中国博士后制度演进中的路径依赖及其突破——基于新制度经济学理论的分析视角
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摘要
自1985年建立至今,我国的博士后制度发展了三十余年,形成了独特的制度体系。从新制度经济学的理论视角看,博士后制度变迁呈现出多重的特征,但总体上发展缓慢,创新不足。受初始路径选择的影响、制度供给与需求的失衡以及配套制度存量不足的限制,博士后制度在发展中出现了路径依赖和锁定效应,尤其是制度延续的报酬递增和自我强化机制导致了博士后制度的失效。为打破制度的路径封闭,我国应当从制度的顶层设计、体系创新及配套改革三个方面实现路径突破。
Since the establishment of the postdoctoral system in 1985,China′s postdoctoral system has gone through more than three decades,and formed a unique system.From the perspective of New Institutional Economics Theory,this system demonstrates multiple characteristics,typically develops so slowly and lacks innovation in a whole.Affected by the initial path selection,the imbalance of supply and demand in the system running process,and the limitation of supporting system,the postdoctoral system shows path dependence and lock-in effects in development.Especially,the increasing rewards and the self-reinforcing mechanism for the continuation of the system result in its invalidation.In order to break the path lock-in,we should make breakthroughs from the following three ways:top-level design,mechanism innovation and support system,and promote the coupling relationship of the postdoctoral system and social macro environment.
Since the establishment of the postdoctoral system in 1985,China′s postdoctoral system has gone through more than three decades,and formed a unique system.From the perspective of New Institutional Economics Theory,this system demonstrates multiple characteristics,typically develops so slowly and lacks innovation in a whole.Affected by the initial path selection,the imbalance of supply and demand in the system running process,and the limitation of supporting system,the postdoctoral system shows path dependence and lock-in effects in development.Especially,the increasing rewards and the self-reinforcing mechanism for the continuation of the system result in its invalidation.In order to break the path lock-in,we should make breakthroughs from the following three ways:top-level design,mechanism innovation and support system,and promote the coupling relationship of the postdoctoral system and social macro environment.
引文
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[5]卢现祥.论制度变迁中的制度供给过剩问题[J].经济问题,2000(10):8-11.
[6]中国博士后科学基金会[EB/OL].(2016-01-06)[2017-03-21].http://jj.chinapostdoctor.org.cn/V1/Program1/Default.aspx.
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[8]道格拉斯·诺思.制度变迁与经济绩效[M].杭行,译.上海:格致出版社,2008:1.
[9]许士荣.我国博士后政策制定的渐进主义分析[J].中国高教研究,2014(5):7-12.
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[12]刘丹华,曹杰,尹永纯,等.博士后工作评估的理论与实践[M].北京:科学出版社,2015:86.