半封闭和全封闭循环水养殖南美洲鳗鲡的效果比较
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摘要
为提升循环水养殖南美洲鳗鲡(Anguilla rostrata)的节水、水质与养殖效果,通过增加移动床生物膜反应池等单元,对半封闭循环水养殖系统进行升级,建立全封闭循环水养殖系统,并开展养殖对照试验,试验为期180 d。结果显示:全封闭循环水养殖(处理组)的单产、结束尾重、尾日增重和日水循环利用率分别为62. 8 kg/m~3、621. 7 g、3. 28 g和92%,较半封闭循环水养殖(对照组),分别提高了15. 4%、15. 5%、16. 3%和73. 3%(P <0. 05);处理组的饲料系数1. 55,显著低于对照组12. 5%(P <0. 05);处理组的总氮、硝酸盐氮、亚硝酸盐氮、氨氮、活性磷和总磷质量浓度分别低于对照组14. 8%、37. 0%、42. 6%、79. 1%、17. 9%和15. 6%(P <0. 05)。全封闭循环水养殖南美洲鳗鲡较半封闭循环水养殖具有提高水循环利用率、改良水质、提高单产和生长速度以及降低饲料系数和发病率等优点。
To improve the water saving,water quality and culture effects of recirculating aquaculture of Anguilla rostrata,one semi-enclosed recirculating aquaculture system was upgraded to construct the enclosed recirculating aquaculture system by adding the units such as moving bed biofilm reaction pool,and comparative experiments on aquaculture were carried out with a duration of 180 d. Results showed that the yield per unit,final weight,final weight increment and daily water recirculation rate of enclosed recirculating aquaculture( treatment group) were 62. 8 kg/m3,621. 7 g,3. 28 g and 92% respectively,which were 15. 4%,15. 5%,16. 3% and 73. 3% more than semi-enclosed recirculating aquaculture( control group) respectively( P <0. 05); feed coefficient in the treatment group was 1. 55,significantly 12. 5% less than the control group( P <0. 05); the concentrations of total nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,nitrite nitrogen,ammonia nitrogen,labile phosphorus and total phosphorus in the treatment group were respectively 14. 8%,37. 0%,42. 6%,79. 1%,17. 9% and 15. 6% less than the control group( P < 0. 05). Compared with semi-enclosed recirculating aquaculture,enclosed recirculating aquaculture of Anguilla rostrata had the advantages of improving water recirculation rate,improving water quality,increasing yield per unit and growth rate,and reducing feed coefficient and morbidity.
To improve the water saving,water quality and culture effects of recirculating aquaculture of Anguilla rostrata,one semi-enclosed recirculating aquaculture system was upgraded to construct the enclosed recirculating aquaculture system by adding the units such as moving bed biofilm reaction pool,and comparative experiments on aquaculture were carried out with a duration of 180 d. Results showed that the yield per unit,final weight,final weight increment and daily water recirculation rate of enclosed recirculating aquaculture( treatment group) were 62. 8 kg/m3,621. 7 g,3. 28 g and 92% respectively,which were 15. 4%,15. 5%,16. 3% and 73. 3% more than semi-enclosed recirculating aquaculture( control group) respectively( P <0. 05); feed coefficient in the treatment group was 1. 55,significantly 12. 5% less than the control group( P <0. 05); the concentrations of total nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,nitrite nitrogen,ammonia nitrogen,labile phosphorus and total phosphorus in the treatment group were respectively 14. 8%,37. 0%,42. 6%,79. 1%,17. 9% and 15. 6% less than the control group( P < 0. 05). Compared with semi-enclosed recirculating aquaculture,enclosed recirculating aquaculture of Anguilla rostrata had the advantages of improving water recirculation rate,improving water quality,increasing yield per unit and growth rate,and reducing feed coefficient and morbidity.
引文
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[19]刘卫东,苏浩,邓立康.微生物在水产养殖中的应用[J].水产科学,2001(2):28-31.
[20]谭洪新,刘艳红,朱学宝,等.闭合循环水产养殖-植物水栽培综合生产系统的工艺设计及运行效果[J].水产学报,2004,28(6):689-694.
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[22]洪万树.美洲鳗鲡生物学[J].海洋科学,1998,22(2):34-35.
[23]汪宏伟,于金山,赵常山.池塘生物膜低碳养殖模式及对水质影响的试验研究[J].科学养鱼,2017(9):56-58.
[24]张哲.鳗鲡循环水养殖中水处理技术与养殖效果的研究[D].厦门:集美大学,2011.
[25]陈锤.花鳗鲡的生态学特征与开发利用[J].北京水产,2005(1):54.
[2]邓棚文.三种不同生物滤器应用于改进鳗鲡水泥池精养模式的研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2013.
[3]刘佩,孙炜琳.我国水产养殖业的发展现状·存在问题及对策[J].安徽农业科学,2013(30):11981-11984.
[4]宿墨.我国水产养殖产业供给侧改革的思考——推广工厂化循环水养殖技术的机遇与动力[J].中国水产,2017(1):40-44.
[5] RUSTEN B,EIKEBROKK B,ULGENES Y,et al. Design and operations of the Kaldnes moving bed biofilm reactors[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2006,34(3):322-331.
[6]邓来富,江兴龙.池塘养殖生物修复技术研究进展[J].海洋与湖沼,2013,44(5):1270-1275.
[7]江兴龙.一种水产养殖用移动床生物膜反应器:ZL201320412295. 4[P].
[8]江兴龙.水产养殖专用生物膜净水栅:ZL201120032516.6[P].
[9]江兴龙,关瑞章.日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica)精养殖水体生物膜原位修复低碳养殖技术的研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2010,41(5):769-775.
[10]GB17378. 4—2007.海洋监测规范第4部分:海水分析[S].
[11]樊海平.我国鳗鲡养殖业的现状与发展对策[J].科学养鱼,2006(2):1-2.
[12]福建省海洋与渔业局.福建省加强水产品质量安全工作[J].中国渔业经济,2004(2):22-23.
[13]尼逸伦.池塘生物膜低碳养殖新模式应用研究[D].厦门:集美大学,2015.
[14]孙剑,罗国芝,孙大川,等.欧洲鳗半封闭循环水养殖模式的运行效果研究[J].广东农业科学,2014,41(5):203-207.
[15]江兴龙.日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica)土池生物膜原位修复低碳养殖技术的研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2012,43(6):1134-1140.
[16]周子明,李华,刘青松,等.工厂化循环水养殖系统中生物填料的研究现状[J].水处理技术,2015(12):33-37.
[17]周律,李哿,SHIN HANGSIK,等.污水生物处理中生物膜传质特性的研究进展[J].环境科学学报,2011,31(8):1580-1586.
[18]江兴龙,邓来富.凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)池塘生物膜低碳养殖技术研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2013,44(6):1536-1543.
[19]刘卫东,苏浩,邓立康.微生物在水产养殖中的应用[J].水产科学,2001(2):28-31.
[20]谭洪新,刘艳红,朱学宝,等.闭合循环水产养殖-植物水栽培综合生产系统的工艺设计及运行效果[J].水产学报,2004,28(6):689-694.
[21]罗国芝,朱泽闻,潘云峰,等.生物絮凝技术在水产养殖中的应用[J].中国水产,2010(2):62-63.
[22]洪万树.美洲鳗鲡生物学[J].海洋科学,1998,22(2):34-35.
[23]汪宏伟,于金山,赵常山.池塘生物膜低碳养殖模式及对水质影响的试验研究[J].科学养鱼,2017(9):56-58.
[24]张哲.鳗鲡循环水养殖中水处理技术与养殖效果的研究[D].厦门:集美大学,2011.
[25]陈锤.花鳗鲡的生态学特征与开发利用[J].北京水产,2005(1):54.