秘鲁Don Javier斑岩铜钼矿床流体包裹体特征
|
摘要
Don Javier斑岩铜钼矿床位于南美安第斯成矿带中段,秘鲁中南部-智利北部巨型斑岩铜钼金多金属成矿带上,矿区主要出露Yarabamba超群花岗闪长岩岩基和英安斑岩岩体,矿体呈筒状,主要赋存在英安斑岩体及其围岩中,受NW向断裂构造控制。在野外地质调查的基础上,文章对矿床流体包裹体特征进行研究,并结合矿体产出形态特征,对成矿流体来源及演化进行探讨。对黄铁矿-石英和黄铜矿(辉钼矿)-石英2个成矿阶段的石英流体包裹体研究结果表明,成矿阶段矿石中发育富气相-液相、气液两相及含NaCl子矿物三相3种类型的原生流体包裹体,流体包裹体均一温度为287～499℃,含NaCl子矿物包裹体的盐度w(NaCleq)为30%～42%,密度为1.08～1.21 g/cm3,成矿流体属于中高温、高盐度的NaCl-H_2O体系,为岩浆热液来源的成矿流体。流体包裹体特征还表明,流体的沸腾作用是引起成矿流体中矿质发生沉淀富集的重要成矿机制。
The Don Javier porphyry Cu-Mo deposit is located in a large porphyry copper molybdenum gold polymetallic metallogenic belt in the south central part of Peru and northern Chile, the middle part of the Andean metallogenic belt. The mining area mainly has exposures of Yarabamba supergroup granodiorite batholith and dacite porphyry. The orebody mainly exists in dacite porphyry and its surrounding rocks in the shape of tube, and it is controlled by the NW-trending fault structure. Based on field geological survey, the authors studied the characteristics of the fluid inclusions in the deposit, and investigated the source and evolution of the ore-forming fluids in combination with the morphological characteristics of the orebodies. The pyrite and chalcopyrite(molybdenite)fluid inclusions of two stages formed four types of primary fluids containing three phases of inclusions, i.e., rich gas phase, rich liquid phase, halite-bearing three phuse fluld in clusions developed at the main ore-forming stage.The homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions is 287～499℃, the salinity w(NaCleq) is 30%～ 42% and the density is 1.08～1.21 g/cm~3. the ore-forming fluid belongs to the NaCl-H_2O system of medium and high temperature and high salinity, with mineralization fluid belonging to magma hydrothermal source. The characteristics of fluid inclusions also indicate that the boiling of fluids seems to have been an important mineralization mechanism for the precipitation and enrichment of minerals in ore-forming fluids.
The Don Javier porphyry Cu-Mo deposit is located in a large porphyry copper molybdenum gold polymetallic metallogenic belt in the south central part of Peru and northern Chile, the middle part of the Andean metallogenic belt. The mining area mainly has exposures of Yarabamba supergroup granodiorite batholith and dacite porphyry. The orebody mainly exists in dacite porphyry and its surrounding rocks in the shape of tube, and it is controlled by the NW-trending fault structure. Based on field geological survey, the authors studied the characteristics of the fluid inclusions in the deposit, and investigated the source and evolution of the ore-forming fluids in combination with the morphological characteristics of the orebodies. The pyrite and chalcopyrite(molybdenite)fluid inclusions of two stages formed four types of primary fluids containing three phases of inclusions, i.e., rich gas phase, rich liquid phase, halite-bearing three phuse fluld in clusions developed at the main ore-forming stage.The homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions is 287～499℃, the salinity w(NaCleq) is 30%～ 42% and the density is 1.08～1.21 g/cm~3. the ore-forming fluid belongs to the NaCl-H_2O system of medium and high temperature and high salinity, with mineralization fluid belonging to magma hydrothermal source. The characteristics of fluid inclusions also indicate that the boiling of fluids seems to have been an important mineralization mechanism for the precipitation and enrichment of minerals in ore-forming fluids.
引文
AMEC Mining Consultants(Canada)Company Limited.2012.Don Javier copper molybdenum deposit N.L.43-101 technical report[R].Internal report.23.
Beckinsale R D,Sanchez A W,Brook M,et al.1985.Rb-Sr whole-rock isochron and K-Ar age determinations for the Coastal batholith of Peru[A].In:Pitcher W S,Atherton M P,Cobbing E J,Beckinsale R D,eds.Magmatism at a plate edge:The Peruvian Andes:Glasgow,Blackie[C].250-260.
Carpio M.2000.Inventarioy evaluacion de los recursos minerales de los Departamentos de Tacna,Moqueguay areas de Arequipay Puno[M].Proyecto Multinacional Andino.Ingemmet,Lima,35-68.
Chan X Q,Alan H.C and James K W L.2003.40Ar-39Ar ages of hypogene and supergene mineralization in the Cerro Verde-Santa Rosa porphyry Cu-Mo cluster,Arequipa,Peru[J].Econ.Geol.,98:1683-1696.
Chen N,Mao J W,Fan C L and Chen Y M.2017.Alteration-mineralization characteristics and three-dimensional exploration model of Don Javier porphyry copper-molybdenum deposit,Peru[J].Mineral Deposits,36(3):705-718(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen Y J and Li N.2009.Nature of ore-fluids of intracontinental intrusion-related hypothermal deposits and its difference from those in island arcs[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,25(10):2477-2508(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen Y J,Ni P,Fan H R,Pirajno F,Lai Y,Su W C and Zhang H.2007.Diagnostic fluid inclusions of different types hydrothermal gold deposits[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,23(9):2085-2108(in Chinese with English abstract).
Cline J S and Vanko D A.1995.Magmatically generated saline brines related to molybdenum at Questa,New Mexico,USA[A].In:Thompson J F H,ed.Mineralogical Association of Canada Short Course Volume 23,Magmas,fluids and ore deposits[M].153-174.
Dai J Z,Wang K Y,Mao J W and Yang Y C.2006.Fluid Inclusions in the Gaojiapuzi silver deposit,Liaoning Province[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,80(7):1055-1064(in Chinese with English abstract).
Drummond S E and Ohmoto H.1985.Chemical evolution and mineral deposition in boiling hydrothermal systems[J].Econ.Geol.,80(1):126-147.
Ge W C,Wu F Y,Zhou C Y and Zhang J H.2007.Metallogenic epochs of the porphyry Cu,Mo deposits in the eastern Xingmeng orogenic belt and their geodynamic implications[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,52(20):2407-2417(in Chinese with English abstract).
Instituto Geologico Mineroy Metalurgico.2003.Estudio de los Recursos Minerales del Peru[M].Peru,Lima.12-25.
Jin W Q.2010.On geological features and genesis study of the Cereana-Don Javier porphyry copper deposit in southern Peru[D].Tutor:Gao G M.Changsha:Central South University.30-43(in Chinese with English abstract).
Kamenetsky V S,Wolfe R C and Eggins S M.1999.Volatile exsolution at the Dinkidi Cu-Au porphyry deposit,Philippines:A melt-inclusion record of the initial ore-forming process[J].Geology,27(8):691-694.
Kamenetsky V S,Davidson P and Mernaght P.2002a.Fluid bubbles in meltinclusions and pillow-rim glasses:High-temperature precursors to hydrothermal fluids[J]?Chemical Geology,183:349-364.
Kamenetsky V S,Van Achterbergh E and Ryan C G.2002b.Extreme chemical heterogeneity of granite-derived hydrothermal fluids:An example from inclusions in a single crystal of miarolitic quartz[J].Geology,30(5):459-462.
Klemm L M,Pettke T and Heinrich C A.2008.Fluid and source magma evolution of the Questa porphyry Mo deposit,New Mexico,USA[J].Mineralium Deposita,43(5):533-552.
Li W C,Wang K Y,Yin G H,Qin D H,Yu H J,Xue S R and Wan D.2013.Geochemical characteristics of ore-forming fluids and genesis of Hongshan copper deposit in northwestern Yunnan Province[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,29(1):270-282(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li X W,Wang K Y,Qian Y,Wang X Z,Chang L,Wei L M and Sun FY.2013.The geochemical characteristics of ore-forming fluids of Daheishan molybdenum deposit and its geological significance,Jilin Province[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,29(9):3173-3182(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu B and Shen K.1999.Fluid inclusion thermodynamics[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House.1-290.
Lu H Z,Fan H R,Ni P,Ou G X,Shen K and Zhang W H.2004.Fluid inclusions[M].Beijing:Science Press.1-234.
Phelps D.2000.Geologia de los porfidos de cobre Cerro Verdey Santa Rosa,Arequipa,Peru:Arequipa,Departmento de Geologia[R].Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A.21.
Roedder E.1984.Fluid inclusions.reviews in mineralogy[M].Michigan:Mineralogical Society of American.
Roedder E.1992.Fluid inclusion evidence for immiscibility in magma-tic differentiation[J].Geochimica et CosmochimicaActa,56(1):5-20.
Rui Z Y,ZhaoY M,Wang L S and Wang Y T.2003.Role of volatile components in formation of skarn and porphyry deposits[J].Mineral Deposits,22(2):141-148(in Chinese with English abstract).
Rui Z Y,Hou Z Q,Li G M,Liu B,Zhang L S and Wang L S.2006.Agenetic model for the Gandise porphyry copper deposits[J].Geological Review,52(4):459-466(in Chinese with English abstract).
Sillitoe R H.2010.Porphyry copper systems[J].Econ.Geol.,105(1):3-41.
Wang K Y,Qing M,Sun F Y,Wan D,Wang L and Li X W.2010.Study on the geochemical characteristics of ore-forming fluids and genesis of Xiaoxinancha gold-copper deposit,Jilin Province[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,26(12):3727-3734(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang K Y,Wang L,Liu Z H and Wang J Y.2008.Characteristics of fluid inclusions and origin of Gaojiapuzi silver deposit Liaoning Province[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,24(9):2085-2093(in Chinese with English abstract).
Webster J D.2004.The exsolution of magmatic hydrosaline chloride liquids[J].Chemical Geology,210(1-4):33-48.
Wu B.2013.Peruvian Don Javier copper deposit metallogenic geological characteristics,economical development model and its promotion[D].Tutor:Zhao P D.Beijing:China University of Geosciences.31p(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wu B,Fang Z and Ye Z C.2013.Geological characteristics of Don Javier porphyry copper molybdenum deposit[J].Mineral Deposits,32(6):1159-1170(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhao H J,Lu M J,Qiu R Z and Ye J H.2014.Discussion on the temporal and spatial distribution of copper deposits in the Andes Metallogenic Belt[C].China Earth Science Joint Academic Annual Meeting,2604-2607(in Chinese with English abstract).
陈念,毛景文,范成龙,陈玉明.2017.秘鲁Don Javier斑岩型铜钼矿床矿化蚀变特征及矿床三维勘查模型[J].矿床地质,36(3):705-718.
陈衍景,倪培,范洪瑞,PIRAJNO F,赖勇,苏文超,张辉.2007.不同类型热液金矿系统的流体包裹体特征[J].岩石学报,23(9):2085-2108.
陈衍景,李诺.2009.大陆内部浆控高温热液矿床成矿流体性质及其与岛弧区同类矿床的差异[J].岩石学报,25(10):2477-2508.
代军治,王可勇,毛景文,杨言辰.2006.辽宁高家堡子银矿床流体包裹体研究[J].地质学报,80(7):1055-1064.
葛文春,吴福元,周长勇,张吉衡.2007.兴蒙造山带东段斑岩型Cu,Mo矿床成矿时代及其地球动力学意义[J].科学通报,52(20):2407-2417.
加拿大AMEC工程咨询公司.2012.Don Javier铜钼矿床N.I.43-101技术报告[R].内部资料.12-15.
金文强.2010.秘鲁南部Cercana-Don Javier斑岩铜矿地质特征及成因探讨(硕士学位论文)[D].导师:高光明.长沙:中南大学,7-16.
李文昌,王可勇,尹光侯,秦丹鹤,余海军,薛顺荣,万多.2013.滇西北红山铜矿床成矿流体地球化学特征及矿床成因[J].岩石学报,29(1):270-282.
李向文,王可勇,钱烨,王献忠,常亮,韦烈民,孙丰月.2013.吉林大黑山钼矿床成矿流体地球化学特征及其地质意义[J].岩石学报,29(9):3173-3182.
刘斌,沈昆.1999.流体包裹体热力学[M].北京:地质出版社.l-290.
卢焕章,范宏瑞,倪培,欧光习,沈昆,张文淮.2004.流体包裹体[M].北京:科学出版社.234页.
芮宗瑶,赵一鸣,王龙生,王义天.2003.挥发份在矽卡岩型及斑岩型矿床形成中的作用[J].矿床地质,22(1):141-148.
芮宗瑶,侯增谦,李光明,刘波,张立生,王龙生.2006.冈底斯斑岩铜矿成矿模式[J].地质论评,52(4):459-466.
王可勇,王力,刘正宏,汪建宇.2008.辽宁高家堡子大型银矿床流体包裹体特征及矿床成因[J].岩石学报,24(9):2085-2093.
王可勇,卿敏,孙丰月,万多,王力,李向文.2010.吉林小西南岔金-铜矿床成矿流体地球化学特征及矿床成因研究[J].岩石学报,26(12):3727-3734.
吴斌.2013.秘鲁Don Javier铜矿开发模式与经济研究(硕士学位论文)[D].导师:赵鹏大.中国地质大学(北京),35-51.
吴斌,方针,叶震超.2013.Don Javier斑岩型铜钼矿床地质特征[J].矿床地质,32(6):1159-1170.
赵宏军,卢民杰,邱瑞照,叶锦华.2014.浅谈安第斯成矿带铜矿时空分布规律[C].中国地球科学联合学术年会.2604-2607.
Beckinsale R D,Sanchez A W,Brook M,et al.1985.Rb-Sr whole-rock isochron and K-Ar age determinations for the Coastal batholith of Peru[A].In:Pitcher W S,Atherton M P,Cobbing E J,Beckinsale R D,eds.Magmatism at a plate edge:The Peruvian Andes:Glasgow,Blackie[C].250-260.
Carpio M.2000.Inventarioy evaluacion de los recursos minerales de los Departamentos de Tacna,Moqueguay areas de Arequipay Puno[M].Proyecto Multinacional Andino.Ingemmet,Lima,35-68.
Chan X Q,Alan H.C and James K W L.2003.40Ar-39Ar ages of hypogene and supergene mineralization in the Cerro Verde-Santa Rosa porphyry Cu-Mo cluster,Arequipa,Peru[J].Econ.Geol.,98:1683-1696.
Chen N,Mao J W,Fan C L and Chen Y M.2017.Alteration-mineralization characteristics and three-dimensional exploration model of Don Javier porphyry copper-molybdenum deposit,Peru[J].Mineral Deposits,36(3):705-718(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen Y J and Li N.2009.Nature of ore-fluids of intracontinental intrusion-related hypothermal deposits and its difference from those in island arcs[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,25(10):2477-2508(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen Y J,Ni P,Fan H R,Pirajno F,Lai Y,Su W C and Zhang H.2007.Diagnostic fluid inclusions of different types hydrothermal gold deposits[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,23(9):2085-2108(in Chinese with English abstract).
Cline J S and Vanko D A.1995.Magmatically generated saline brines related to molybdenum at Questa,New Mexico,USA[A].In:Thompson J F H,ed.Mineralogical Association of Canada Short Course Volume 23,Magmas,fluids and ore deposits[M].153-174.
Dai J Z,Wang K Y,Mao J W and Yang Y C.2006.Fluid Inclusions in the Gaojiapuzi silver deposit,Liaoning Province[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,80(7):1055-1064(in Chinese with English abstract).
Drummond S E and Ohmoto H.1985.Chemical evolution and mineral deposition in boiling hydrothermal systems[J].Econ.Geol.,80(1):126-147.
Ge W C,Wu F Y,Zhou C Y and Zhang J H.2007.Metallogenic epochs of the porphyry Cu,Mo deposits in the eastern Xingmeng orogenic belt and their geodynamic implications[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,52(20):2407-2417(in Chinese with English abstract).
Instituto Geologico Mineroy Metalurgico.2003.Estudio de los Recursos Minerales del Peru[M].Peru,Lima.12-25.
Jin W Q.2010.On geological features and genesis study of the Cereana-Don Javier porphyry copper deposit in southern Peru[D].Tutor:Gao G M.Changsha:Central South University.30-43(in Chinese with English abstract).
Kamenetsky V S,Wolfe R C and Eggins S M.1999.Volatile exsolution at the Dinkidi Cu-Au porphyry deposit,Philippines:A melt-inclusion record of the initial ore-forming process[J].Geology,27(8):691-694.
Kamenetsky V S,Davidson P and Mernaght P.2002a.Fluid bubbles in meltinclusions and pillow-rim glasses:High-temperature precursors to hydrothermal fluids[J]?Chemical Geology,183:349-364.
Kamenetsky V S,Van Achterbergh E and Ryan C G.2002b.Extreme chemical heterogeneity of granite-derived hydrothermal fluids:An example from inclusions in a single crystal of miarolitic quartz[J].Geology,30(5):459-462.
Klemm L M,Pettke T and Heinrich C A.2008.Fluid and source magma evolution of the Questa porphyry Mo deposit,New Mexico,USA[J].Mineralium Deposita,43(5):533-552.
Li W C,Wang K Y,Yin G H,Qin D H,Yu H J,Xue S R and Wan D.2013.Geochemical characteristics of ore-forming fluids and genesis of Hongshan copper deposit in northwestern Yunnan Province[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,29(1):270-282(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li X W,Wang K Y,Qian Y,Wang X Z,Chang L,Wei L M and Sun FY.2013.The geochemical characteristics of ore-forming fluids of Daheishan molybdenum deposit and its geological significance,Jilin Province[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,29(9):3173-3182(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu B and Shen K.1999.Fluid inclusion thermodynamics[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House.1-290.
Lu H Z,Fan H R,Ni P,Ou G X,Shen K and Zhang W H.2004.Fluid inclusions[M].Beijing:Science Press.1-234.
Phelps D.2000.Geologia de los porfidos de cobre Cerro Verdey Santa Rosa,Arequipa,Peru:Arequipa,Departmento de Geologia[R].Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A.21.
Roedder E.1984.Fluid inclusions.reviews in mineralogy[M].Michigan:Mineralogical Society of American.
Roedder E.1992.Fluid inclusion evidence for immiscibility in magma-tic differentiation[J].Geochimica et CosmochimicaActa,56(1):5-20.
Rui Z Y,ZhaoY M,Wang L S and Wang Y T.2003.Role of volatile components in formation of skarn and porphyry deposits[J].Mineral Deposits,22(2):141-148(in Chinese with English abstract).
Rui Z Y,Hou Z Q,Li G M,Liu B,Zhang L S and Wang L S.2006.Agenetic model for the Gandise porphyry copper deposits[J].Geological Review,52(4):459-466(in Chinese with English abstract).
Sillitoe R H.2010.Porphyry copper systems[J].Econ.Geol.,105(1):3-41.
Wang K Y,Qing M,Sun F Y,Wan D,Wang L and Li X W.2010.Study on the geochemical characteristics of ore-forming fluids and genesis of Xiaoxinancha gold-copper deposit,Jilin Province[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,26(12):3727-3734(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang K Y,Wang L,Liu Z H and Wang J Y.2008.Characteristics of fluid inclusions and origin of Gaojiapuzi silver deposit Liaoning Province[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,24(9):2085-2093(in Chinese with English abstract).
Webster J D.2004.The exsolution of magmatic hydrosaline chloride liquids[J].Chemical Geology,210(1-4):33-48.
Wu B.2013.Peruvian Don Javier copper deposit metallogenic geological characteristics,economical development model and its promotion[D].Tutor:Zhao P D.Beijing:China University of Geosciences.31p(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wu B,Fang Z and Ye Z C.2013.Geological characteristics of Don Javier porphyry copper molybdenum deposit[J].Mineral Deposits,32(6):1159-1170(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhao H J,Lu M J,Qiu R Z and Ye J H.2014.Discussion on the temporal and spatial distribution of copper deposits in the Andes Metallogenic Belt[C].China Earth Science Joint Academic Annual Meeting,2604-2607(in Chinese with English abstract).
陈念,毛景文,范成龙,陈玉明.2017.秘鲁Don Javier斑岩型铜钼矿床矿化蚀变特征及矿床三维勘查模型[J].矿床地质,36(3):705-718.
陈衍景,倪培,范洪瑞,PIRAJNO F,赖勇,苏文超,张辉.2007.不同类型热液金矿系统的流体包裹体特征[J].岩石学报,23(9):2085-2108.
陈衍景,李诺.2009.大陆内部浆控高温热液矿床成矿流体性质及其与岛弧区同类矿床的差异[J].岩石学报,25(10):2477-2508.
代军治,王可勇,毛景文,杨言辰.2006.辽宁高家堡子银矿床流体包裹体研究[J].地质学报,80(7):1055-1064.
葛文春,吴福元,周长勇,张吉衡.2007.兴蒙造山带东段斑岩型Cu,Mo矿床成矿时代及其地球动力学意义[J].科学通报,52(20):2407-2417.
加拿大AMEC工程咨询公司.2012.Don Javier铜钼矿床N.I.43-101技术报告[R].内部资料.12-15.
金文强.2010.秘鲁南部Cercana-Don Javier斑岩铜矿地质特征及成因探讨(硕士学位论文)[D].导师:高光明.长沙:中南大学,7-16.
李文昌,王可勇,尹光侯,秦丹鹤,余海军,薛顺荣,万多.2013.滇西北红山铜矿床成矿流体地球化学特征及矿床成因[J].岩石学报,29(1):270-282.
李向文,王可勇,钱烨,王献忠,常亮,韦烈民,孙丰月.2013.吉林大黑山钼矿床成矿流体地球化学特征及其地质意义[J].岩石学报,29(9):3173-3182.
刘斌,沈昆.1999.流体包裹体热力学[M].北京:地质出版社.l-290.
卢焕章,范宏瑞,倪培,欧光习,沈昆,张文淮.2004.流体包裹体[M].北京:科学出版社.234页.
芮宗瑶,赵一鸣,王龙生,王义天.2003.挥发份在矽卡岩型及斑岩型矿床形成中的作用[J].矿床地质,22(1):141-148.
芮宗瑶,侯增谦,李光明,刘波,张立生,王龙生.2006.冈底斯斑岩铜矿成矿模式[J].地质论评,52(4):459-466.
王可勇,王力,刘正宏,汪建宇.2008.辽宁高家堡子大型银矿床流体包裹体特征及矿床成因[J].岩石学报,24(9):2085-2093.
王可勇,卿敏,孙丰月,万多,王力,李向文.2010.吉林小西南岔金-铜矿床成矿流体地球化学特征及矿床成因研究[J].岩石学报,26(12):3727-3734.
吴斌.2013.秘鲁Don Javier铜矿开发模式与经济研究(硕士学位论文)[D].导师:赵鹏大.中国地质大学(北京),35-51.
吴斌,方针,叶震超.2013.Don Javier斑岩型铜钼矿床地质特征[J].矿床地质,32(6):1159-1170.
赵宏军,卢民杰,邱瑞照,叶锦华.2014.浅谈安第斯成矿带铜矿时空分布规律[C].中国地球科学联合学术年会.2604-2607.