博斯腾湖的湖陆风特征及其数值模拟研究
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摘要
采用基本气象站和区域气象站观测资料分析了2013年6月至2014年5月期间博斯腾湖的湖陆风日变化特征和季节特征,进而通过中尺度数值模拟分析博斯腾湖湖陆风的发展过程及其与天山山谷风的相互作用。结果表明,博斯腾湖北侧湖风与中天山南侧谷风叠加效应造成局地环流增强,从湖岸到山体,叠加效应造成的局地环流最大振幅表现出增大、减小、再增大的特点;湖岸区域湖风开始时间与距离的关系不显著,当离岸距离增大到约20 km以上,距离每增加约6 km,湖风开始时间推迟1 h;湖北侧湖风锋穿透内陆距离比受天山主体影响较小的湖南侧远约11 km;随着湖北侧湖风锋向天山靠近,湖风与谷风耦合作用不断加强。
Bosten Lake,one of the largest inland freshwater lakes in China,is located in the southern foot of the central Tianshan Mountains. The diurnal variation and seasonal characteristics of the lake/land breeze from June2013 to May 2014 were analyzed using the surface observation. Based on mesoscale numerical simulation,the development of lake/land breeze of Bosten Lake and its interaction with the mountain/valley breeze of Tianshan Mountains are explored. The results showthat local circulation enhancement caused by the coupling of the lake breeze in the north of the Bosten Lake and the valley breeze in the south of the central Tianshan Mountains. From the shore to the mountain,the maximum of the local wind has a variation of increase,decrease and then increase.The onset of Lake Breeze does not showa significant delay in the near shore area,and when the offshore distance is greater than 20 km,the onset of the lake breeze is delayed by 1 h every 6 km. The lake breeze fronts in the north of the Bosten Lake can move much more distance than in the south,where without the influence of big mountain. As the lake breeze fronts in the north of the Bosten Lake approached the mountain,the coupling of the lake breeze and the valley breeze strengthened.
Bosten Lake,one of the largest inland freshwater lakes in China,is located in the southern foot of the central Tianshan Mountains. The diurnal variation and seasonal characteristics of the lake/land breeze from June2013 to May 2014 were analyzed using the surface observation. Based on mesoscale numerical simulation,the development of lake/land breeze of Bosten Lake and its interaction with the mountain/valley breeze of Tianshan Mountains are explored. The results showthat local circulation enhancement caused by the coupling of the lake breeze in the north of the Bosten Lake and the valley breeze in the south of the central Tianshan Mountains. From the shore to the mountain,the maximum of the local wind has a variation of increase,decrease and then increase.The onset of Lake Breeze does not showa significant delay in the near shore area,and when the offshore distance is greater than 20 km,the onset of the lake breeze is delayed by 1 h every 6 km. The lake breeze fronts in the north of the Bosten Lake can move much more distance than in the south,where without the influence of big mountain. As the lake breeze fronts in the north of the Bosten Lake approached the mountain,the coupling of the lake breeze and the valley breeze strengthened.
引文
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Shimada S,Ohsawa T,Chikaoka S,et al,2011.Accuracy of the wind speed profile in the lower PBL as simulated by the WRF model[J].Scientific Online Letters on the Atmosphere,7:109-112.
Sills D M L,Brook J R,Levy I,et al,2011.Lake breezes in the southern Great Lakes region and their influence during BAQS-Met 2007[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,11(15):7955-7973.
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Zumpfe D E,Horel J D,2007.Lake-breeze fronts in the Salt Lake Valley[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology,46(2):196-211.
曹渐华,刘熙明,李国平,等,2015.鄱阳湖地区湖陆风特征及成因分析[J].高原气象,34(2):426-435.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2013.00197.
吕雅琼,马耀明,李茂善,等,2008.纳木错湖夏季典型大气边界层特征的数值模拟[J].高原气象,27(4):733-740.
马晨晨,余晔,何建军,等,2016.次网格地形参数化对WRF模式在复杂地形区风场模拟的影响[J].干旱气象,34(1):96-105.
徐安伦,董保举,刘劲松,等,2010.洱海湖滨大气边界层结构及特征分析[J].高原气象,29(3):637-644.
杨罡,刘树华,朱蓉,等,2011.鄱阳湖地区大气边界层特征的数值模拟[J].地球物理学报,54(4):896-908.
Asai T,Mitsumoto S,1978.Effects of inclined land surface on the land and sea breeze circulation:A numerical experiment[J].Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan,56(6):559-570.
Boybeyi Z,Raman S,1992.A three-dimensional numerical sensitivity study of mesoscale circulations induced by circular lakes[J].Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics,49(1/4):19-41.
Comer N,Mckendry I,1993.Observations and numerical modelling of Lake Ontario breezes[J].Atmosphere,31(4),481-499.
Estoque M A,Gross J M,1981.Further studies of a lake breeze partII:theoretical study[J].Monthly Weather Review,109(3):619-634.
Gilliam R C,Raman S,Niyogi D D S,2004.Observational and numerical study on the influence of large-scale flow direction and coastline shape on sea-breeze evolution[J].Boundary-Layer Meteorology,111(2):275-300.
Kikuchi Y,Arakawa S,Kimura F,et al,1981.Numerical study on the effects of mountains on the land and sea breeze circulation in the Kanto District[J].Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan,59(5):723-738.
Laird N F,Kristovich D A R,Liang X Z,et al,2001.Lake Michigan lake breezes:climatology,local forcing,and synoptic environment[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology,40(3):409-424.
Mahrer Y,Pielke R A,1977.The effects of topography on sea and land breezes in a two-dimensional numerical model[J].Monthly Weather Review,105(9):235-240.
Mcpherson R D,1970.A numerical study of the effect of a coastal irregularity on the sea breeze[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology,9(5):767-777.
Neumann J,Mahrer Y,1975.A theoretical study of the lake and land breezes of circular lakes[J].Monthly Weather Review,103(6):474-485.
Ookouchi Y,Uryu M,Sawada R,1978.A numerical study on the effects of a mountain on the land and sea breezes[J].Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan,56(3):368-386.
Physick W L,1976.A numerical model of the sea breeze phenomenon over a lake or gulf[J]Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences,33(11):2107-2135.
Porson A,Steyn D G,Schayes G,2007.Sea breeze scaling from numerical model simulations,partII:Interaction between sea breezes and slope flows[J].Boundary-Layer Meteorology.122(1):31-41.
Segal M,Leuthold M,Arritt R W,et al,1997.Small lake daytime breezes:some observational and conceptual evaluations[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,78(6):1135-1147.
Shimada S,Ohsawa T,Chikaoka S,et al,2011.Accuracy of the wind speed profile in the lower PBL as simulated by the WRF model[J].Scientific Online Letters on the Atmosphere,7:109-112.
Sills D M L,Brook J R,Levy I,et al,2011.Lake breezes in the southern Great Lakes region and their influence during BAQS-Met 2007[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,11(15):7955-7973.
Zhu M,Atkinson B W,2004.Observed and modelled climatology of the land-sea breeze circulation over the Persian Gulf[J].International Journal of Climatology,24(7):883-905.
Zumpfe D E,Horel J D,2007.Lake-breeze fronts in the Salt Lake Valley[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology,46(2):196-211.
曹渐华,刘熙明,李国平,等,2015.鄱阳湖地区湖陆风特征及成因分析[J].高原气象,34(2):426-435.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2013.00197.
吕雅琼,马耀明,李茂善,等,2008.纳木错湖夏季典型大气边界层特征的数值模拟[J].高原气象,27(4):733-740.
马晨晨,余晔,何建军,等,2016.次网格地形参数化对WRF模式在复杂地形区风场模拟的影响[J].干旱气象,34(1):96-105.
徐安伦,董保举,刘劲松,等,2010.洱海湖滨大气边界层结构及特征分析[J].高原气象,29(3):637-644.
杨罡,刘树华,朱蓉,等,2011.鄱阳湖地区大气边界层特征的数值模拟[J].地球物理学报,54(4):896-908.