南华北盆地太原组碳酸盐岩烃源岩地球化学特征
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摘要
为明确南华北盆地太原组碳酸盐岩烃源岩基本特征,并分析该套烃源岩特殊的有机质富集背景,选取南华北盆地周缘洛阳、禹州、平顶山和永城地区全取心煤炭钻井的太原组碳酸盐岩样品进行系统的有机化分析,并对其进行评价,在对太原组碳酸盐岩矿物学和沉积环境分析的基础上,揭示该套烃源岩有机质富集背景。南华北盆地不同地区太原组碳酸盐岩烃源岩的有机碳平均值均大于1.00%,但生烃潜量和氯仿沥青"A"均较小,平均值分别小于1.00 mg/g和0.01%。干酪根有机显微组分以镜质组为主,一般占50%以上,壳质组一般在20%~50%,惰质组少量,但几乎不含腐泥组。镜质体反射率(Ro)在不同地区差异较大,洛阳地区Ro平均值为4.57%,禹州地区Ro为2.1%,平顶山地区Ro为1.14%,永城地区Ro平均值为1.97%。南华北盆地太原组碳酸盐岩烃源岩与普遍的碳酸盐岩烃源岩差异较大。太原组灰岩中较高的有机质含量主要与其中含有大量的炭屑有关,其原因是突发性海侵形成的灰岩过程中对下伏的煤线或碳质泥岩造成强烈冲刷。
In order to clarify the essential features of the carbonate source rocks of Taiyuan Formation in Southern North China Basin and analyze the special background of the organic matter enrichment in these source rocks,through selecting the carbonate source rocks of Taiyuan Formation samples from full-coring coal boreholes in Luoyang area,Pingdingshan area and Yongcheng area at the edge of the Southern North China Basin,it was systematically analyzed and evaluated the samples,and it is revealed the organic matter enrichment background of these source rocks on the basis of the mineralogical analysis and the sedimentary environment analysis of the carbonate source rocks of Taiyuan Formation.The mean organic carbon contents are all greater than 1.00% in Taiyuan Formation source rocks in different areas of the Southern North China Basin,however,the contents of the generating hydrocarbon potential and chloroform bitumen "A"is relatively smaller,the mean contents are smaller than 1.0 mg/g and 0.01% separately.The main organic microstructure composition of kerogen in these source rocks is vitrinite,and it is generally more than 50%,while exinite is usually between 20% and 50%.Inertinite is a little,and sapropelinite is rarely contained.The vitrinite reflectances(Ro) have large differences in different districts,and the mean values of Roare respectively 4.57%,2.1%,1.14% and 1.97% in Luoyang area,Yuzhou area,Pingdingshan area and Yongcheng area.The carbonate source rocks of Taiyuan Formation in the Southern North China Basin not only have greatly different from common marine carbonate source rocks' features.The higher organic content of Taiyuan Formation limestone is mainly related with the large amounts of carbon dust,and the reason is related to the strong erosion to the underlying coal bed or carbonaceous mudstone by the limestone which was formed by sudden transgression.
In order to clarify the essential features of the carbonate source rocks of Taiyuan Formation in Southern North China Basin and analyze the special background of the organic matter enrichment in these source rocks,through selecting the carbonate source rocks of Taiyuan Formation samples from full-coring coal boreholes in Luoyang area,Pingdingshan area and Yongcheng area at the edge of the Southern North China Basin,it was systematically analyzed and evaluated the samples,and it is revealed the organic matter enrichment background of these source rocks on the basis of the mineralogical analysis and the sedimentary environment analysis of the carbonate source rocks of Taiyuan Formation.The mean organic carbon contents are all greater than 1.00% in Taiyuan Formation source rocks in different areas of the Southern North China Basin,however,the contents of the generating hydrocarbon potential and chloroform bitumen "A"is relatively smaller,the mean contents are smaller than 1.0 mg/g and 0.01% separately.The main organic microstructure composition of kerogen in these source rocks is vitrinite,and it is generally more than 50%,while exinite is usually between 20% and 50%.Inertinite is a little,and sapropelinite is rarely contained.The vitrinite reflectances(Ro) have large differences in different districts,and the mean values of Roare respectively 4.57%,2.1%,1.14% and 1.97% in Luoyang area,Yuzhou area,Pingdingshan area and Yongcheng area.The carbonate source rocks of Taiyuan Formation in the Southern North China Basin not only have greatly different from common marine carbonate source rocks' features.The higher organic content of Taiyuan Formation limestone is mainly related with the large amounts of carbon dust,and the reason is related to the strong erosion to the underlying coal bed or carbonaceous mudstone by the limestone which was formed by sudden transgression.
引文
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[12]邬立言,顾信章,盛志伟.生油岩热解快速定量评价[M].北京:科学出版社,1986:30-31.WU L Y,GU X Z,SHENG Z W.Pyrolysis Rapid Quantitative Evaluation of Source Rock[M].Beijing:Science Press,1986:30-31.
[14]郝石生,高岗,王飞宇.高过成熟海相烃源岩[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996:1-170.HAO S S,GAO G,WANG F Y.High-over mature marine hydrocarbon source rocks[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1996:1-170.
[15]钟宁宁,卢双舫,黄志龙,等.烃源岩TOC值变化与其生排烃效率关系的探讨[J].沉积学报,2004,22(S):73-78.ZHONG N N,LU S F,ZHANG Z L,et al.An approach to the evolution of TOC value for Source Rock and its relation to effieiencies of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion[J].Acta Aedimentologica Sinia,2004,22(S):73-78.
[16]武法东,陈钟惠,张守良,等.华北石炭二叠纪的海侵作用[J].现代地质,1995,9(3):284-292.WU F D,CHEN Z H,ZHANG S L,et al.Permo-carboniferous transgression in Northern China[J].Geoscience,1995,9(3):284-292.
[17]吴贤涛,胡斌,王观忠,等.豫西焦作地区上石炭统浅海碳酸盐岩中的风暴沉积[J].沉积学报,1987,5(4):1-13WU X T,HU B,WANG G Z,et al.Strom deposits in Upper Carboniferous shallow margin carbonates of Jiaozhuo,Henan[J].Acta Aedimentologica Sinia,1987,59(4):1-13.
[18]钟蓉,傅泽明.华北地台晚石炭世-早二叠世早期海水进退与厚煤带分布关系[J].地质学报,1998,72(1):64-75.ZHONG R,FU Z M.The relationship between the distribution of thick coal belts and the late Carboniferousearly early Permian marine transgression-regression in the North China platform[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,1998,72(1):64-75.
[2]饶丹,全书进.南华北盆地周口坳陷周参10井低产油流剖析[J].石油实验地质,2005,27(6):612-618.RAO D,QUAN S J.Underproductive oil flow in the well ZC 10 of the Zhoukou depression in the Southern North China Basin[J].Petroleum Geology and Experiment,2005,27(6):612-618.
[3]解东宁,周立发.南华北地区石炭-二叠纪煤系生烃潜力与二次生烃探讨[J].煤田地质与勘探,2006,34(1):30-34.XIE D N,ZHOU L F.Discussion on hydrocarbon generation potential and secondary hydrocarbon generation of organic matter from Permo-Carboniferous coal measures in the Southern North China[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2006,34(1):30-34.
[4]武法东,陈钟惠,张年茂.南华北地区石炭二叠纪烃源岩的沉积类型与有机质特征[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,1992,17(6):687-698.WU F D,CHEN Z H,ZHANG N M.Sedimentary types and organic characteristics of hydrocarbon source rocks of carbon Carboniferous-Permian,south part of Huabei[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,1992,17(6):687-698.
[5]全书进,饶丹,孔凡军,等.周口坳陷上古生界油气资源潜力分析[J].石油实验地质,2004,26(6):542-546.QUAN S J,RAO D,KONG F J,et al.Potential analysis of the upper Paleozoic hydrocarbon resource in the Zhoukou depression[J].Petroleum Geology and Experiment,2004,26(6):542-546.
[6]王荣新,赵刚,邓世英.南华北上古生界烃源岩有机地球化学特征[C]//第十一届全国有机地球化学学术会议论文集,昆明,2007:484-488.WANG R X,ZHAO G,DENG S Y.Geochemical characteristics of the upper Paleozoic source rocks in the Southern North China[C]//the 11th National Meeting on Organic Geochemistry Symposium,Kunming,2007:484-488.
[7]高建平,周立发,徐艳萍,等.太康隆起和周口坳陷上古生界煤系烃源岩地球化学特征[J].西北地质,2006,39(3):59-64.GAO J P,ZHOU L F,XU Y P,et al.Geochemical characteristics of the upper Paleozoic source rocks in Taikang rise and Zhoukou depression[J].Northwestern Geology,2006,39(3):59-64.
[8]程喆,徐旭辉,王荣新,等.南华北地区上古生界烃源岩异常热演化因素探讨[J].石油实验地质,2011,33(2):142-147.CHENG Z,XU X H,WANG R X,et al.Reasons for abnormal thermal evolution of source rocks in Upper Paleozoic,Southern North China[J].Petroleum Geology and Experiment,2011,33(2):142-147.
[9]张水昌,梁狄刚,张大江.关于古生界烃源岩有机质丰度的评价标准[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(2):8-12.ZHANG S C,LIANG D G,ZHANG D J.Evaluation criteria for Paleozoic effective hydrocarbon source rocks[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2002,29(2):8-12.
[10]傅家谟,刘德汉.碳酸盐岩有机质演化特征与油气评价[J].石油学报,1982,3(1):1-9.FU J M,LIU D H.Some characteristics of the evolution of organic matter in carbonate formation[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1982,3(1):1-9.
[11]PETERS K E,CASSA M R.Applied source rock geochemistry[A].MAGOON L B,DOW W G.The petroleum system:from source to trap[C]//AAPG Memoir 60,1994:93-117.
[12]张鹏,王良书,刘绍文,等.南华北盆地群地温场研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(2):604-608.ZHANG P,WANG L S,LIU S W,et al.Geothermal field in the South Huabei Basins[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(2):604-608.
[12]邬立言,顾信章,盛志伟.生油岩热解快速定量评价[M].北京:科学出版社,1986:30-31.WU L Y,GU X Z,SHENG Z W.Pyrolysis Rapid Quantitative Evaluation of Source Rock[M].Beijing:Science Press,1986:30-31.
[14]郝石生,高岗,王飞宇.高过成熟海相烃源岩[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996:1-170.HAO S S,GAO G,WANG F Y.High-over mature marine hydrocarbon source rocks[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1996:1-170.
[15]钟宁宁,卢双舫,黄志龙,等.烃源岩TOC值变化与其生排烃效率关系的探讨[J].沉积学报,2004,22(S):73-78.ZHONG N N,LU S F,ZHANG Z L,et al.An approach to the evolution of TOC value for Source Rock and its relation to effieiencies of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion[J].Acta Aedimentologica Sinia,2004,22(S):73-78.
[16]武法东,陈钟惠,张守良,等.华北石炭二叠纪的海侵作用[J].现代地质,1995,9(3):284-292.WU F D,CHEN Z H,ZHANG S L,et al.Permo-carboniferous transgression in Northern China[J].Geoscience,1995,9(3):284-292.
[17]吴贤涛,胡斌,王观忠,等.豫西焦作地区上石炭统浅海碳酸盐岩中的风暴沉积[J].沉积学报,1987,5(4):1-13WU X T,HU B,WANG G Z,et al.Strom deposits in Upper Carboniferous shallow margin carbonates of Jiaozhuo,Henan[J].Acta Aedimentologica Sinia,1987,59(4):1-13.
[18]钟蓉,傅泽明.华北地台晚石炭世-早二叠世早期海水进退与厚煤带分布关系[J].地质学报,1998,72(1):64-75.ZHONG R,FU Z M.The relationship between the distribution of thick coal belts and the late Carboniferousearly early Permian marine transgression-regression in the North China platform[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,1998,72(1):64-75.