42.
4陈飞.一个新的研究框架:城市形态类型学在中国的应用[J].建筑学报,2010(4):85-90.CHEN Fei.A New Research Framework:The Application of Urban Morphology Typology in China[J].Architectural Journal,2010(4):85-90.
5埃卡特·兰格,伊泽瑞尔·勒格瓦伊拉,刘滨谊,等.视觉景观研究--回顾与展望[J].中国园林,2012(3):5-14.LANGE E,LEGWAILA I,LIU Binyi,et al.Visual Landscape Research:Overview and Outlook[J].Chinese Landscape Architecture,2012(3):5-14.
6唐真,刘滨谊.视觉景观评估的研究进展[J].风景园林,2015(9):113-120.TANG Zhen,LIU Binyi.Progress in Visual Landscape Evaluation[J].Landscape Architecture Journal,2015(9):113-120.
7冯纪忠.组景刍议[J].同济大学学报,1979(4):1-5.FENG Jizhong.Over“Landscaping Organizing”[J].Journal of Tongji University,1979(4):1-5.
8刘滨谊,郭佳希.基于风景旷奥理论的视觉感受模型研究--以城市湿地公园为例[J].南方建筑,2014(3):4-9.LIU Binyi,GUO Jiaxi.Study on a Visual Evaluation Model Based on Kuang-Ao Theory:Take Urban Wetland Park as an Example[J].South Architecture,2014(3):4-9.
9齐童,王卫华,王亚娟,等.城市公园视觉景观质量的影响因素分析--以北京市紫竹院公园为例[J].人文地理,2014(5):69-74.QI Tong,WANG Weihua,WANG Yajuan,et al.Analysis of the Influence Factors of City Park Landscape Visual Quality:A Case Study of Zizhuyuan Park in Beijing[J].Human Geography,2014(5):69-74.
10邓鑫桂,吴雪飞.基于多空间界面分析的城市地标视觉景观研究--以武汉市黄鹤楼为例[J].建筑与文化,2014(10):125-127.DENG Xingui,WU Xuefei.Research of Visual Landscape of Urban Landmark Based on Multi-Spatial Interface Analysis:Taking Wuhan Yellow Crane Tower as the Example[J].Architecture&Culture,2014(10):125-127.
11吕琳,余虹颉.西安陵寝类大遗址周边视觉景观保护与控制初探[J].建筑与文化,2015(5):38-40.L Lin,YU Hongjie.Research on Visual Landscape Protection and Control to the Setting of Xi’an Mausoleum Great Heritage Sites[J].Architecture&Culture,2015(5):38-40.
12杨俊宴,潘奕巍,史宜.旧城更新规划导则编制技术:基于土地集约利用的视角[J].现代城市研究,2011(1):21-27.YANG Junyan,PAN Yiwei,SHI Yi.Old City Renewal Guide Rules Compilation Technologies:A Perspective from Intensive Land Use[J].Modern Urban Research,2011(1):21-27.
13中共中央国务院.中共中央国务院关于进一步加强城市规划建设管理工作的若干意见[EB/OL].[2016-02-06].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2016-02/21/content_5044367.htm CPC Central Committee and State Council.Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Further Strengthening the Management of Urban Planning and Construction[EB/OL].[2016-02-06].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2016-02/21/content_5044367.htm.
14冯斌.城市更新背景下的城市文态--成都开创性实践的经验与启示[J].城市发展研究,2013(9):8-14.FENG Bin.Research on Urban Culture Status Under the Background of Urban Regeneration:Experience and Inspiration of Chengdu’s Pioneering Practice[J].Urban Development Studies,2013(9):8-14.
15李汉飞.视线解析在城市设计中的运用--以佛山市新城区规划方案为例[J].规划师,2005(7):55-58.LI Hanfei.The Application of the Line of Sight in the Urban Design:With the Planning of the New City Zone in Foshan as an Example[J].Planners,2005(7):55-58.
16马锦义.论城市绿地系统的组成与分类[J].中国园林,2002(1):23-26.MA Jinyi.Content and Classification of the Greenbelt Network of a City[J].Chinese Landscape Architecture,2002(1):23-26.
17刘奇志,肖志中,胡跃平.城市景观体系规划探讨[J].城市规划,2000(5):22-25.LIU Qizhi,XIAO Zhizhong,HU Yueping.Discussion on Urban Landscape System Planning[J].City Planning Review,2000(5):22-25.
(1)《旧唐书》载“建中初,神策军修奉天城,道茂请高其垣墙,大为制度”。
(2)根据清光绪《乾州志稿》中清代城池图推测。