不同种类钾肥配施比例对烤烟产质量的影响
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摘要
为探究不同种类钾肥配施比例对烤烟产质量的影响,采用田间试验研究了硫酸钾和黄腐酸钾不同配施比例对烤烟农艺性状、经济性状、外观质量和感官质量的影响。结果表明,完全施用硫酸钾或黄腐酸钾均不利于烟株和叶片的发育,m(K_2O_硫)∶m(K_2O_黄)(来源于硫酸钾和黄腐酸钾的钾素比例)为3∶7时烟株及叶片发育最好。m(K_2O_硫)∶m(K_2O_黄)为3∶7时,产量、产值、单叶重均达到最高,经济性状最优,但之后随来源于硫酸钾的钾素施用比例提高,烤后烟叶经济性状下降。施用黄腐酸钾有助于改善烤后烟叶外观质量,但m(K_2O_硫)∶m(K_2O_黄)≤5∶5时,改善效果不明显,以m(K_2O_硫)∶m(K_2O_黄)为3∶7时烤后烟叶外观质量最好。m(K_2O_硫)∶m(K_2O_黄)为3∶7时烤后烟叶钾含量较高。在感官质量方面,3个部位烟叶均以全部施用黄腐酸钾处理烤后烟叶感官质量评价较好。
A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of combining application of various potassium(K) fertilizers on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that it was not favorable to flue-cured tobacco growth when only potassium sulphate or potassium fulvic acid was applied. When the application proportion of potash fertilizer types between potassium sulphate and potassium fulvic acid was 3:7, flue-cured tobacco development was the best. The application proportion of potash fertilizer types between potassium sulphate and potassium fulvic acid which had the highest yield, output value and single leaf weight was 3:7, but the agronomic characters declined with the potassium sulphate application proportion increase. Potassum fulvic acid applying could improve appearance quality of tobacco leaves after curing, but there was no significant effect when the potassium fulvic acid application proportion was less than or equal to 5:5. The application proportion of potash fertilizer types between potassium sulphate and potassumfulvic acid which had the best appearance quality was 3:7. Cured leaves with the application proportion of potash fertilizer types between potassium sulphate and potassumfulvic acid was equal to 3:7 had the highest potassium content. For smoking quality, cured leaves applied with only potassium fulvic acid were better.
A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of combining application of various potassium(K) fertilizers on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that it was not favorable to flue-cured tobacco growth when only potassium sulphate or potassium fulvic acid was applied. When the application proportion of potash fertilizer types between potassium sulphate and potassium fulvic acid was 3:7, flue-cured tobacco development was the best. The application proportion of potash fertilizer types between potassium sulphate and potassium fulvic acid which had the highest yield, output value and single leaf weight was 3:7, but the agronomic characters declined with the potassium sulphate application proportion increase. Potassum fulvic acid applying could improve appearance quality of tobacco leaves after curing, but there was no significant effect when the potassium fulvic acid application proportion was less than or equal to 5:5. The application proportion of potash fertilizer types between potassium sulphate and potassumfulvic acid which had the best appearance quality was 3:7. Cured leaves with the application proportion of potash fertilizer types between potassium sulphate and potassumfulvic acid was equal to 3:7 had the highest potassium content. For smoking quality, cured leaves applied with only potassium fulvic acid were better.
引文
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[4]欧阳铎声,罗建新,苏国栋,等.烤烟钾亏缺及饱和效应的研究[J].湖南农学院学报,1992(18):17-21.OUYANG D S,LUO J X,SU G D,et al.Effects of potassium application on the flue-cured tobacco[J].Journal of Hunan Agricultural college,1992(18):17-21.
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[6]王金星,李高坡,符云鹏,等.施用生物炭、黄腐酸钾对云烟87烤烟产质量的影响[J].山东农业科学,2017,49(6):83-87.WANG J X,LI G P,FU Y P,et al.Effects of increasing application of biochar and fulvic acid potassium on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco variety Yunyan 87[J].Shandong Agricultural Sciences,2017,49(6):83-87.
[7]郭春燕.钾肥施用方式及配施不同有机酸对烤烟烟叶生理特性及产、质量的影响研究[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2013.GUO C Y.Effects of potassium fertilization modes and combined different organic acids on physiological characteristics and yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves[D].Zhengzhou:Henan Agricultural University,2013.
[8]高伟,李明悦,杨军,等.黄腐酸钾不同用量对番茄产量、品质及土壤理化性质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(33):46-49.GAO W,LI M Y,YANG J,et al.Effect of different application amounts of potassium fulvate on yield and quality of tomato and soil physical and chemical properties[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2017,33(33):46-49.
[9]彭玉净,高进华,卞会涛,等.黄腐酸钾对春萝卜生长及产量的影响研究[J].腐殖酸,2016(1):12-15.PENG Y J,GAO J H,BIAN H T,et al.Effects of fulvic acid potassium on growth and yield of spring radish[J].Humic Acid,2016(1):12-15.
[10]赵永长,宋文静,董建新,等.黄腐酸钾对干旱胁迫下烤烟幼苗活性氧代谢的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2017,38(4):29-36.ZHAO Y C,SONG W J,DONG J X,et al.Effects of fulvic acid potassium on reactive oxygen metabolism of flue-cured tobacco seedlings grown under drought stress[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2017,38(4):29-36.
[11]赖洪敏,罗刚,林北森,等.黄腐酸钾对烤烟生长及品质的影响[J].腐殖酸,2017(5):35-39.LAI H M,LUO G,LIN B S,et al.Effects of potassium fulvic acid on growth and quality of flue-cured tobacco[J].Humic Acid,2017(5):35-39.
[12]陈泽斌,夏体渊,郭丽红,等.黄腐酸钾对烟草云烟97生长发育和产量品质的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(1):52-55.CHEN Z B,XIA T Y,GUO L H,et al.Effects of potassium fulvic acid on growth and quality of flue-cured tobacco variety Yunyan 97[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2018,46(1):52-55.
[13]李高坡.不同施肥措施对南阳烤烟钾素吸收及烟叶品质的影响[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2015.LI G P.The influence of different fertilization measures on potassium absorption and the quality of flue-cured tobacco in Nanyang[D].Zhengzhou:Henan Agricultural University,2015.
[14]孙小茗.钾离子跨细胞膜吸收过程受铵影响的机理探讨[D].扬州:扬州大学,2006.SUN X M.Study of the inhibitory mechanism of ammonium on the potassium uptake[D].Yangzhou:Yangzhou University,2006.
[15]何永秋,刘国顺,杨永锋,等.不同钾肥配施对烤烟石油醚提取物和中性致香物质的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2013,19(1):10-14.HE Y Q,LIU G S,YANG Y F,et al.Effects of different combinations of potassium fertilizers on petroleum ether extracts and neutral aroma constituents in flue-cured tobacco leaves[J].Acta Tabacaria sinica,2013,19(1):10-14.
[2]李佛琳,彭佳芬,萧凤回,等.我国烟草钾累积研究的现状与展望[J].中国烟草科学,1999,20(1):22-25.LI F L,PENG J F,XIAO F H,et al.Current status and prospects of researches on tobacco potassium nutrition in China[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,1999,20(1):22-25.
[3]汪丽,刘雷,杨文钰,等.种植密度与施钾量对烤烟品质的影响[J].华北农学报,2007,22(增刊):106-110.WANG L,LIU L,YANG W Y,et al.Effects of plant population and K application level on the quality of leaves of flue-cured tobacco[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-sinica,2007,22(suppl.):106-110.
[4]欧阳铎声,罗建新,苏国栋,等.烤烟钾亏缺及饱和效应的研究[J].湖南农学院学报,1992(18):17-21.OUYANG D S,LUO J X,SU G D,et al.Effects of potassium application on the flue-cured tobacco[J].Journal of Hunan Agricultural college,1992(18):17-21.
[5]卢剑,王龙,孙曙光,等.不同钾肥种类对烤烟品质的影响[J].山西农业科学,2012,40(12):1277-1281.LU J,WANG L,SUN S G,et al.Influence of potash fertilizer types on flue-cured tobacco quality[J].Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences,2012,40(12):1277-1281.
[6]王金星,李高坡,符云鹏,等.施用生物炭、黄腐酸钾对云烟87烤烟产质量的影响[J].山东农业科学,2017,49(6):83-87.WANG J X,LI G P,FU Y P,et al.Effects of increasing application of biochar and fulvic acid potassium on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco variety Yunyan 87[J].Shandong Agricultural Sciences,2017,49(6):83-87.
[7]郭春燕.钾肥施用方式及配施不同有机酸对烤烟烟叶生理特性及产、质量的影响研究[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2013.GUO C Y.Effects of potassium fertilization modes and combined different organic acids on physiological characteristics and yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves[D].Zhengzhou:Henan Agricultural University,2013.
[8]高伟,李明悦,杨军,等.黄腐酸钾不同用量对番茄产量、品质及土壤理化性质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(33):46-49.GAO W,LI M Y,YANG J,et al.Effect of different application amounts of potassium fulvate on yield and quality of tomato and soil physical and chemical properties[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2017,33(33):46-49.
[9]彭玉净,高进华,卞会涛,等.黄腐酸钾对春萝卜生长及产量的影响研究[J].腐殖酸,2016(1):12-15.PENG Y J,GAO J H,BIAN H T,et al.Effects of fulvic acid potassium on growth and yield of spring radish[J].Humic Acid,2016(1):12-15.
[10]赵永长,宋文静,董建新,等.黄腐酸钾对干旱胁迫下烤烟幼苗活性氧代谢的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2017,38(4):29-36.ZHAO Y C,SONG W J,DONG J X,et al.Effects of fulvic acid potassium on reactive oxygen metabolism of flue-cured tobacco seedlings grown under drought stress[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2017,38(4):29-36.
[11]赖洪敏,罗刚,林北森,等.黄腐酸钾对烤烟生长及品质的影响[J].腐殖酸,2017(5):35-39.LAI H M,LUO G,LIN B S,et al.Effects of potassium fulvic acid on growth and quality of flue-cured tobacco[J].Humic Acid,2017(5):35-39.
[12]陈泽斌,夏体渊,郭丽红,等.黄腐酸钾对烟草云烟97生长发育和产量品质的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(1):52-55.CHEN Z B,XIA T Y,GUO L H,et al.Effects of potassium fulvic acid on growth and quality of flue-cured tobacco variety Yunyan 97[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2018,46(1):52-55.
[13]李高坡.不同施肥措施对南阳烤烟钾素吸收及烟叶品质的影响[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2015.LI G P.The influence of different fertilization measures on potassium absorption and the quality of flue-cured tobacco in Nanyang[D].Zhengzhou:Henan Agricultural University,2015.
[14]孙小茗.钾离子跨细胞膜吸收过程受铵影响的机理探讨[D].扬州:扬州大学,2006.SUN X M.Study of the inhibitory mechanism of ammonium on the potassium uptake[D].Yangzhou:Yangzhou University,2006.
[15]何永秋,刘国顺,杨永锋,等.不同钾肥配施对烤烟石油醚提取物和中性致香物质的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2013,19(1):10-14.HE Y Q,LIU G S,YANG Y F,et al.Effects of different combinations of potassium fertilizers on petroleum ether extracts and neutral aroma constituents in flue-cured tobacco leaves[J].Acta Tabacaria sinica,2013,19(1):10-14.