基于讨价还价博弈理论的分布式能源合作收益分配模型
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摘要
虚拟电厂(VPP)内参与合作的分布式能源(DERs)往往分属不同的利益实体,实现VPP收益公平合理的分配至关重要。基于讨价还价博弈理论,通过效用函数反映风险厌恶程度,综合考虑边际贡献、间歇性电源的预测能力、平衡市场的惩罚力度等因素量化谈判力水平,从而建立DERs联合参与短期能量市场的收益分配模型。通过对VPP的实际算例分析,验证了所提模型的可行性与合理性,该模型可有效评价各DER的特性,保证分配的相对公平性和联盟的稳定性,并可对DERs行为形成正向激励和引导,提高经济利益。
The cooperative DERs( Distributed Energy Resources) in a VPP( Virtual Power Plant) usually belong to different interest entities,so a fair and reasonable profit allocation of VPP is crucial. A profit allocation model of DERs' joint participation in the short-term energy market is built based on bargaining game theory,which uses the utility function to reflect the degree of risk aversion,and comprehensively considers the quantified bargaining power levels of factors such as the marginal contribution,the forecasting accuracy of intermittent power generation,the punishment strength of balancing market,etc. The feasibility and rationality of the proposed model are verified by the actual case analysis of VPP. The proposed model can effectively evaluate the characteristics of each DER,guarantee relative allocation fairness and coalition stability,form a positive incentive and guide for DERs' behaviors,and improve economic interests.
The cooperative DERs( Distributed Energy Resources) in a VPP( Virtual Power Plant) usually belong to different interest entities,so a fair and reasonable profit allocation of VPP is crucial. A profit allocation model of DERs' joint participation in the short-term energy market is built based on bargaining game theory,which uses the utility function to reflect the degree of risk aversion,and comprehensively considers the quantified bargaining power levels of factors such as the marginal contribution,the forecasting accuracy of intermittent power generation,the punishment strength of balancing market,etc. The feasibility and rationality of the proposed model are verified by the actual case analysis of VPP. The proposed model can effectively evaluate the characteristics of each DER,guarantee relative allocation fairness and coalition stability,form a positive incentive and guide for DERs' behaviors,and improve economic interests.
引文
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[16]王一,龚媛,王程,等.基于讨价还价博弈的中长期购电计划制定方法[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2013,25(2):136-142.WANG Yi,GONG Yuan,WANG Cheng,et al. Medium and longtern power purchase plan based on bargaining game[J]. Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA,2013,25(2):136-142.
[17]岳超源.决策理论与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:31-51.
[18]李春杰,程艳从,赵会茹.基于效用函数的电力普遍服务综合效用评价[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(22):50-54.LI Chunjie,CHENG Yancong,ZHAO Huiru. Comprehensive utility evaluation of electric power universal service based on utility function[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(22):50-54.
[19]VALENTIN R,GEORGIOS C,RAMACHANDRA K,et al. Rewarding cooperative virtual power plant formation using scoring rules[J].Energy,2016,117:19-28.
[20]OMIE. Our electricity markets[EB/OL].[2017-03-10]. http:∥www.omel.es/files/flash/ResultadosMercado.swf.
[2]臧海祥,余爽,卫志农,等.计及安全约束的虚拟电厂两层优化调度[J].电力自动化设备,2016,36(8):96-102.ZANG Haixiang,YU Shuang,WEI Zhinong,et al. Safety-constrained two-layer optimal dispatch of virtual power plant[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment,2016,36(8):96-102.
[3]任洪波,杨健,班银银,等.分布式能源互联网的探索与展望[J].中国能源,2015,37(3):38-41.REN Hongbo,YANG Jian,BAN Yinyin,et al. Exploration and prospect of distributed energy internet[J]. Energy of China,2015,37(3):38-41.
[4]张国荣,陈夏冉.能源互联网未来发展综述[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(1):1-7.ZHANG Guorong,CHEN Xiaran. Future development of energy internet[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(1):1-7.
[5]余爽,卫志农,孙国强,等.考虑不确定性因素的虚拟电厂竞标模型[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(22):43-49.YU Shuang,WEI Zhinong,SUN Guoqiang,et al. A bidding model for a virtual power plant considering uncertainties[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(22):43-49.
[6]孙国强,袁智,许晓慧,等.碳排放约束下虚拟电厂鲁棒优化竞标模型[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(2):97-103.SUN Guoqiang,YUAN Zhi,XU Xiaohui,et al. Bidding model based on robust optimization for virtual power plant under carbon emission constraint[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(2):97-103.
[7]周亦洲,孙国强,黄文进,等.计及电动汽车和需求响应的虚拟电厂多类电力市场竞标模型[J].电网技术,2017,41(6):1759-1766.ZHOU Yizhou,SUN Guoqiang,HUANG Wenjin,et al. Strategic bidding model for virtual power plant in different electricity markets considering electric vehicles and demand response[J]. Power System Technology,2017,41(6):1759-1766.
[8]董文略,王群,杨莉.含风光水的虚拟电厂与配电公司协调调度模型[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(9):75-81.DONG Wenlue,WANG Qun,YANG Li. A coordinated dispatching model for a distribution utility and virtual power plants with wind/photovoltaic/hydro generators[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(9):75-81.
[9]DABBAGH S R,SHEIKH-EL-ESLAMI M K. Risk-based profit allocation to DERs integrated with a virtual power plant using coope-rative game theory[J]. Electric Power Systems Research,2015,121:368-378.
[10]CHENG Yan,FAN Songli,NI Jianmo,et al. An innovative profit allocation to distributed energy resources integrated into virtual power plant[C]∥International Conference on Renewable Power Generation(RPG 2015). Beijing,China:IET,2015:1-6.
[11]胡殿刚,刘毅然,王坤宇,等.多商业型虚拟发电厂联合竞标及分配策略[J].电网技术,2016,40(5):1550-1557.HU Diangang,LIU Yiran,WANG Kunyu,et al. Joint bidding and distribution strategies for multiple commercial virtual power plant[J]. Power System Technology,2016,40(5):1550-1557.
[12]CONEJO A J,CARRION M,MORALES J M. Decision making under uncertainty in electricity markets[M]. New York,USA:Springer,2010:63-92.
[13]汪贤裕,肖玉明.博弈论及其应用[M]. 2版.北京:科学出版社,2016:179-200.
[14]卢强,陈来军,梅生伟.博弈论在电力系统中典型应用及若干展望[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(29):5009-5017.LU Qiang,CHEN Laijun,MEI Shengwei. Typical applications and prospects of game theory in power system[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(29):5009-5017.
[15]刘蕴,冯穗力.基于广义纳什讨价还价解的资源分配方法[J].电路与系统学报,2012,17(6):21-26.LIU Yun,FENG Suili. Resource allocation algorithm based on generalized Nash bargaining solution[J]. Journal of Circuits and Systems,2012,17(6):21-26.
[16]王一,龚媛,王程,等.基于讨价还价博弈的中长期购电计划制定方法[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2013,25(2):136-142.WANG Yi,GONG Yuan,WANG Cheng,et al. Medium and longtern power purchase plan based on bargaining game[J]. Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA,2013,25(2):136-142.
[17]岳超源.决策理论与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:31-51.
[18]李春杰,程艳从,赵会茹.基于效用函数的电力普遍服务综合效用评价[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(22):50-54.LI Chunjie,CHENG Yancong,ZHAO Huiru. Comprehensive utility evaluation of electric power universal service based on utility function[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(22):50-54.
[19]VALENTIN R,GEORGIOS C,RAMACHANDRA K,et al. Rewarding cooperative virtual power plant formation using scoring rules[J].Energy,2016,117:19-28.
[20]OMIE. Our electricity markets[EB/OL].[2017-03-10]. http:∥www.omel.es/files/flash/ResultadosMercado.swf.