耿村煤矿综放开采覆岩移动和矿压显现规律研究
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摘要
厚煤层综放开采矿山压力和围岩控制一直是综放开采研究的重点问题。基于义马矿区耿村煤矿特厚煤层综放工作面的地质采矿条件,采用数值模拟和现场矿压观测的方法,对综放工作面覆岩移动和矿压显现规律进行研究。结果表明:(1)综放工作面上方老顶形成"三铰拱"形砌体结构,该结构初次失稳和周期性失稳造成工作面初次来压和周期来压。老顶来压后,工作面前方支承压力趋于稳定,主要表现在最大应力集中系数和塑性区范围基本保持不变。(2)综放工作面顶板周期来压步距14.4~17.5 m,平均16.2 m,顶板来压动载系数1.81~2.04,平均1.92,顶板来压明显但较缓和。顶板来压期间支架时间加权平均工作阻力为其额定工作阻力的72.2%,选用ZF8600/18/35D型放顶煤液压支架合理。研究结果可为义马矿区综放开采围岩控制提供技术支撑。
The problems of strata behaviors and ground control have been focused by fully-mechanized coal face with sublevel caving in Gengcun coal mine. Based on the geological and mining conditions of the coal face in Gengcun coal mine of Yima mining area,Henan,China,the laws of overlying strata movement and strata behaviors at coal face were studied with methods of numerical simulation and strata pressure field observation. The results showed that:( 1) The voussoir beam structure of"three hinged-arch"was formed in basic roof above the coal face. The initial instability and periodic instability of the structure caused the initial weighting and periodic weightings at the coal face. The abutment pressure in front of the coal face tended to be stable after basic roof weighting,which manifested that the maximum stress concentration coefficient and the plastic zone range were basically unchanged.( 2) The periodic weighting interval of basic roof at the coal face was 14. 4 ~ 17. 5 m,with an average 16. 2 m. The dynamic coefficient of basic roof weighting was 1. 81 ~ 2. 04,with an average of 1. 92.Roof weightings were obvious,but more moderate. During the roof weighting at the coal face,the time-weighted average working resistance of supports was about 72. 2% of their rated working resistance. So,using the ZF8600/18/35D caving supports was reasonable. The conclusions provided technical supports for grounding control of fully-mechanized mining with sublevel caving in Yima mining area.
The problems of strata behaviors and ground control have been focused by fully-mechanized coal face with sublevel caving in Gengcun coal mine. Based on the geological and mining conditions of the coal face in Gengcun coal mine of Yima mining area,Henan,China,the laws of overlying strata movement and strata behaviors at coal face were studied with methods of numerical simulation and strata pressure field observation. The results showed that:( 1) The voussoir beam structure of"three hinged-arch"was formed in basic roof above the coal face. The initial instability and periodic instability of the structure caused the initial weighting and periodic weightings at the coal face. The abutment pressure in front of the coal face tended to be stable after basic roof weighting,which manifested that the maximum stress concentration coefficient and the plastic zone range were basically unchanged.( 2) The periodic weighting interval of basic roof at the coal face was 14. 4 ~ 17. 5 m,with an average 16. 2 m. The dynamic coefficient of basic roof weighting was 1. 81 ~ 2. 04,with an average of 1. 92.Roof weightings were obvious,but more moderate. During the roof weighting at the coal face,the time-weighted average working resistance of supports was about 72. 2% of their rated working resistance. So,using the ZF8600/18/35D caving supports was reasonable. The conclusions provided technical supports for grounding control of fully-mechanized mining with sublevel caving in Yima mining area.
引文
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[12]杨卓明,赵耀江,吴兵.基于UDEC采场上覆岩层应力分布及破坏规律研究[J].煤炭技术,2014,33(8):267-270.YANG Z M,ZHAO Y J,WU B.Study of stope overburden stress distribution and destruction rule based on UDEC[J].Coal Technology,2014,33(8):267-270.
[13]房萧,巨峰,何琪,等.千秋矿综放面巨厚悬空砾岩层采动应力分布特征数值模拟研究[J].中国煤炭,2011,37(11):44-47.FANG X,JU F,HE Q,et al.Numerical simulation about the stress distribution characteristics of the caving face under the thick impending mining conglomerate layer[J].China Coal,2011,37(11):44-47.
[14]鲁岩,樊胜强,邹喜正.工作面超前支承压力分布规律[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2008,27(2):184-187.LU Y,FAN S Q,ZOU X Z.Distributing law of advanced abutment pressure in working face[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University(Natural Science),2008,27(2):184-187.
[15]靳钟铭,魏锦平,靳文学.放顶煤采场前支承压力分布特征[J].太原理工大学学报,2001,32(3):216-218JIN Z M,WEI J P,JIN W X.Distributive character-istic front abutment pressure in top-coal caving face[J].Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology,2001,32(3):216-218.
[16]翟新献,别小飞,张帅,等.巨厚砾岩层下综放采场矿压显现规律[J].河南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2014,33(3):266-270.ZHAI X X,BIE X F,ZHANG S,et al.Law of strata behaviors of fully-mechanized coal face with sublevel caving under hugely-thick conglomerate strata[J].Journal of Henan Polytechnic University(Natural Science),2014,33(3):266-270.
[2]朱诗顺,李鸿昌,杨振复.放顶煤回采工作面上覆煤岩体的结构[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1996,15(2):150-154.ZHU S S,LI H C,YANG Z F.The structure of overburden coal and rocks in sublevel caving faces[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1996,15(2):150-154.
[3]郭金刚.火成岩侵入特厚煤层巷道支护技术研究[J].河南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2017,36(3):15-20.GUO J G.Study on control of surrounding rock of roadway with very thick coal seam intruded by igneous rock[J].Journal of Henan Polytechnic University(Natural Science),2017,36(3):15-20.
[4]袁瑞甫,刘银先,李春杰.“三软”煤层综放开采避开动压沿空留巷方法及应用[J].河南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2016,35(5):612-619.YUAN R F,LIU Y X,LI C J.Gob-side entry retaining method of avoid mining abutment pressure and its application in fully mechanized caving with three soft coal seam[J].Journal of Henan Polytechnic University(Natural Science),2016,35(5):612-619.
[5]郭文兵,王金帅,李圣军.浅埋厚煤层高强度开采地表移动规律实测研究[J].河南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2016,35(4):470-475.GUO W B,WANG J S,LI S J.Surveying study on surface movement characteristics of the high intensity mining under shallow depth thick seam[J].Journal of Henan Polytechnic University(Natural Science),2016,35(4):470-475.
[6]来兴平,崔峰,曹建涛,等.三软煤层综放工作面覆岩垮落及裂隙导水特征分析[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(1):148-154.LAI X P,CUI F,CAO J T,et al.Analysis on characteristics of overlying rock caving and fissure conductive water in top-coal caving working face at three soft coal seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(1):148-154.
[7]李春杰,刘银先,高红彬,等.“三软”煤层采场覆岩运动及应力分布规律[J].西安科技大学学报,2015,35(2):187-191.LI C J,LING Y X,GAO H B,et al.Overlying strata movement and stress distributionlaw in the“three-soft”coal seam[J].Journal of Xi'an University of Science and Technology,2015,35(2):187-191.
[8]索永录,刘建平,赵文华.复杂条件综放工作面矿压显现特征[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2007,24(1):122-126.SUO Y L,LIU J P,ZHAO W H.Characteristic of strata behaviors of fully mechanized top coal caving face under complex geological conditions[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2007,24(1):122-126.
[9]于雷,闫少宏.特厚煤层综放开采顶板运动形式及矿压规律研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2015,43(8):40-44.YU L,YAN S H.Study on roof movement form and mine strata pressure law of fully-mechanized top coal caving mining in ultra thick seam[J].Coal Science and Technology,2015,43(8):40-44.
[10]翟新献.放顶煤工作面顶板岩层移动相似模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(11):92-96.ZHAI X X.Simulation testing study on roof strata displacement of top-coal caving face[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(11):92-96.
[11]许家林,钱鸣高.覆岩关键层位置的判别方法[J].中国矿业大学学报,2000,29(5):463-467.XU J L,QIAN M G.Method to distinguish key strata in overburden[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2000,29(5):463-467.
[12]杨卓明,赵耀江,吴兵.基于UDEC采场上覆岩层应力分布及破坏规律研究[J].煤炭技术,2014,33(8):267-270.YANG Z M,ZHAO Y J,WU B.Study of stope overburden stress distribution and destruction rule based on UDEC[J].Coal Technology,2014,33(8):267-270.
[13]房萧,巨峰,何琪,等.千秋矿综放面巨厚悬空砾岩层采动应力分布特征数值模拟研究[J].中国煤炭,2011,37(11):44-47.FANG X,JU F,HE Q,et al.Numerical simulation about the stress distribution characteristics of the caving face under the thick impending mining conglomerate layer[J].China Coal,2011,37(11):44-47.
[14]鲁岩,樊胜强,邹喜正.工作面超前支承压力分布规律[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2008,27(2):184-187.LU Y,FAN S Q,ZOU X Z.Distributing law of advanced abutment pressure in working face[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University(Natural Science),2008,27(2):184-187.
[15]靳钟铭,魏锦平,靳文学.放顶煤采场前支承压力分布特征[J].太原理工大学学报,2001,32(3):216-218JIN Z M,WEI J P,JIN W X.Distributive character-istic front abutment pressure in top-coal caving face[J].Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology,2001,32(3):216-218.
[16]翟新献,别小飞,张帅,等.巨厚砾岩层下综放采场矿压显现规律[J].河南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2014,33(3):266-270.ZHAI X X,BIE X F,ZHANG S,et al.Law of strata behaviors of fully-mechanized coal face with sublevel caving under hugely-thick conglomerate strata[J].Journal of Henan Polytechnic University(Natural Science),2014,33(3):266-270.