新疆博格达山岩面生地衣群落结构特征
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摘要
根据对新疆博格达山岩面生地衣群落20个样点(20m×20m)调查的数据,以各地衣种的盖度为指标结合双向指示种分析方法(TWINSPAN)和除趋势对应分析法(DCA)对博格达山岩面生地衣群落进行数量分类并分析了群落结构特征及其多样性和相似性。采用典范对应分析法(CCA)对各群落的物种分布格局与环境因子的关系进行研究。结果表明,TWINSPAN分析和DCA排序将分布在博格达山的37种岩面生地衣分为以下5个群丛。群丛1:斑纹网衣(Lecidea tessellate Florke)+粉芽盾衣(Peltula euploca(Ach.)Poelt)+杜瑞氏黄梅(Xanthoparmelia durietzii Hale)群丛,有25个种,总覆盖度为30.145%,多样性为4.025;群丛2:袋衣(Hypogymnia physodes(L.)Nyl.)+白边平茶渍(Aspicilia sublaqueata(H.Magn.)J.C.Wei)+砖孢胶衣(Collema subconveniens Nyl.)群丛,有17个种,地衣总盖度为15.885%,多样性为3.196;群丛3:聚茶渍(Lecanora accumulate H.Magn.)+丽石黄衣(Xanthoria elegans(Link)Th.Fr.)+亚洲平茶渍(Aspicilia asiatica(H.Magn.)Yoshim.)群丛,有30个种,地衣总盖度为37.87%,多样性为4.357;群丛4:中华石果衣(Endocarpon sinense H.Magn.)+伴藓大孢蜈蚣衣(Physconia muscigena(Ach.)Poelt.)+垫脐鳞衣(Rhizoplaca melanophthalma(DC.)Leuckert&Poelt)群丛,有24个种,地衣总盖度为30.458%,多样性为3.912;群丛5:石胶衣(Collema flaccidum(Ach.)Ach.)+短绒皮果衣(Dermatocarpon vellereum Zschacke)+绿黑地图衣(Rhizocarpon viridiatrum(Wulfen)Korber.)群丛,有18个种,地衣总盖度为19.331%,多样性为3.515。CCA排序结果反映,该地区岩面生地衣的分布与海拔高度、光照强度、岩石pH和人为干扰有关,其中影响最大的因素是海拔高度,其次为光照强度和干扰。坡向和岩石大小对地衣种类分布的影响不显著。
In this investigation of saxicolous lichen communities in the Bogda Mountains using 20 quadrats(20 m × 20 m),the data were classified based on species coverage using two-way indicator species analysis(TWINSPAN) and detrended correspondence analysis(DCA). Community structure characteristics,species diversity,and similarity index were analyzed.The relationship between species distribution of saxicolous lichens and six different environmental factors was examined by canonical correspondence analysis(CCA). The results showed that the saxicolous lichen community can be divided into five associations according to the TWINSPAN analysis and DCA ordination: Association 1(Lecidea tessellata Florke + Peltula euploca(Ach.) Poelt + Xanthoparmelia durietzii Hale),including 25 species with the total coverage of 30. 145% and diversity of 4.025; Association 2(Hypogymnia physodes(L.) Nyl. + Aspicilia sublaqueata(H. Magn.) J. C. Wei + Collema subconveniens Nyl.),including 17 species with the total coverage of 15. 885% and diversity of 3. 196; Association 3(Lecanora accumulata H. Magn.+Xanthoria elegans(Link) Th. Fr.+Aspicilia asiatica(H. Magn.) Yoshim.),including 30 species with the total coverage of 37.87% and diversity of 4.357; Association 4(Endocarpon sinense H. Magn. +Physconia muscigena(Ach.) Poelt. + Rhizoplaca melanophthalma(DC.) Leuckert & Poelt),including 24 species with the total coverage of 30.458% and diversity of 3.912; and Association 5(Collema flaccidum(Ach.) Ach. +Dermatocarpon vellereum Zschacke+ Rhizocarpon viridiatrum(Wulfen) Korber.),including 18 species with the total coverage of 19. 331% and diversity of 3. 515. The CCA ordination results showed that the species composition and distribution pattern of saxicolous lichens were most strongly influenced by altitude,then light intensity,rock pH,and human disturbance; the distribution pattern of the lichen communities did not significantly correlate with aspect and rock size.
In this investigation of saxicolous lichen communities in the Bogda Mountains using 20 quadrats(20 m × 20 m),the data were classified based on species coverage using two-way indicator species analysis(TWINSPAN) and detrended correspondence analysis(DCA). Community structure characteristics,species diversity,and similarity index were analyzed.The relationship between species distribution of saxicolous lichens and six different environmental factors was examined by canonical correspondence analysis(CCA). The results showed that the saxicolous lichen community can be divided into five associations according to the TWINSPAN analysis and DCA ordination: Association 1(Lecidea tessellata Florke + Peltula euploca(Ach.) Poelt + Xanthoparmelia durietzii Hale),including 25 species with the total coverage of 30. 145% and diversity of 4.025; Association 2(Hypogymnia physodes(L.) Nyl. + Aspicilia sublaqueata(H. Magn.) J. C. Wei + Collema subconveniens Nyl.),including 17 species with the total coverage of 15. 885% and diversity of 3. 196; Association 3(Lecanora accumulata H. Magn.+Xanthoria elegans(Link) Th. Fr.+Aspicilia asiatica(H. Magn.) Yoshim.),including 30 species with the total coverage of 37.87% and diversity of 4.357; Association 4(Endocarpon sinense H. Magn. +Physconia muscigena(Ach.) Poelt. + Rhizoplaca melanophthalma(DC.) Leuckert & Poelt),including 24 species with the total coverage of 30.458% and diversity of 3.912; and Association 5(Collema flaccidum(Ach.) Ach. +Dermatocarpon vellereum Zschacke+ Rhizocarpon viridiatrum(Wulfen) Korber.),including 18 species with the total coverage of 19. 331% and diversity of 3. 515. The CCA ordination results showed that the species composition and distribution pattern of saxicolous lichens were most strongly influenced by altitude,then light intensity,rock pH,and human disturbance; the distribution pattern of the lichen communities did not significantly correlate with aspect and rock size.
引文
[1]James P W,Hawksworth D L,Rose F.Lichen communities in the British Isles:a preliminary conspectus//Seaward M R D,ed.Lichen Ecology.London:Academic Press,1977:296-413.
[2]Schoenwetter T.Epiphytic Lichen Communities on Mountain Beech,Nothofagus Solandri var.Cliffortioides in Craigieburn Forest Park,South Island,New Zealand[D].New Zealand:Lincoln University,2010.
[3]Ray D G,Barton J W,Lendemer J C.Lichen community response to prescribed burning and thinning in southern pine forests of the mid-Atlantic coastal plain,USA.Fire Ecology,2015,11(3):14-32.
[4]王永健,陶建平,彭月.陆地植物群落物种多样性研究进展.广西植物,2006,26(4):406-411.
[5]Primack R B.Essentials of Conservation Biology.5th ed.Sunderland,MA:Sinauer Associates,Inc.,2010:1-215.
[6]袁蕾,周华荣,宗召磊,叶琴.乌鲁木齐地区典型灌木群落结构特征及其多样性研究.西北植物学报,2014,34(3):595-603.
[7]Armstrong R A,Welch A R.Competition in lichen communities.Symbiosis,2007,43(1):1-12.
[8]John E A.Fine scale patterning of species distributions in a saxicolous lichen community at Jonas Rockslide,Canadian Rocky Mountains.Ecography,1990,13(3):187-194.
[9]John E,Dale M R T.Environmental correlates of species distributions in a saxicolous lichen community.Journal of Vegetation Science,1990,1(3):385-392.
[10]Matthes U,Ryan B D,Larson D W.Community structure of epilithic lichens on the cliffs of the Niagara Escarpment,Ontario,Canada.Plant Ecology,2000,148(2):233-244.
[11]Pastore A I,Prather C M,Gornish E S,Ryan W H,Ellis R D,Miller T E.Testing the competition-colonization trade-off with a 32-year study of a saxicolous lichen community.Ecology,2014,95(2):306-315.
[12]Li S,Liu W Y,Wang L S,Ma W Z,Song L.Biomass,diversity and composition of epiphytic macrolichens in primary and secondary forests in the subtropical Ailao Mountains,SW China.Forest Ecology and Management,2011,261(11):1760-1770.
[13]Li S,Liu W Y,Li D W.Bole epiphytic lichens as potential indicators of environmental change in subtropical forest ecosystems in southwest China.Ecological Indicators,2013,29(6):93-104.
[14]王玉良,郑爱琴,阿不都拉·阿巴斯.鹞落坪树生地衣群落数量分类及多样性.广西植物,2011,31(6):747-753.
[15]艾尼瓦尔·吐米尔,阿不都拉·阿巴斯.新疆阿勒泰山两河源自然保护区地面生地衣的物种多样性.生物多样性,2006,14(5):444-450.
[16]艾尼瓦尔·吐米尔,阿不都拉·阿巴斯.乌鲁木齐南部山区岩面生地衣群落特征的研究.菌物学报,2009,28(2):178-188.
[17]艾尼瓦尔·吐米尔,阿地力江·阿不都拉,阿不都拉·阿巴斯.乌鲁木齐南部山区地生地衣群落分布格局.生物多样性,2011,19(5):574-580.
[18]艾尼瓦尔·吐米尔,阿不都拉·阿巴斯.新疆托木尔峰国家级自然保护区岩面生地衣群落数量分类及其与环境相关性.植物资源与环境学报,2015,24(2):80-87.
[19]艾尼瓦尔·吐米尔,阿不都拉·阿巴斯.阿尔泰山两河源自然保护区森林生态系统朽木生地衣群落的数量分类.菌物学报,2015,34(3):357-365.
[20]艾尼瓦尔·吐米尔,阿迪力江·阿不都拉,阿不都拉·阿巴斯.新疆阿尔泰山两河源自然保护区岩面生地衣群落特征的研究.干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(9):74-79.
[21]张元明,曹同,潘伯荣.新疆博格达山地面生苔藓植物物种多样性研究.应用生态学报,2003,14(6):887-891.
[22]中国科学院植物研究所,中国科学院新疆综合考察队.新疆植被及其利用.北京:科学出版社,1978:92-223.
[23]Gates D M.Radiant energy,its receipt and disposal//Waggoner P E,Gates D M,Webb E K,van Wijk W R,Businger J A,Crawford T V,Hendershott C H,Moss D N,Johnson H D,Chepil W S,Henson W R,Gardner W R,Slavík B,Thornthwaite C W,Hare F K,McQ uigg J D,eds.Agricultural Meteorology.Meteorological Monographs.Boston,MA:American Meteorological Society,1965,6(28):1-26.
[24]Campbell G S,Norman J M.An Introduction to Environmental Biophysics.2nd ed.New York:Springer-Verlag,1997:247-277.
[25]阿不都拉·阿巴斯,吴继农.新疆地衣.乌鲁木齐:新疆科技卫生出版社,1998:25-161.
[26]Dobson F S.Lichens---An Illustrated Guide to the British and Irish Species.6th ed.Slough:The Richmond Publishing Co,2011:1-496.
[27]Brodo I M.Keys to Lichens of North America:Revised and Expanded.New Haven:Yale University Press,2016:1-424.
[28]Kooch Y,Jalilvand H,Bahmanyar M A,Pormajidian M R.Application of two way indicator species analysis in Lowland plant types classification.Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences,2008,11(5):752-757.
[29]Guvenc S,Oran S,Ozturk S.The epiphytic lichens on Anatolian black pine[Pinus nigra Arnd.subsp.pallasiana(Lamb.)Holmboe]in Mt.Uludag(Bursa-Turkey).Journal of Applied Biological Sciences,2009,3(2):157-161.
[30]欧光龙,彭明春,和兆荣,王崇云,王浩波,向伶.高黎贡山北段植物群落TWINSPAN数量分类研究.云南植物研究,2008,30(6):679-687.
[31]余敏,周志勇,康峰峰,欧阳帅,米湘成,孙建新.山西灵空山小蛇沟林下草本层植物群落梯度分析及环境解释.植物生态学报,2013,37(5):373-383.
[32]赵志模,郭依泉.群落生态学原理与方法.重庆:科学技术文献出版社重庆分社,1990:147-192.
[33]阳含熙,卢泽愚.植物生态学的数量分类方法.北京:科学出版社,1981:1-420.
[34]郭水良,于晶,陈国奇.生态学数据分析---方法、程序与软件.北京:科学出版社,2015:1-272.
[35]Armstrong R A.The response of lichen growth to transplantation to rock surfaces of different aspect.New Phytologist,1977,78(2):473-478.
[36]Bjelland T.The influence of environmental factors on the spatial distribution of saxicolous lichens in a Norwegian coastal community.Journal of Vegetation Science,2003,14(4):525-534.
[37]Scarciglia F,Saporito N,La Russa M F,Le Pera E,Macchione M,Puntillo D,Crisci G M,Pezzino A.Role of lichens in weathering of granodiorite in the Sila uplands(Calabria,southern Italy).Sedimentary Geology,2012,280(12):119-134.
[38]Allen A,Hilton B.Distribution and zonation of maritime lichens in Sark.La SociétéGuernesiaise,1987,22(2):234-257.
[39]MacD onald A M,Lundholm J T,Clayden S R.Saxicolous lichens on a Nova Scotian Coastal Barren.Northeastern Naturalist,2011,18(4):475-488.
[40]Chen J,Blume H P,Beyer L.Weathering of rocks induced by lichen colonization-a review.CATENA,2000,39(2):121-146.
[41]Johansson P.Consequences of disturbance on epiphytic lichens in boreal and near boreal forests.Biological Conservation,2008,141(8):1933-1944.
[2]Schoenwetter T.Epiphytic Lichen Communities on Mountain Beech,Nothofagus Solandri var.Cliffortioides in Craigieburn Forest Park,South Island,New Zealand[D].New Zealand:Lincoln University,2010.
[3]Ray D G,Barton J W,Lendemer J C.Lichen community response to prescribed burning and thinning in southern pine forests of the mid-Atlantic coastal plain,USA.Fire Ecology,2015,11(3):14-32.
[4]王永健,陶建平,彭月.陆地植物群落物种多样性研究进展.广西植物,2006,26(4):406-411.
[5]Primack R B.Essentials of Conservation Biology.5th ed.Sunderland,MA:Sinauer Associates,Inc.,2010:1-215.
[6]袁蕾,周华荣,宗召磊,叶琴.乌鲁木齐地区典型灌木群落结构特征及其多样性研究.西北植物学报,2014,34(3):595-603.
[7]Armstrong R A,Welch A R.Competition in lichen communities.Symbiosis,2007,43(1):1-12.
[8]John E A.Fine scale patterning of species distributions in a saxicolous lichen community at Jonas Rockslide,Canadian Rocky Mountains.Ecography,1990,13(3):187-194.
[9]John E,Dale M R T.Environmental correlates of species distributions in a saxicolous lichen community.Journal of Vegetation Science,1990,1(3):385-392.
[10]Matthes U,Ryan B D,Larson D W.Community structure of epilithic lichens on the cliffs of the Niagara Escarpment,Ontario,Canada.Plant Ecology,2000,148(2):233-244.
[11]Pastore A I,Prather C M,Gornish E S,Ryan W H,Ellis R D,Miller T E.Testing the competition-colonization trade-off with a 32-year study of a saxicolous lichen community.Ecology,2014,95(2):306-315.
[12]Li S,Liu W Y,Wang L S,Ma W Z,Song L.Biomass,diversity and composition of epiphytic macrolichens in primary and secondary forests in the subtropical Ailao Mountains,SW China.Forest Ecology and Management,2011,261(11):1760-1770.
[13]Li S,Liu W Y,Li D W.Bole epiphytic lichens as potential indicators of environmental change in subtropical forest ecosystems in southwest China.Ecological Indicators,2013,29(6):93-104.
[14]王玉良,郑爱琴,阿不都拉·阿巴斯.鹞落坪树生地衣群落数量分类及多样性.广西植物,2011,31(6):747-753.
[15]艾尼瓦尔·吐米尔,阿不都拉·阿巴斯.新疆阿勒泰山两河源自然保护区地面生地衣的物种多样性.生物多样性,2006,14(5):444-450.
[16]艾尼瓦尔·吐米尔,阿不都拉·阿巴斯.乌鲁木齐南部山区岩面生地衣群落特征的研究.菌物学报,2009,28(2):178-188.
[17]艾尼瓦尔·吐米尔,阿地力江·阿不都拉,阿不都拉·阿巴斯.乌鲁木齐南部山区地生地衣群落分布格局.生物多样性,2011,19(5):574-580.
[18]艾尼瓦尔·吐米尔,阿不都拉·阿巴斯.新疆托木尔峰国家级自然保护区岩面生地衣群落数量分类及其与环境相关性.植物资源与环境学报,2015,24(2):80-87.
[19]艾尼瓦尔·吐米尔,阿不都拉·阿巴斯.阿尔泰山两河源自然保护区森林生态系统朽木生地衣群落的数量分类.菌物学报,2015,34(3):357-365.
[20]艾尼瓦尔·吐米尔,阿迪力江·阿不都拉,阿不都拉·阿巴斯.新疆阿尔泰山两河源自然保护区岩面生地衣群落特征的研究.干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(9):74-79.
[21]张元明,曹同,潘伯荣.新疆博格达山地面生苔藓植物物种多样性研究.应用生态学报,2003,14(6):887-891.
[22]中国科学院植物研究所,中国科学院新疆综合考察队.新疆植被及其利用.北京:科学出版社,1978:92-223.
[23]Gates D M.Radiant energy,its receipt and disposal//Waggoner P E,Gates D M,Webb E K,van Wijk W R,Businger J A,Crawford T V,Hendershott C H,Moss D N,Johnson H D,Chepil W S,Henson W R,Gardner W R,Slavík B,Thornthwaite C W,Hare F K,McQ uigg J D,eds.Agricultural Meteorology.Meteorological Monographs.Boston,MA:American Meteorological Society,1965,6(28):1-26.
[24]Campbell G S,Norman J M.An Introduction to Environmental Biophysics.2nd ed.New York:Springer-Verlag,1997:247-277.
[25]阿不都拉·阿巴斯,吴继农.新疆地衣.乌鲁木齐:新疆科技卫生出版社,1998:25-161.
[26]Dobson F S.Lichens---An Illustrated Guide to the British and Irish Species.6th ed.Slough:The Richmond Publishing Co,2011:1-496.
[27]Brodo I M.Keys to Lichens of North America:Revised and Expanded.New Haven:Yale University Press,2016:1-424.
[28]Kooch Y,Jalilvand H,Bahmanyar M A,Pormajidian M R.Application of two way indicator species analysis in Lowland plant types classification.Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences,2008,11(5):752-757.
[29]Guvenc S,Oran S,Ozturk S.The epiphytic lichens on Anatolian black pine[Pinus nigra Arnd.subsp.pallasiana(Lamb.)Holmboe]in Mt.Uludag(Bursa-Turkey).Journal of Applied Biological Sciences,2009,3(2):157-161.
[30]欧光龙,彭明春,和兆荣,王崇云,王浩波,向伶.高黎贡山北段植物群落TWINSPAN数量分类研究.云南植物研究,2008,30(6):679-687.
[31]余敏,周志勇,康峰峰,欧阳帅,米湘成,孙建新.山西灵空山小蛇沟林下草本层植物群落梯度分析及环境解释.植物生态学报,2013,37(5):373-383.
[32]赵志模,郭依泉.群落生态学原理与方法.重庆:科学技术文献出版社重庆分社,1990:147-192.
[33]阳含熙,卢泽愚.植物生态学的数量分类方法.北京:科学出版社,1981:1-420.
[34]郭水良,于晶,陈国奇.生态学数据分析---方法、程序与软件.北京:科学出版社,2015:1-272.
[35]Armstrong R A.The response of lichen growth to transplantation to rock surfaces of different aspect.New Phytologist,1977,78(2):473-478.
[36]Bjelland T.The influence of environmental factors on the spatial distribution of saxicolous lichens in a Norwegian coastal community.Journal of Vegetation Science,2003,14(4):525-534.
[37]Scarciglia F,Saporito N,La Russa M F,Le Pera E,Macchione M,Puntillo D,Crisci G M,Pezzino A.Role of lichens in weathering of granodiorite in the Sila uplands(Calabria,southern Italy).Sedimentary Geology,2012,280(12):119-134.
[38]Allen A,Hilton B.Distribution and zonation of maritime lichens in Sark.La SociétéGuernesiaise,1987,22(2):234-257.
[39]MacD onald A M,Lundholm J T,Clayden S R.Saxicolous lichens on a Nova Scotian Coastal Barren.Northeastern Naturalist,2011,18(4):475-488.
[40]Chen J,Blume H P,Beyer L.Weathering of rocks induced by lichen colonization-a review.CATENA,2000,39(2):121-146.
[41]Johansson P.Consequences of disturbance on epiphytic lichens in boreal and near boreal forests.Biological Conservation,2008,141(8):1933-1944.