三塘湖盆地马中致密油藏注水吞吐探索与实践
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摘要
三塘湖盆地马郎凹陷马中致密油藏水平井投入开发后,地层压力下降快,自然递减大,投产第1年自然递减超过50%,一次投产采收率低的矛盾凸显,亟需开展提高采收率矿场试验。通过对比分析马中致密油藏储层物性、含油性及岩石润湿性,储层相对润湿指数0.18～0.48,表现为弱亲水-亲水特征,适合注水吞吐,并对注水吞吐机理及影响因素进行了深入分析研究,有效地指导了现场实践,开展先导试验注水吞吐7口井,平均单井日增油10.3 t,平均单井累计增油805 t。注水吞吐已经成为马中致密油藏一种新的有效开发方式,分析认为注水吞吐效果与吞吐水量呈正相关性,当注入压力达到超地层破裂压力吞吐效果较好,水平段轨迹位于油层中上部的井注水吞吐效果好于水平段轨迹位于油层下部的井,但随着注水吞吐轮次的增加效果减弱,下步需要研究多轮次注水吞吐后提高采收率的技术。
After the horizontal well in Mazhong tight oil reservoir of Malang sag, the Santanghu Basin is put into production, the formation pressure drops fast and the natural decline is great. The natural decline in the first year after the commissioning is over 50%, revealing the significant contradict of low recovery factor of primary commissioning, so it is in urgent need to carry out EOR field tests. The reservoir physical properties, oil bearing property and rock wettability of Mazhong tight oil reservoir were comparatively analyzed. It is shown that the relative wettability index of the reservoir is 0.18～0.48, and the characteristics of weak water wetting-water wetting are presented, so cyclic water injection is suitable in Mazhong tight oil reservoir. Then, the mechanisms and influential factors of cyclic water injection were analyzed deeply to provide the effective guidance for field practice. The pilot test of cyclic water injection was conducted at 7 wells and their average daily oil increment per well and average cumulative oil increment per well are 10.3 t and 805 t, respectively. So far, cyclic water injection has been a new effective development technology for Mazhong tight oil reservoir. In conclusion, the effect of cyclic water injection is in positive correlation with the water throughput and it is better when the injection pressure reaches the super fracture pressure. In addition, the effect of the cyclic water injection in the wells whose horizontal sections are located in the middle and upper parts of the oil layer is better than that in those whose horizontal sections are located in the lower part of the oil layer. As the cycle of the cyclic water injection increases, however, the effect diminishes. Therefore, it is necessary to study the EOR technologies after multiple cycles' cyclic water injection in the following step.
After the horizontal well in Mazhong tight oil reservoir of Malang sag, the Santanghu Basin is put into production, the formation pressure drops fast and the natural decline is great. The natural decline in the first year after the commissioning is over 50%, revealing the significant contradict of low recovery factor of primary commissioning, so it is in urgent need to carry out EOR field tests. The reservoir physical properties, oil bearing property and rock wettability of Mazhong tight oil reservoir were comparatively analyzed. It is shown that the relative wettability index of the reservoir is 0.18～0.48, and the characteristics of weak water wetting-water wetting are presented, so cyclic water injection is suitable in Mazhong tight oil reservoir. Then, the mechanisms and influential factors of cyclic water injection were analyzed deeply to provide the effective guidance for field practice. The pilot test of cyclic water injection was conducted at 7 wells and their average daily oil increment per well and average cumulative oil increment per well are 10.3 t and 805 t, respectively. So far, cyclic water injection has been a new effective development technology for Mazhong tight oil reservoir. In conclusion, the effect of cyclic water injection is in positive correlation with the water throughput and it is better when the injection pressure reaches the super fracture pressure. In addition, the effect of the cyclic water injection in the wells whose horizontal sections are located in the middle and upper parts of the oil layer is better than that in those whose horizontal sections are located in the lower part of the oil layer. As the cycle of the cyclic water injection increases, however, the effect diminishes. Therefore, it is necessary to study the EOR technologies after multiple cycles' cyclic water injection in the following step.
引文
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[8]王晓东,赵振峰,李向平,马兵,杨晓刚,闫永萍.鄂尔多斯盆地致密油层混合水压裂试验[J].石油钻采工艺,2012,34(5):80-83.WANG Xiaodong,ZHAO Zhenfeng,LI Xiangping,MABing,YANG Xiaogang,YAN Yongping.Mixing water fracturing technology for tight oil reservoir in ordos basin[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2012,34(5):80-83.
[9]代旭.大液量注水吞吐技术在致密油藏水平井中的应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2017,36(6):134-139.DAI Xu.Application of massive waterflooding huff-puff technique in the tight oil reservoir for horizontal wells[J].Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqin,2017,36(6):134-139.
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[12]黄大志,向丹.注水吞吐采油机理研究[J].油气地质与采收率,2004,11(5):39-40,43.HUANG Dazhi,XIANG Dan.Study of oil production mechanism by water-flood stimulation[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2004,11(5):39-40,43.
[13]孙兵,刘立峰,丁江辉.致密油水平井产能主控地质因素研究[J].特种油气藏,2017,24(2):115-119.SUN Bing,LIU Lifeng,DING Jianghui.Main geologic factors controlling the productivity of horizontal wells in tight oil reservoirs[J].Special Oil and Gas Reservoirs,2017,24(2):115-119.
[14]王鹏志.注水吞吐开发低渗透裂缝油藏探讨[J].特种油气藏,2006,13(2):46-47.WANG Pengzhi.An approach of developing low permeability fractured reservoirs by cyclic water injection[J].Special Oil and Gas Reservoirs,2006,13(2):46-47.
[15]李忠兴,屈雪峰,刘万涛,雷启鸿,孙华岭,何右安.鄂尔多斯盆地长7段致密油合理开发方式探讨[J].2015,42(2):217-221.LI Zhongxing,QU Xuefeng,LIU Wantao,LEI Qihong,SUN Hualing,HE Youan.Development modes of Triassic Yanchang Formation Chang 7 Member tight oil in Ordos Basin,NW China[J].2015,42(2):217-221.
[16]王平平,李秋德,杨博,柴惠强,李龙龙,胡刚,罗栋,卜广平.胡尖山油田安83长7致密油地层能量补充方式研究[J].石油化工应用,2015,34(3):58-62.WANG Pingping,LI Qiude,YANG Bo,CHAI Huiqiang,LI Longlong,HU Gang,LUO Dong,BO Guangping.Researching on the formation energy supplement of An83 Chang 7 tight oil reservoir of Hujianshan oilfield[J].Petrochemical Industry Application,2015,34(3):58-62.
[2]杜金虎,刘合,马德胜,付金华,王玉华,周体尧.试论中国陆相致密油有效开发技术[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(2):198-205.DU Jinhu,LIU He,MA Desheng,FU Jinhua,WANGYuhua,ZHOU Tiyao.Discussion on effective development techniques for continental tight oil in china[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(2):198-205.
[3]TABATABAEI M,MARK D,DANIELS R.Evaluating the performance of hydraulically fractured horizontal wells in the Bakken Shale Play[R].SPE 122570,2009.
[4]魏海峰,凡哲元,袁向春.致密油藏开发技术研究进展[J].油气地质与采收率,2013,20(2):62-66.WEI Haifeng,FAN Zheyuan,YUAN Xiangchun.Review on new advances in foreign tight oil development technology and their enlightenment[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2013,20(2):62-66.
[5]李晓辉.致密油注水吞吐采油技术在吐哈油田的探索[J].特种油气藏,2015,22(4):144-146,158.LI Xiaohui.Development and application of separatelayer fracturing string in low-permeability reservoir with thin alternating layers[J].Special Oil and Gas Reservoir,2015,22(4):144-146,158.
[6]黄大志,向丹,王成善.油田注水吞吐采油的可行性分析[J].钻采工艺,2003,26(4):17-19.HUANG Dazhi,XIANG Dan,WANG Chengshan.Afeasibility analysis of water-flood swallowing-spiting oil production[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2003,26(4):17-19.
[7]吴忠宝,曾倩,李锦,王璐.体积改造油藏注水吞吐有效补充地层能量开发的新方式[J].油气地质与采收率,2017,24(5):78-83,92.WU Zhongbao,ZENG Qian,LI Jin,WANG Lu.New effective energy-supplement development method of waterflood huff and puff for the oil reservoir with stimulated reservoir volume fracturing[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2017,24(5):78-83,92.
[8]王晓东,赵振峰,李向平,马兵,杨晓刚,闫永萍.鄂尔多斯盆地致密油层混合水压裂试验[J].石油钻采工艺,2012,34(5):80-83.WANG Xiaodong,ZHAO Zhenfeng,LI Xiangping,MABing,YANG Xiaogang,YAN Yongping.Mixing water fracturing technology for tight oil reservoir in ordos basin[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2012,34(5):80-83.
[9]代旭.大液量注水吞吐技术在致密油藏水平井中的应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2017,36(6):134-139.DAI Xu.Application of massive waterflooding huff-puff technique in the tight oil reservoir for horizontal wells[J].Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqin,2017,36(6):134-139.
[10]程远方,王光磊,李友志,时贤,徐鹏.致密油体积压裂缝网扩展模型建立与应用[J].特种油气藏,2014,21(4):138-141.CHENG Yuanfang,WANG Guanglei,LI Youzhi,SHIXian,XU Peng.Establishment and application of fracture propagation model for volumetric fracturing in tight oil reservoir[J].Special Oil and Gas Reservoirs,2014,21(4):138-141.
[11]杨亚东,杨兆中,甘振维,蒋海,易祖坤.单井注水吞吐在塔河油田的应用[J].天然气勘探与开发,2006,29(2):32-35.YANG Yadong,YANG Zhaozhong,GAN Zhenwei,JIANG Hai,YI Zhukun.Application of water flood huff and puff with single in tahe oil field[J].Natural Gas Exploration&Development,2006,29(2):32-35.
[12]黄大志,向丹.注水吞吐采油机理研究[J].油气地质与采收率,2004,11(5):39-40,43.HUANG Dazhi,XIANG Dan.Study of oil production mechanism by water-flood stimulation[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2004,11(5):39-40,43.
[13]孙兵,刘立峰,丁江辉.致密油水平井产能主控地质因素研究[J].特种油气藏,2017,24(2):115-119.SUN Bing,LIU Lifeng,DING Jianghui.Main geologic factors controlling the productivity of horizontal wells in tight oil reservoirs[J].Special Oil and Gas Reservoirs,2017,24(2):115-119.
[14]王鹏志.注水吞吐开发低渗透裂缝油藏探讨[J].特种油气藏,2006,13(2):46-47.WANG Pengzhi.An approach of developing low permeability fractured reservoirs by cyclic water injection[J].Special Oil and Gas Reservoirs,2006,13(2):46-47.
[15]李忠兴,屈雪峰,刘万涛,雷启鸿,孙华岭,何右安.鄂尔多斯盆地长7段致密油合理开发方式探讨[J].2015,42(2):217-221.LI Zhongxing,QU Xuefeng,LIU Wantao,LEI Qihong,SUN Hualing,HE Youan.Development modes of Triassic Yanchang Formation Chang 7 Member tight oil in Ordos Basin,NW China[J].2015,42(2):217-221.
[16]王平平,李秋德,杨博,柴惠强,李龙龙,胡刚,罗栋,卜广平.胡尖山油田安83长7致密油地层能量补充方式研究[J].石油化工应用,2015,34(3):58-62.WANG Pingping,LI Qiude,YANG Bo,CHAI Huiqiang,LI Longlong,HU Gang,LUO Dong,BO Guangping.Researching on the formation energy supplement of An83 Chang 7 tight oil reservoir of Hujianshan oilfield[J].Petrochemical Industry Application,2015,34(3):58-62.