双扫描激光雷达精细探测低层大气气溶胶方法
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摘要
为实现水平非均匀分布的低层大气气溶胶光学特性的遥感探测,提出一种基于双扫描激光雷达的气溶胶精细探测方法.该方法以扫描激光雷达为遥感探测工具,通过双激光雷达相向交叉扫描工作模式,实现对同一空域近地表气溶胶全视野剖面的交叉探测,从而提供双激光雷达方程组以精确求解气溶胶消光和后向散射系数.在数据反演过程中,通过对交叉扫描区域进行坐标化和网格化处理、网格像素单元的初值预设,以及双扫描激光雷达方程组的数值逼近反演得到气溶胶消光.利用长距离扫描激光雷达的数据对该方法进行验证,结果表明,该方法与多角度方法反演所得到的结果随高度变化的趋势具有高度的一致性;同时双扫描激光雷达可提供交叉扫描区域剖面的气溶胶浓度分布,相比于单条廓线具有较大的优势.
In order to remote sense the aerosol optical properties in the horizontal inhomogeneous atmosphere,a method based on twin scanning lidars was proposed for fine detection of aerosols.The scanning lidar was utilized to be the remote sensing tool to overcome the effect of overlap function of lidar system.The twin scanning lidars were performed for the cross scanning from the ground to the height of concern,which made the exact solutions of the two unknown parameters(extinction and backscatter coefficients)in the lidar equation retrievable.In the procedures of data retrieval,the coordinate and gridding were performed in the cross region,and the initial values of the pixel data were set.Numerical approximations of aerosol extinction and backscatter coefficients were got finally by minimizing the estimation of lidar function and the real one.The verification of retrieval method was performed using the scanning data from the long-range scanning lidar.The result shows that the retrieved result has the same tendency of height compared with the result from the multi-angle method,and twin scanning lidars can provide the aerosol distribution in cross scanning region profile which has advantage compared to the single profile.
In order to remote sense the aerosol optical properties in the horizontal inhomogeneous atmosphere,a method based on twin scanning lidars was proposed for fine detection of aerosols.The scanning lidar was utilized to be the remote sensing tool to overcome the effect of overlap function of lidar system.The twin scanning lidars were performed for the cross scanning from the ground to the height of concern,which made the exact solutions of the two unknown parameters(extinction and backscatter coefficients)in the lidar equation retrievable.In the procedures of data retrieval,the coordinate and gridding were performed in the cross region,and the initial values of the pixel data were set.Numerical approximations of aerosol extinction and backscatter coefficients were got finally by minimizing the estimation of lidar function and the real one.The verification of retrieval method was performed using the scanning data from the long-range scanning lidar.The result shows that the retrieved result has the same tendency of height compared with the result from the multi-angle method,and twin scanning lidars can provide the aerosol distribution in cross scanning region profile which has advantage compared to the single profile.
引文
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[25]STULL R B.An introduction to boundary layer meteorology[M].London:Kluwer Academic Publishers;1998:1.
[26]MIN C.Local level set method in high dimension and codimension[J].Journal of Computational Physics,2004,200:368.
[27]ANSMANN A,RIEBESELL M,WANDINGER U,et al.Combined Raman elastic-backscatter LIDAR for vertical profiling of moisture,aerosol extinction,backscatter,and lidar ratio[J].Applied Physics,1992,55(1):18-28.7-2001090
[28]HU Shun-xing,ZHAO Pei-tao,WANG Shao-lin,et al.ARL-1Raman lidar system for atmospheric CO2 measurements[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics,2009,4(6):401.胡顺星,赵培涛,汪少林,等.ARL-1Raman激光雷达系统探测大气二氧化碳[J].大气与环境光学学报,2009,4(6):401.
[29]HU Shun-xing,WANG Zhen-zhu,XU Qing-shan,et al.Studies on methods for aerosol optical depth measurements by lidar[J].Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics,2006,23(3):307-310.胡顺星,王珍珠,徐青山,等.激光雷达测量大气气溶胶光学厚度方法研究[J].量子电子学报,2006,23(3):307-310.
[30]U.S.Government Printing Office.U.S.Standard Atmosphere[S].Washington D.C.:National Aeronautics and Space Administration,1976.
[2]YU H B,LIU S C,DICKINSON R E.Radiation effects of aerosols on the evolution of the atmospheric boundary layer[J].Journal of Geophysics Research,2002,107(D12):41-42.
[3]ROLAND B S.An introduction to boundary layer meteorology[M].Dordrecht(Netherlands):Kluwer Academic Publishers,1988.
[4]YAN Ji-xiang,GONG Shun-sheng,LIU Zhi-shen.Laser radar for environment monitoring[M].Beijing(China):China Science Publishing&Media Ltd.,2001.6-2001090阎吉祥,龚顺生,刘智深.环境监测激光雷达[M].北京(中国):科学出版社,2001.
[5]ZHOU Jun,YUE Gu-ming,JIN Chuan-jia,et al.Two-wavelength mie lidar for monitoring of tropospheric aerosol[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2000,20(10):1412-1417.周军,岳古明,金传佳,等.探测对流层气溶胶的双波长米氏散射激光雷达[J].光学学报,2000,20(10):1412-1417.
[6]JAMES D K.Stable analytical inversion solution for processing lidar returns[J].Applied Optics,1981,20:211-220.
[7]FREDERICK G F.Analysis of atmospheric lidar observations:some comments[J].Applied Optics,1984,23:652-653.
[8]SHE C Y,ALVAREZ II R J,CALDWELL L M,et al.High spectral resolution Rayleigh-Mie lidar measurements of aerosol and atmospheric profiles[J].Optics Letters,1992,17(7):541-543.
[9]MASAHARU I,TAKAO K.Ultraviolet high-spectral-resolution Doppler lidar for measuring wind field and aerosol optical properties[J].Applied Optics,2005,44(28):6023-6030.
[10]SONG Xiao-quan,GUO Jin-jia,YAN Zhao-ai,et al.Research on the high spectral resolution lidar for atmospheric aerosol properties[J].Progress in Natural Science,2008,18(9):1009-1015.宋小全,郭金家,闫召爱,等.大气气溶胶光学参数的高光谱分辨率激光雷达探测研究[J].自然科学进展,2008,18(9):1009-1015.
[11]ALBERT A,MAREN R,CLAUS W.Measurement of atmospheric aerosol extinction profiles with a Raman lidar[J].Optics Letters,1990,15(13):746-748.
[12]DAVID N W.Examination of the traditional raman lidar technique.II.Evaluating the ratios for water vapor and aerosols[J].Applied Optics,2003,42(15):2593-2608.
[13]MAO Fei-yue,GONG Wei,LI Jun.Geometrical form factor calculation using Monte Carlo integration for lidar[J].Optics&Laser Technology,2012,44(4):907-912.
[14]GAO Fei,HUA Deng-xin,WU Min,et al.Effect of M2factor of laser beam for a non-coaxial lidar system[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2008,28(9):1649-1654.高飞,华灯鑫,吴敏,等.光束品质因子M2对非同轴激光雷达探测性能的影响[J].光学学报,2008,28(9):1649-1654.
[15]SHI Bo,TAO Zong-ming,MA Xiao-min,et al.Measurements of near-ground aerosol backscattering coefficient profile with side-scatter technique[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2015,35(5):48-53.史博,陶宗明,麻晓敏,等.基于侧向散射技术的近地面气溶胶后向散射系数廓线探测[J].光学学报,2015,35(5):48-53.
[16]CAO Kai-fa,DU Xiao-yong,WANG Shao-lin,et al.Determination of lidar geometric form factor with pure rotational raman scattering signal[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2007,27(8):1349-1354.曹开法,杜小勇,汪少林,等.纯转动拉曼法确定激光雷达几何因子[J].光学学报,2007,27(8):1349-1354.
[17]FILIP CˇI CˇA,HORVAT M,VEBERI CˇD,et al.Scanning lidar based atmospheric monitoring for fluorescence detector of cosmic showers[J].Astroparticle Physics,2003,18(5):501-512.
[18]MARKUS P,VALDIMIR A K,MARC B P.Calibration method for multiangle lidar measurements[J].Applied Optics,2004,43:2948-2956.
[19]KOVALEV V A,EICHINGER W E.Elastic lidar:theory,practice,and analysis methods[M].New Jersey(USA):Wiley-Interscience,2004.
[20]GAO F,BERGANT K,FILIP CˇICˇA,et al.Observations of the atmospheric boundary layer across the land-sea transition zone using a scanning Mie lidar[J].Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy&Radiative Transfer,2011,112(2):182-188.
[21]GAOF,SAMO S,KLEMRN B,LI Y,et al.Application of the ultraviolet scanning elastic backscatter lidar for the investigation of aerosol variability[J].Remote Sensing,2015,7(5):6320-6335.
[22]DINA G K.Multianglelidar performance in the presence of horizontal inhomogeneities in atmospheric extinction and scattering[J].Applied Optics,1993,32:3266-3272.
[23]KOVALEV V,WOLD C,PETKOV A,et al.Modified technique for processing multianglelidar data measured in clear and moderately polluted atmospheres[J].Applied Optics,2011,50:4957-4966.
[24]WANG Lin,XIE Chen-bo,HAN Yong,et al.Comparison of retrieval methods of planetary boundary layer height from lidar data[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics,2012,07(4):241-247.王琳,谢晨波,韩永,等.测量大气边界层高度的激光雷达数据反演方法研究[J].大气与环境光学学报,2012,07(4):241-247
[25]STULL R B.An introduction to boundary layer meteorology[M].London:Kluwer Academic Publishers;1998:1.
[26]MIN C.Local level set method in high dimension and codimension[J].Journal of Computational Physics,2004,200:368.
[27]ANSMANN A,RIEBESELL M,WANDINGER U,et al.Combined Raman elastic-backscatter LIDAR for vertical profiling of moisture,aerosol extinction,backscatter,and lidar ratio[J].Applied Physics,1992,55(1):18-28.7-2001090
[28]HU Shun-xing,ZHAO Pei-tao,WANG Shao-lin,et al.ARL-1Raman lidar system for atmospheric CO2 measurements[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics,2009,4(6):401.胡顺星,赵培涛,汪少林,等.ARL-1Raman激光雷达系统探测大气二氧化碳[J].大气与环境光学学报,2009,4(6):401.
[29]HU Shun-xing,WANG Zhen-zhu,XU Qing-shan,et al.Studies on methods for aerosol optical depth measurements by lidar[J].Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics,2006,23(3):307-310.胡顺星,王珍珠,徐青山,等.激光雷达测量大气气溶胶光学厚度方法研究[J].量子电子学报,2006,23(3):307-310.
[30]U.S.Government Printing Office.U.S.Standard Atmosphere[S].Washington D.C.:National Aeronautics and Space Administration,1976.