组织稳定与创新的悖论关系研究
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摘要
组织稳定与创新的关系一直是管理理论界关注的重要问题。在对比传统对立观、双元观和悖论观就两者关系形成的差异化观点及应对思路的基础上,阐述了悖论观的核心内容,即稳定与创新的相互促进机理,得出稳定机制能够为创新提供保障、基准并释放注意力和资源,创新则能够提升系统稳定性和长期发展稳定性;提出由形成悖论性思维、感知悖论态势显性化、接受悖论、产生应对策略以及实现组织持续性发展等环节构成的稳定与创新悖论关系动态平衡路径。
The relationship between organizational stability and innovation has always been an important issue concerned by the theory field of management. Based on the comparison among different views and corresponding responses toward the relationship between stability and innovation from the traditional dualism view, ambidextrous view and the paradox view, this research focused on exploring the core of the paradox view, namely, the interdependence between stability and innovation. The results demonstrated that stability mechanisms may provide safeguards and benchmarks for innovation and release attention and resources, while innovation may improve the stability for both the organizational system and its long-term development. In addition, a dynamic equilibrium path for the paradoxical relationship between stability and innovation was proposed, which consists of forming paradoxical thinking, perceiving the externalization of paradoxical tensions, embracing paradox, building paradoxical strategy and achieving sustainable development of the organization.
The relationship between organizational stability and innovation has always been an important issue concerned by the theory field of management. Based on the comparison among different views and corresponding responses toward the relationship between stability and innovation from the traditional dualism view, ambidextrous view and the paradox view, this research focused on exploring the core of the paradox view, namely, the interdependence between stability and innovation. The results demonstrated that stability mechanisms may provide safeguards and benchmarks for innovation and release attention and resources, while innovation may improve the stability for both the organizational system and its long-term development. In addition, a dynamic equilibrium path for the paradoxical relationship between stability and innovation was proposed, which consists of forming paradoxical thinking, perceiving the externalization of paradoxical tensions, embracing paradox, building paradoxical strategy and achieving sustainable development of the organization.
引文
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葛明磊,张丽华.2017.企业大学双元能力促进学习项目运营:华为大学的案例研究[J].管理案例研究与评论,10(6):555-567.
林海芬,苏敬勤.2012.管理创新效力提升机制:组织双元性视角[J].科研管理,33(2):1-10.
林海芬,于泽川,王涛.2017.基于组织惯例的组织创新持续内生机理研究评述[J].研究与发展管理,29(1):127-138.
陆亚东,孙金云,武亚军.2015.“合”理论:基于东方文化背景的战略理论新范式[J].外国经济与管理,37(6):3-25.
彭永捷.2011.重拾被遗忘的东方:兼评“东方哲学”与五卷本《东方哲学史》[J].哲学研究,(10):64-70.
庞大龙,徐立国,席酉民.2017.悖论管理的思想溯源、特征启示与未来前景[J].管理学报,14(2):168-175.
孙正聿.2016.存在论、本体论和世界观“:思维和存在的关系问题”的辩证法[J].哲学研究,(6):19-27.
武亚军.2013.“战略框架式思考”“、悖论整合”与企业竞争优势:任正非的认知模式分析及管理启示[J].管理世界,(4):150-167.
席酉民,韩巍,葛京.2006.和谐管理理论研究[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社.
张祥龙.1993.胡塞尔、海德格与东方哲学[J].中国社会科学,(6):45-55.
Adler P S,Benner M,Brunner D J,et al.2009.Perspectives on the productivity dilemma[J].Journal of Operations Management,27(2):99-113.
Andriopoulos C,Lewis M W.2009.Exploitation-exploration tensions and organizational ambidexterity:Managing paradoxes of innovation[J].Organization Science,20(4):696-717.
Besharov M L.2014.The relational ecology of identification:How organizational identification emerges when individuals hold divergent values[J].Academy of Management Journal,57(5):1485-1512.
Bigley G A,Roberts K H.2001.The incident command system:High-reliability organizing for complex and volatile task environments[J].Academy of Management Journal,44(6):1281-1299.
Birkinshaw J,Hamel C,Mol M J.2008.Management innovation[J].Academy of Management Review,33(4):825-845.
Burgelman R A.2002.Strategy as vector and the inertia of coevolutionary lock-in[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,47(2):325-357.
Burns T E,Stalker G M.1961.The Management Innovation[M].London:Tavistock Publication.
Cohen M D,Bacdayan P.1994.Organizational routines are stored as procedural memory:Evidence from a laboratory study[J].Organization Science,5(4):554-568.
Chen M J.2002.Transcending paradox:The Chinese'Middle Way'perspective[J].Asia Pacific Journal of Management,19(1):179-199.
Clegg S.2002 Management and Organization Paradoxes[M].Amsterdam:John Benjamins.
Cohen M D.2007.Reading dewey:Reflections on the study of routine[J].Organization Studies,28(5):773-786.
Feldman M S,Pentland B T.2003.Reconceptualizing organizational routines as a source of flexibility and change[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,48(1):94-118.
Farjoun M.2010.Beyond dualism:Stability and change as a duality[J].Academy of Management Review,35(2):202-225.
Farjoun M,Starbuck W H.2011.Organizing at and beyond the limits[J].Organization Studies,28(4):541-566.
Hannan M T,Freeman J R.1984.Structural inertia and organizational change[J].American Sociological Review,49(2):149-164.
Holland J H.1992.Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems[M].2nd ed.Cambridge:MIT Press.
He Z L,Wong P K.2004.Exploration vs exploitation:An empirical test of the ambidexterity hypothesis[J].Organization Science,15(4):481-494.
James E H,Wooten L P,Dushek K.2011.Crisis management:Informing a new leadership research agenda[J].Academy of Management Annals,5(1):455-493.
Klahr D,Simon H A.1999.Studies of scientific discovery:Complementary approaches and convergent findings[J].Psychological Bulletin,125(5):524-543.
Klein K J,Ziegert J C,Knight A P,et al.2006.Dynamic delegation:Shared,hierarchical,and deindividualized leadership in extreme action teams[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,51(4):590-621.
Landau M,Chisholm D.1995.The arrogance of optimism:Notes on failure-avoidance management[J].Journal of Contingencies&Crisis Management,3(2):67-80.
Lewis M W.2000.Exploring paradox:Toward a more comprehensive guide[J].Academy of Management Review,25(4):760-776.
Lüscher S L,Lewis M W.2008.Organizational change and managerial sensemaking:Working through paradox[J].Academy of Management Journal,51(2):221-240.
Li P P.2014.The unique value of Yin-Yang balancing:A critical response[J].Management and Organization Review,10(2):321-332.
March J G.1991.Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning[J].Organization Science,2(1):71-87.
March J G.1996.Continuity and change in theories of organizational action[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,41(2):278-287.
March J G.2006.Rationality,foolishness,and adaptive intelligence[J].Strategic Management Journal,27(3):201-214.
Nelson R R,Winter S G.1982.An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change[M].Cambridge:Harvard University Press.
O'Reilly C A,Tushman M L.2013.Organizational ambidexterity:Past,present,and future[J].Academy of Management Perspectives,27(4):324-338.
Poole M S,Van de Ven A H.1989.Using paradox to build management and organization theories[J].Academy of Management Review,14(4):562-578.
Peng K,Nisbett R E.1999.Culture,dialectics,and reasoning about contradiction[J].American Sychologist,54(9):741-754.
Rothenberg A.1979.The Emerging Goddess[M].Chicago:University of Chicago Press.
Raisch S,Birkinshaw J,Probst G,et al.2009.Organizational ambidexterity:Balancing exploitation and exploration for sustained performance[J].Organization Science,20(4):685-695.
Rerup C,Feldman M S.2011.Routines as a source of change in prganizational schemata:The role of trial-and-error learning[J].Academy of Management Journal,54(3):577-610.
Simons R.1995.Levers of Control:How Managers Use Innovative Control Systems to Drive Strategic Renewal[M].Boston:Harvard Business School Press.
Sawyer R K.2006.Explaining Creativity:The Science of Human Innovation[M].2nd ed.London:Oxford University Press.
Smith W K,Lewis M W.2011.Toward a dynamic theory of paradox:A dynamic of equilibrium model of organizing[J].Academy of Management Review,36(2):381-403.
Smith W K,Chertok M A.2012.Paradoxical leadership model for social entrepreneurs:Challenges,leadership skills,and pedagogical tools for managing social and commercial demands[J].Academy of Management Learning&Education,11(3):463-478.
Schad J,Lewis M W,Raisch S,et al.2016.Paradox research in management science:Looking back to move forward[J].Academy of Management Annals,10(1):5-64.
Thompson J D,Zald M N,Scott W R.1967.Organizations in Action:Social Science Bases of Administrative Theory[M].New York:McGraw-Hill.
Tushman M L,Romanelli E.1985.Organizational evolution:A metamorphosis model of convergence and reorientation[J].Research in Organizational Behavior,7(1):71-222.
Teece D J,Pisano G,Shuen A.1997.Dynamic capabilities and strategic management[J].Strategic Management Journal,18(7):509-533.
Volberda H W,Lewin A Y.2003.Co-evolutionary dynamics within and between firms:From evolution to coevolution[J].Journal of Management Studies,40(8):2111-2136.
Verganti R.2008.Design meanings,and radical innovation:A metamodel and a research agenda[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,25(5):436-456.
Weick K E,Sutcliffe K M,Obstfeld D.1999.Organizing for high reliability:Processes of collective mindfulness[J].Research in Organizational Behavior,(21):81-123.
Wildavsky A B.1991.Searching for Safety[M].New Brunswick:Transaction.
Weick K E.1993.The collapse of sensemaking in organizations:The mann gulch disaster[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,38(4):628-652.
Zollo M,Singh H.2004.Deliberate learning in corporate acquisitions:Post-Acquisition strategies and integration capability in US bank mergers[J].Strategic Management Journal,25(13):1233-1256.
葛明磊,张丽华.2017.企业大学双元能力促进学习项目运营:华为大学的案例研究[J].管理案例研究与评论,10(6):555-567.
林海芬,苏敬勤.2012.管理创新效力提升机制:组织双元性视角[J].科研管理,33(2):1-10.
林海芬,于泽川,王涛.2017.基于组织惯例的组织创新持续内生机理研究评述[J].研究与发展管理,29(1):127-138.
陆亚东,孙金云,武亚军.2015.“合”理论:基于东方文化背景的战略理论新范式[J].外国经济与管理,37(6):3-25.
彭永捷.2011.重拾被遗忘的东方:兼评“东方哲学”与五卷本《东方哲学史》[J].哲学研究,(10):64-70.
庞大龙,徐立国,席酉民.2017.悖论管理的思想溯源、特征启示与未来前景[J].管理学报,14(2):168-175.
孙正聿.2016.存在论、本体论和世界观“:思维和存在的关系问题”的辩证法[J].哲学研究,(6):19-27.
武亚军.2013.“战略框架式思考”“、悖论整合”与企业竞争优势:任正非的认知模式分析及管理启示[J].管理世界,(4):150-167.
席酉民,韩巍,葛京.2006.和谐管理理论研究[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社.
张祥龙.1993.胡塞尔、海德格与东方哲学[J].中国社会科学,(6):45-55.
Adler P S,Benner M,Brunner D J,et al.2009.Perspectives on the productivity dilemma[J].Journal of Operations Management,27(2):99-113.
Andriopoulos C,Lewis M W.2009.Exploitation-exploration tensions and organizational ambidexterity:Managing paradoxes of innovation[J].Organization Science,20(4):696-717.
Besharov M L.2014.The relational ecology of identification:How organizational identification emerges when individuals hold divergent values[J].Academy of Management Journal,57(5):1485-1512.
Bigley G A,Roberts K H.2001.The incident command system:High-reliability organizing for complex and volatile task environments[J].Academy of Management Journal,44(6):1281-1299.
Birkinshaw J,Hamel C,Mol M J.2008.Management innovation[J].Academy of Management Review,33(4):825-845.
Burgelman R A.2002.Strategy as vector and the inertia of coevolutionary lock-in[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,47(2):325-357.
Burns T E,Stalker G M.1961.The Management Innovation[M].London:Tavistock Publication.
Cohen M D,Bacdayan P.1994.Organizational routines are stored as procedural memory:Evidence from a laboratory study[J].Organization Science,5(4):554-568.
Chen M J.2002.Transcending paradox:The Chinese'Middle Way'perspective[J].Asia Pacific Journal of Management,19(1):179-199.
Clegg S.2002 Management and Organization Paradoxes[M].Amsterdam:John Benjamins.
Cohen M D.2007.Reading dewey:Reflections on the study of routine[J].Organization Studies,28(5):773-786.
Feldman M S,Pentland B T.2003.Reconceptualizing organizational routines as a source of flexibility and change[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,48(1):94-118.
Farjoun M.2010.Beyond dualism:Stability and change as a duality[J].Academy of Management Review,35(2):202-225.
Farjoun M,Starbuck W H.2011.Organizing at and beyond the limits[J].Organization Studies,28(4):541-566.
Hannan M T,Freeman J R.1984.Structural inertia and organizational change[J].American Sociological Review,49(2):149-164.
Holland J H.1992.Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems[M].2nd ed.Cambridge:MIT Press.
He Z L,Wong P K.2004.Exploration vs exploitation:An empirical test of the ambidexterity hypothesis[J].Organization Science,15(4):481-494.
James E H,Wooten L P,Dushek K.2011.Crisis management:Informing a new leadership research agenda[J].Academy of Management Annals,5(1):455-493.
Klahr D,Simon H A.1999.Studies of scientific discovery:Complementary approaches and convergent findings[J].Psychological Bulletin,125(5):524-543.
Klein K J,Ziegert J C,Knight A P,et al.2006.Dynamic delegation:Shared,hierarchical,and deindividualized leadership in extreme action teams[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,51(4):590-621.
Landau M,Chisholm D.1995.The arrogance of optimism:Notes on failure-avoidance management[J].Journal of Contingencies&Crisis Management,3(2):67-80.
Lewis M W.2000.Exploring paradox:Toward a more comprehensive guide[J].Academy of Management Review,25(4):760-776.
Lüscher S L,Lewis M W.2008.Organizational change and managerial sensemaking:Working through paradox[J].Academy of Management Journal,51(2):221-240.
Li P P.2014.The unique value of Yin-Yang balancing:A critical response[J].Management and Organization Review,10(2):321-332.
March J G.1991.Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning[J].Organization Science,2(1):71-87.
March J G.1996.Continuity and change in theories of organizational action[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,41(2):278-287.
March J G.2006.Rationality,foolishness,and adaptive intelligence[J].Strategic Management Journal,27(3):201-214.
Nelson R R,Winter S G.1982.An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change[M].Cambridge:Harvard University Press.
O'Reilly C A,Tushman M L.2013.Organizational ambidexterity:Past,present,and future[J].Academy of Management Perspectives,27(4):324-338.
Poole M S,Van de Ven A H.1989.Using paradox to build management and organization theories[J].Academy of Management Review,14(4):562-578.
Peng K,Nisbett R E.1999.Culture,dialectics,and reasoning about contradiction[J].American Sychologist,54(9):741-754.
Rothenberg A.1979.The Emerging Goddess[M].Chicago:University of Chicago Press.
Raisch S,Birkinshaw J,Probst G,et al.2009.Organizational ambidexterity:Balancing exploitation and exploration for sustained performance[J].Organization Science,20(4):685-695.
Rerup C,Feldman M S.2011.Routines as a source of change in prganizational schemata:The role of trial-and-error learning[J].Academy of Management Journal,54(3):577-610.
Simons R.1995.Levers of Control:How Managers Use Innovative Control Systems to Drive Strategic Renewal[M].Boston:Harvard Business School Press.
Sawyer R K.2006.Explaining Creativity:The Science of Human Innovation[M].2nd ed.London:Oxford University Press.
Smith W K,Lewis M W.2011.Toward a dynamic theory of paradox:A dynamic of equilibrium model of organizing[J].Academy of Management Review,36(2):381-403.
Smith W K,Chertok M A.2012.Paradoxical leadership model for social entrepreneurs:Challenges,leadership skills,and pedagogical tools for managing social and commercial demands[J].Academy of Management Learning&Education,11(3):463-478.
Schad J,Lewis M W,Raisch S,et al.2016.Paradox research in management science:Looking back to move forward[J].Academy of Management Annals,10(1):5-64.
Thompson J D,Zald M N,Scott W R.1967.Organizations in Action:Social Science Bases of Administrative Theory[M].New York:McGraw-Hill.
Tushman M L,Romanelli E.1985.Organizational evolution:A metamorphosis model of convergence and reorientation[J].Research in Organizational Behavior,7(1):71-222.
Teece D J,Pisano G,Shuen A.1997.Dynamic capabilities and strategic management[J].Strategic Management Journal,18(7):509-533.
Volberda H W,Lewin A Y.2003.Co-evolutionary dynamics within and between firms:From evolution to coevolution[J].Journal of Management Studies,40(8):2111-2136.
Verganti R.2008.Design meanings,and radical innovation:A metamodel and a research agenda[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,25(5):436-456.
Weick K E,Sutcliffe K M,Obstfeld D.1999.Organizing for high reliability:Processes of collective mindfulness[J].Research in Organizational Behavior,(21):81-123.
Wildavsky A B.1991.Searching for Safety[M].New Brunswick:Transaction.
Weick K E.1993.The collapse of sensemaking in organizations:The mann gulch disaster[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,38(4):628-652.
Zollo M,Singh H.2004.Deliberate learning in corporate acquisitions:Post-Acquisition strategies and integration capability in US bank mergers[J].Strategic Management Journal,25(13):1233-1256.