浅述刮痧的内涵与理论基础
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摘要
[目的]研究"痧"和"刮痧"的内核以及刮痧的理论基础。[方法]参考古代相关医籍和当代医家论述,对"痧"和"刮痧"的含义及历史演变、刮痧的经络理论和刮痧的补泻进行探析。[结果]"痧"的字形记载多样,内涵不断丰富,可归纳为致病的秽恶邪毒、痧症、痧疹、怪病以及现代的"出痧"或"痧象"。刮痧起源甚早,临床强调采用"刮法"而达"出痧",亦与单纯的刮拭或放血手法密切关联。从经络学说角度而言,皮部理论和络脉理论在刮痧诊断和治疗方面发挥了重要作用。刮痧的补泻与医者操作手法和患者经气变化相关。[结论]刮痧是中医自然疗法的重要组成部分,对其内涵和理论基础进行研究,有助于科学和规范认识刮痧,从而进一步指导临床和科研。
[Objective]To study the core of'Sha'and'Scraping', as well as the theoretical basis of scraping. [Methods]With reference to ancient Chinese medical books and contemporary medical experts, this paper probes into the connotation of'Sha'and'Scraping', the theoretical basis of the meridians of scraping, along with the reinforcing and reducing methods of scraping. [Results]The character form of 'Sha'is recorded in various ways and its connotation is constantly enriched, which can be summarized as pathogenic evils, Sha syndrome, Sha rash, weird disease, as well as 'Sha'or'Sha image'in modern sense. Scraping originates very early. It emphasizes the use of 'scraping method' to achieve 'Sha', and it is also closely associated with scraping or bleeding method. From the standpoint of meridian theory, coetaneous region theory and collateral theory play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of scraping. The reinforcing and reducing methods of scraping are related to the manipulations of doctors and the changes of channel-Qi in patients. [Conclusion]Scraping therapy is an indispensable part of TCM natural therapy. Research on its connotation and theoretical basis can contribute to the scientific regulation of scraping, so as to facilitate the guidance on the clinical and scientific research of scraping.
[Objective]To study the core of'Sha'and'Scraping', as well as the theoretical basis of scraping. [Methods]With reference to ancient Chinese medical books and contemporary medical experts, this paper probes into the connotation of'Sha'and'Scraping', the theoretical basis of the meridians of scraping, along with the reinforcing and reducing methods of scraping. [Results]The character form of 'Sha'is recorded in various ways and its connotation is constantly enriched, which can be summarized as pathogenic evils, Sha syndrome, Sha rash, weird disease, as well as 'Sha'or'Sha image'in modern sense. Scraping originates very early. It emphasizes the use of 'scraping method' to achieve 'Sha', and it is also closely associated with scraping or bleeding method. From the standpoint of meridian theory, coetaneous region theory and collateral theory play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of scraping. The reinforcing and reducing methods of scraping are related to the manipulations of doctors and the changes of channel-Qi in patients. [Conclusion]Scraping therapy is an indispensable part of TCM natural therapy. Research on its connotation and theoretical basis can contribute to the scientific regulation of scraping, so as to facilitate the guidance on the clinical and scientific research of scraping.
引文
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[19]张桐卿,牟琮琦.浅论针刺补泻[J].上海中医药杂志,1981,27(10):50-51.
[20]吴智聪,刘诗雅,李良慧,等.中医刮痧渗出物中免疫成分及含量的研究[J].广州中医药大学学报,2017,34(2):209-212.
[21]王莹莹,陈虹,张豪斌,等.刮痧对健康机体抗氧化和免疫功能的影响[J].中国中医药信息杂志,2018,25(12):32-34.
[2]王莹莹,黄龙祥,杨金生.历代痧之病名及其内涵研究[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,2012,18(5):484-487.
[3]王凯.痧症全书·论痧[M].重刻本.1864(清同治三年甲子).
[4]葛洪.肘后备急方[M].天津:天津科学技术出版社,2005:208.
[5]王怀隐.太平圣惠方[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1958:1779.
[6]张璐.张氏医通[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,1995:232-233.
[7]叶大廉.叶氏录验方[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2003:37.
[8]危亦林.世医得效方[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,2009:81.
[9]郭志邃.痧胀玉衡[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1995.
[10]叶天士.临证指南医案[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1959:371-372.
[11]马王堆汉墓帛书整理小组.五十二病方[M].北京:文物出版社,1979:40.
[12]孙存仁.仁存孙氏治病活法秘方[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2008:319.
[13]王莹莹,杨金生.古今刮痧法的比较研究[J].中医杂志,2010,51(3):274-277.
[14]刘向.山海经[M].北京:中国文联出版社,2016:94-114.
[15]黄冠.浅谈刮痧理论学说发展及其展望[J].贵阳中医学院学报,2018,40(5):93-96.
[16]邱幸凡.《内经》络脉理论初探[J].辽宁中医杂志,1981(2):5-7.
[17]卢春霞,赵冬,崔瑾.刮痧与痧诊探讨[J].中国民族民间医药,2016,25(14):54-57.
[18]杨继军,佘延芬.刮痧疗法[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,2012:96-97.
[19]张桐卿,牟琮琦.浅论针刺补泻[J].上海中医药杂志,1981,27(10):50-51.
[20]吴智聪,刘诗雅,李良慧,等.中医刮痧渗出物中免疫成分及含量的研究[J].广州中医药大学学报,2017,34(2):209-212.
[21]王莹莹,陈虹,张豪斌,等.刮痧对健康机体抗氧化和免疫功能的影响[J].中国中医药信息杂志,2018,25(12):32-34.