不同水分条件下秸秆生物炭对高粱生长和养分含量的影响
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摘要
【目的】研究不同水分条件下秸秆生物炭对高粱生长、养分含量以及土壤理化性质和养分含量的影响,以探明秸秆生物炭对高粱生长的作用效果。【方法】以高粱"晋杂34号"为供试作物,石灰性褐土为供试土壤进行盆栽试验。试验设3个水分处理,分别为正常供水,田间持水量的85%(W1);轻度胁迫,田间持水量的65%(W2);重度胁迫,田间持水量的45%(W3)。设5个秸秆生物炭添加量,分别占土壤干重的0、0.5%、1%、3%和6%。高粱出苗后70天调查株高,采集地上部(茎和叶),测定生物量、N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu和Zn的含量,同时采集土样测定pH值、EC、有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾、交换性Ca和Mg、有效Fe、Mn、Cu和Zn的含量。【结果】干旱胁迫显著降低了高粱生物量和株高;施用0.5%秸秆生物炭显著增加了重度干旱胁迫条件下高粱生物量,但是当施用量>1%时不同水分条件下高粱生物量和株高均显著降低。干旱胁迫降低了高粱P含量,增加了K、Ca、Mn和Zn的含量;秸秆生物炭提高了高粱K和Zn含量,降低了N、P和Mg的含量;随着水分含量的减少,作物收获后土壤有效Mn和有效Zn含量降低;添加生物炭显著提高了土壤速效K和有效Zn的含量,但是当施用量大于1%时,土壤交换性Mg、有效Fe和有效Mn的含量显著降低。【结论】供试条件下,施用0.5%秸秆生物炭能够提高高粱钾和锌的含量,促进干旱胁迫条件下(45%田间持水量)高粱的生长,但过量施用(>1%)会对高粱生长产生抑制作用。
【Objectives】The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of straw biochar application on sorghum biomass and nutrient contents as well as soil physico-chemical properties under different water condition.【Methods】A pot experiment was carried out in greenhouse. Jinza 34 was selected as the tested sorghum cultivar, and calcareous cinnamon soil was used as the tested soil. Three water levels including normal water(W1, 85% of the water holding capacity), mild water stress(W2, 65% of the water holding capacity) and severe water stress(W3, 45% of the water holding capacity), and five straw biochar application rates(0, 0.5%, 1%,3% and 6%) were used in this experiment. The sorghum biomass, height and nutrient contents(N, P, K, Ca, Mg,Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn) as well as soil pH, EC and fertility condition were investigated at 70 days after sorghum seedling emergence.【Results】Water stress restricted the sorghum growth and decreased sorghum biomass and height. Straw biochar applied at 0.5% significantly increased the sorghum biomass under the severe water stress,while the sorghum biomass was decreased as straw biochar was applied more than 1%. Compared with the normal water treatment, water stress decreased P content and increased K, Ca, Mn and Zn contents of sorghum. The application of straw biochar increased the K and Zn contents, and decreased the N, P and Mg contents of sorghum.At the end of experiment, the available Mn and Zn were decreased with the decrease of water supply. The application of straw biochar significantly increased the soil available K and Zn contents. However, the exchangeable Mg, available Mn and Fe were decreased when straw biochar was applied more than 1%.【Conclusions】Under the experimental condition, straw biochar applied at rate of 0.5% has beneficial effect on K and Zn absorption and sorghum growth under water stress condition, but excessive(> 1%) use of straw biochar inhibited the sorghum growth.
【Objectives】The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of straw biochar application on sorghum biomass and nutrient contents as well as soil physico-chemical properties under different water condition.【Methods】A pot experiment was carried out in greenhouse. Jinza 34 was selected as the tested sorghum cultivar, and calcareous cinnamon soil was used as the tested soil. Three water levels including normal water(W1, 85% of the water holding capacity), mild water stress(W2, 65% of the water holding capacity) and severe water stress(W3, 45% of the water holding capacity), and five straw biochar application rates(0, 0.5%, 1%,3% and 6%) were used in this experiment. The sorghum biomass, height and nutrient contents(N, P, K, Ca, Mg,Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn) as well as soil pH, EC and fertility condition were investigated at 70 days after sorghum seedling emergence.【Results】Water stress restricted the sorghum growth and decreased sorghum biomass and height. Straw biochar applied at 0.5% significantly increased the sorghum biomass under the severe water stress,while the sorghum biomass was decreased as straw biochar was applied more than 1%. Compared with the normal water treatment, water stress decreased P content and increased K, Ca, Mn and Zn contents of sorghum. The application of straw biochar increased the K and Zn contents, and decreased the N, P and Mg contents of sorghum.At the end of experiment, the available Mn and Zn were decreased with the decrease of water supply. The application of straw biochar significantly increased the soil available K and Zn contents. However, the exchangeable Mg, available Mn and Fe were decreased when straw biochar was applied more than 1%.【Conclusions】Under the experimental condition, straw biochar applied at rate of 0.5% has beneficial effect on K and Zn absorption and sorghum growth under water stress condition, but excessive(> 1%) use of straw biochar inhibited the sorghum growth.
引文
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[10]Olmo M,Alburquerque J A,Barrón V,et al.Wheat growth and yield responses to biochar addition under Mediterranean climate conditions[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2014,50(8):1177–1187.
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