大直径沥青基炭纤维/ABS树脂高导热复合材料的制备与表征
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摘要
将大直径中间相沥青基石墨化纤维定向排列后与ABS(丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物)树脂通过热压成型,制备出单向炭纤维ABS树脂基复合材料。借助X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和偏光显微镜等手段对炭纤维及其树脂基复合材料的晶体结构、形貌和光学织构进行表征,并研究纤维石墨化温度及体积分数对其复合材料导热性能的影响。结果表明,复合材料沿炭纤维轴向和径向显示出差异;复合材料沿纤维轴向的室温热扩散系数随纤维石墨化温度和体积分数的增加而增大。
Parallel,stretched and evenly arranged mesophase pitch based graphitized carbon fibers with diameters of 50-53 μm were coated with different amounts of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene(ABS) resin,and hot-pressed to produce carbon fiber/ABS resin composites.The morphology,optical texture and crystal structure of the carbon fibers and their composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,polarized light microscopy and X-ray diffraction.The influence of the graphitization temperature and fiber content on the thermal conductivity of the composites was investigated.The thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity of the composites along both fiber axial and radial directions showed an obvious difference,owing to the high orientation of the graphite crystals along the axial direction of the carbon fibers.The thermal diffusivity of the composites along the carbon fiber axial direction increased both with the graphitization temperature and fiber content.The composite with 54 vol.%carbon fibers graphitized at2 900 ℃ showed the highest thermal conductivity.
Parallel,stretched and evenly arranged mesophase pitch based graphitized carbon fibers with diameters of 50-53 μm were coated with different amounts of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene(ABS) resin,and hot-pressed to produce carbon fiber/ABS resin composites.The morphology,optical texture and crystal structure of the carbon fibers and their composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,polarized light microscopy and X-ray diffraction.The influence of the graphitization temperature and fiber content on the thermal conductivity of the composites was investigated.The thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity of the composites along both fiber axial and radial directions showed an obvious difference,owing to the high orientation of the graphite crystals along the axial direction of the carbon fibers.The thermal diffusivity of the composites along the carbon fiber axial direction increased both with the graphitization temperature and fiber content.The composite with 54 vol.%carbon fibers graphitized at2 900 ℃ showed the highest thermal conductivity.
引文
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[3]Callego N C,Edie D D.Structure-property relations for high thermal conductivity carbon fibers[J].Composites:Part A,2001,32(8):1031-1038.
[4]Robinson K E,Edie D D.Microstructure and texture of pitchbased ribbon fibers for thermal management[J].Carbon,1996,34(1):13-36.
[5]Zweben C.High-performance thermal management materials[J].Advanced Packaging,2006,15(2):1-5.
[6]Adams P M,Katzman H A,Rellick G S,et al.Characterization of high thermal conductivity carbon fibers and a self-reinforced graphite panel[J].Carbon,1998,36(3):233-245.
[7]卢时林,Rand B.高导热大直径中间相沥青炭纤维的研制及结构表征[J].新型炭材料,2000,15(1):1-6.(LU Shi-lin,Rand B.Large diameter carbon filaments from mesophase pitch for thermal management applications[J].New Carbon M aterials,2000,15(1):1-6.)
[8]Bonal J P,Wu C H.Neutron irradiation effects on the thermal conductivity and dimensional stability of carbon fiber composites at divertor conditions[J].Journal of Nuclear M aterials,1996,228(2):155-161.
[9]Lewis J S,Lackey W J,Vaidyaraman S.Model for prediction of matrix microstructure for carbon/carbon composites prepared by forced flow-thermal gradient CVI[J].Carbon,1997,35(1):103-112.
[10]Soo-Jin P,Min-seok C,Jac-Rock L,et al.Influence of molybdenum disilicide filler on carbon-carbon composites[J].Carbon,1999,37(11):1685-1689.
[11]Manocha L M,Warrier A,Manocha S,et al.Thermophysical properties of densified pitch based carbon/carbon materials-I.Unidirectional composites[J].Carbon,2006,44(3):480-487.
[12]Ma Z K,Shi J L,Song Y,et al.Carbon with high thermal conductivity,prepared from ribbon-shaped mesophase pitchbased fibers[J].Carbon,2006,44(7):1298-1301.
[13]Yuan G M,Li X K,Dong Z J,et al.Pitch-based ribbonshaped carbon-fiber-reinforced one-dimensional carbon/carbon composites w ith ultrahigh thermal conductivity[J].Carbon,2014,68:413-425.
[14]Nysten B,Issi J P.Composites based on thermally hyperconductive carbon fibers[J].Carbon,1990,21(4):339-343.
[15]Chen Y M,Ting J M.Ultra high thermal conductivity polymer composites[J].Carbon,2002,40(3):359-362.
[16]赵建国,李克智,李贺军,等.炭/炭复合材料导热性能的研究[J].航空学报,2005,26(4):501-504.(ZHAO Jian-guo,LI Ke-zhi,LI He-jun,et al.Research on the thermal conductivity of C/C composites[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2005,26(4):501-504.)
[17]于澍,刘根山,李溪滨,等.炭/炭复合材料导热系数影响因素的研究[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2003,32(3):213-215.(YU Shu,LIU Gen-shan,LI Xi-bin,et al.The main factors on heat conductivity for carbon-carbon composites[J].Rare M etal M aterials and Engineering,2003,32(3):213-215.)
[18]Manocha L M,Warrier A,Manocha S,et al.Thermophysical properties of densified pitch based carbon/carbon materials-II.Bidinidirectional composites[J].Carbon,2006,44(3):488-495.
[19]Nysten B,Issi J P,Barton R D,et al.Determination of lattice defects in carbon fibers by means of thermal-conductivity measurements[J].Physical Review B,1991,44(5):2142-2148.
[20]Chawla K K.Composite Materials,Science and Engineering[M].New York:Spring,1987:79-85.
[21]Progelhof R C,Throne J L,Ruetsch R R.Methods for predictiong the thermal conductivity of composite systems:a review[J].Polymer Engineering and Science,1976,16(9):615-625.
[22]Lavin J G,Boyington D R,Lahijani J,et al.The correlation of thermal conductivity w ith electrical resistivity in mesophase pitchbased carbon fiber[J].Carbon,1993,31(6):1001-1002.
[23]Pilling M W,Yates B,Black M A,et al.The thermal conductivity of carbon fibre-reinforced composites[J].Journal of M aterials Science,1979,14(6):1326-1338.
[24]郭全贵,刘朗,翟更太,等.高导热材料的发展现状及应用[C].卫星热控制技术研讨会论文集,2003:267-272.(GUO Quan-gui,LIU Lang,ZHAI Geng-tai,et al.Development and application of high thermal conductivity materials[C].Satellite Thermal Control Technology Symposium,2003:267-272.)