云南省2017年鼠疫监测结果分析
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摘要
目的掌握和分析云南省2017年鼠疫疫情现况,为鼠疫防控对策提供科学依据。方法按《全国鼠疫监测方案》和《云南省鼠疫监测方案》,于2017年对云南省104个县、市开展鼠疫宿主、媒介、病原学和血清学监测,并对每月监测报表进行收集整理,对监测结果使用SPSS 19.0软件进行统计学分析,率的比较采用χ2检验。结果捕获啮齿动物分别属于3目4科10属17种,其中黄胸鼠鼠疫疫源地以黄胸鼠、褐家鼠为优势种,齐氏姬鼠-大绒鼠鼠疫疫源地以齐氏姬鼠、大绒鼠为优势种。从啮齿动物体表检出的跳蚤分别属于1目5科12属12种,黄胸鼠鼠疫疫源地黄胸鼠鼠体蚤以印鼠客蚤和缓慢细蚤为主,褐家鼠鼠体蚤以缓慢细蚤、印鼠客蚤和不等单蚤为主。齐氏姬鼠-大绒鼠鼠疫疫源地齐氏姬鼠鼠体蚤以棕形额蚤、特新蚤指名亚种为主。大绒鼠鼠体蚤以方叶栉眼蚤为主,特新蚤指名亚种为次要寄生染蚤种。对49 182只动物和21 533组蚤方法进行细菌学检测,分别检出鼠疫菌10株和5株。应用鼠疫间接血凝试验检测动物血清20 503份,阳性8份,应用鼠疫反相间接血凝试验检测动物脏器213份,阳性7份。结论云南省齐氏姬鼠-大绒鼠鼠疫疫源地玉龙县、古城区、剑川县和鹤庆县发生动物鼠疫流行,流行强度猛烈,家鼠鼠疫疫源地未发生鼠疫疫情,应加强对全省鼠疫的监测并切实做好应急准备工作。
Objective To investigate and analyze the plague epidemic situation in Yunnan province, China, in 2017, and to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of plague. Methods According to the national plague surveillance program and Yunnan provincial plague surveillance program, surveillance on plague hosts, vectors, etiology,and serology was conducted in 104 counties or cities of Yunnan province in 2017. The monthly monitoring reports were collected and statistically analyzed using SPSS 19.0 software. Results The captured rodents belonged to 17 species, 10 genera, 4 families, and 3 orders. Rattus tanezumi and R. norvegicus were the dominant species in the natural plague foci of R. tanezumi, Apodemus chevrieri, and Eothenomys miletus were the dominant species in the natural plague foci of A. chevrieri and E. miletus. The fleas detected from the surface of rodents belonged to 12 species, 12 genera, 5 families, and1 order. Xenopsylla cheopis and Leptopsylla segnis were the dominant fleas on R. tanezumi in the natural foci of R. tanezumi,while L. segnis, X. cheopis, and Monopsyllus anisus were the dominant fleas on R. norvegicus. In the natural plague foci of A. chevrieri and E. miletus, Frontopsylla spadix and Neopsylla specialis specialis were the dominant fleas on A. chevrieri;Ctenophthalmus quadratus was the dominant flea on E. miletus, and N. specialis specialis was detected as the secondary parasitic flea species on E. miletus. Bacteriological tests were performed on 49 182 animals and 21 533 vectors, with ten and five strains of Yersinia pestis isolated, respectively. Indirect hemagglutination(IHA) assay was used to test serum samples, and 8 out of 20 503 serum samples were positive for the plague. Seven out of 213 animal organ samples were positive for the plague using reverse IHA(RIHA). Conclusion Animal plague occurred in Yulong county, Gucheng district of Lijiang, Jianchuan county, and Heqing county in Yunnan province, which were the natural plague foci of A. chevrieri and E. miletus, with high epidemic intensity. There was no plague in the natural plague foci of R. tanezumi. It is necessary to strengthen the surveillance of plague and prepare for emergency responses in Yunnan province.
Objective To investigate and analyze the plague epidemic situation in Yunnan province, China, in 2017, and to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of plague. Methods According to the national plague surveillance program and Yunnan provincial plague surveillance program, surveillance on plague hosts, vectors, etiology,and serology was conducted in 104 counties or cities of Yunnan province in 2017. The monthly monitoring reports were collected and statistically analyzed using SPSS 19.0 software. Results The captured rodents belonged to 17 species, 10 genera, 4 families, and 3 orders. Rattus tanezumi and R. norvegicus were the dominant species in the natural plague foci of R. tanezumi, Apodemus chevrieri, and Eothenomys miletus were the dominant species in the natural plague foci of A. chevrieri and E. miletus. The fleas detected from the surface of rodents belonged to 12 species, 12 genera, 5 families, and1 order. Xenopsylla cheopis and Leptopsylla segnis were the dominant fleas on R. tanezumi in the natural foci of R. tanezumi,while L. segnis, X. cheopis, and Monopsyllus anisus were the dominant fleas on R. norvegicus. In the natural plague foci of A. chevrieri and E. miletus, Frontopsylla spadix and Neopsylla specialis specialis were the dominant fleas on A. chevrieri;Ctenophthalmus quadratus was the dominant flea on E. miletus, and N. specialis specialis was detected as the secondary parasitic flea species on E. miletus. Bacteriological tests were performed on 49 182 animals and 21 533 vectors, with ten and five strains of Yersinia pestis isolated, respectively. Indirect hemagglutination(IHA) assay was used to test serum samples, and 8 out of 20 503 serum samples were positive for the plague. Seven out of 213 animal organ samples were positive for the plague using reverse IHA(RIHA). Conclusion Animal plague occurred in Yulong county, Gucheng district of Lijiang, Jianchuan county, and Heqing county in Yunnan province, which were the natural plague foci of A. chevrieri and E. miletus, with high epidemic intensity. There was no plague in the natural plague foci of R. tanezumi. It is necessary to strengthen the surveillance of plague and prepare for emergency responses in Yunnan province.
引文
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[2]石丽媛,杨桂荣,赵春花,等. 2016年云南省景洪市一起人间鼠疫疫情判定及处置[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2017,27(10):1502-1504,1507.
[3]王鹏,张福新,郭英,等.云南省玉龙县一起鼠间鼠疫的实验室判定[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2015,25(8):1105-1107.
[4]谭红丽,郭英,杨文艳,等.丽江市古城区首次证实一起鼠间鼠疫疫情[J].中国人兽共患病学报,2015,31(11):1086-1088. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-2694.2015.11.021.
[5] Wang P,Shi LY,Zhang FX,et al. Ten years of surveillance of the Yulong plague focus in China and the molecular typing and source tracing of the isolates[J]. PLoS Negl Trop Dis,2018,2(3):e0006352. DOI:10.1371/journal.pntd.0006352.
[6] Wang P,Li W,Zhang ZK,et al. Characters of Yulong Yersinia pestis strains from Yunnan province,China[J]. Int J Clin Exp Med,2016,9(3):6394-6402.
[7]祁腾,马丽,汪立茂,等.攀枝花市2013-2014年鼠疫疫源地调查分析[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2015,26(2):192-193. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.4692.2015.02.022.
[8]罗剑龙,段炳华,柯春荣,等.云南大理州2016年鼠疫疫情监测结果分析[J].医学动物防制,2017,33(12):1226-1229,1234.
[9]赵文红,郭牧,苏丽琼,等. 1992-2014年云南省普洱市鼠疫流行概述及控制现状[J].医学动物防制,2018,34(4):325-327,331.
[10]赵文红,郭牧,苏丽琼,等. 1990-2014年云南省临沧市鼠疫流行概述及控制现状[J].疾病预防控制通报,2016,31(2):5-7. DOI:10.13215/j.cnki.jbyfkztb.1510009.
[11]段彪,洪梅,苏超,等.云南省家鼠鼠疫疫源地静息期鼠疫指示动物血清流行病学调查[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2017,28(6):583-585. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.06.016.
[12] Shi LY,Yang GR,Zhang ZK,et al. Reemergence of human plague in Yunnan,China in 2016[J]. PLoS One,2018,13(6):e0198067. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0198067.