超大型冷却塔施工全过程风振响应及风振系数演化规律研究
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摘要
现有冷却塔规范仅给出了成塔单一风振系数取值,完全忽略了施工过程中混凝土材料和结构性能的实时演化。以国内某在建210 m世界最高超大型冷却塔为对象,综合考虑工程进度与计算精度建立八个冷却塔施工全过程三维实体模型,基于大涡模拟(LES)技术获得了施工全过程冷却塔三维气动力时程,将成塔表面风压与规范及国内外现有实测曲线对比验证了数值模拟的有效性。在此基础上,采用完全瞬态时域方法对比分析了冷却塔施工全过程塔顶位移、子午向轴力及环向弯矩等典型响应风振实时变化特性,并基于三种典型目标和五种取值方法系统探讨了超大型冷却塔施工全过程风振系数沿高度和环向角度的演化规律,最终首次拟合给出了超大型冷却塔施工全过程随高度变化的风振系数计算公式。研究结论可为进一步理解施工全过程冷却塔风振响应的演化规律和风振系数差异化取值提供科学参考。
The existing cooling tower code only has a single tower wind induced vibration coefficient to fully ignore the real time evolution of concrete material and structural performance in construction process. Here, a super large cooling tower with the height of 210 m was taken as the study object, and 8 3 D solid models for cooling tower's whole construction process were established comprehensively considering project schedule and calculation accuracy. 3 D aerodynamic force time histories in cooling tower's whole construction process were obtained based on the large eddy simulation method. The effectiveness of the numerical simulation results were verified by comparing the obtained tower surface wind pressures with those in the code and the existing curves actually measured at home and abroad. Furthermore, the full transient time domain method was used to contrastively analyze the real time variation features of cooling tower's typical wind-induced vibration responses, such as, tower top displacement, axial force in meridional direction and bending moment in circumferential direction in its whole construction process. Based on 3 kinds of typical targets and five kinds of value-selecting methods, the evolution laws of the super large cooling tower's wind induced vibration coefficient along the height direction and the circumferential direction angle in its whole construction process were systematically explored. The calculation formula for the super large cooling tower's wind induced vibration coefficient changing along the height direction in its whole construction process was fitted for the first time. The study results provided a scientific reference for further understanding evolution laws of a cooling tower's wind-induced vibration responses in its whole construction process and the differentiation value-selecting of its wind-induced vibration coefficient.
The existing cooling tower code only has a single tower wind induced vibration coefficient to fully ignore the real time evolution of concrete material and structural performance in construction process. Here, a super large cooling tower with the height of 210 m was taken as the study object, and 8 3 D solid models for cooling tower's whole construction process were established comprehensively considering project schedule and calculation accuracy. 3 D aerodynamic force time histories in cooling tower's whole construction process were obtained based on the large eddy simulation method. The effectiveness of the numerical simulation results were verified by comparing the obtained tower surface wind pressures with those in the code and the existing curves actually measured at home and abroad. Furthermore, the full transient time domain method was used to contrastively analyze the real time variation features of cooling tower's typical wind-induced vibration responses, such as, tower top displacement, axial force in meridional direction and bending moment in circumferential direction in its whole construction process. Based on 3 kinds of typical targets and five kinds of value-selecting methods, the evolution laws of the super large cooling tower's wind induced vibration coefficient along the height direction and the circumferential direction angle in its whole construction process were systematically explored. The calculation formula for the super large cooling tower's wind induced vibration coefficient changing along the height direction in its whole construction process was fitted for the first time. The study results provided a scientific reference for further understanding evolution laws of a cooling tower's wind-induced vibration responses in its whole construction process and the differentiation value-selecting of its wind-induced vibration coefficient.
引文
[1] 中华人民共和国建设部. 火力发电厂水工设计规范:DL/T 5339—2006[S].北京:中国电力出版社, 2006.
[2] 中华人民共和国建设部. 工业循环水冷却设计规范:GB/T 50102—2014[S].北京:中国计划出版社, 2014.
[3] KE Shitang, LIANG Jun, ZHAO Lin, et al. Influence of ventilation rate on the aerodynamic interference for two IDCTs by CFD[J]. Wind and Structures, An International Journal, 2015, 20(3): 449-468.
[4] 柯世堂, 朱鹏. 不同导风装置对超大型冷却塔风压特性影响研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2016, 35(22): 136-141. KE Shitang, ZHU Peng. Impact study of the different air-deflectors on the wind pressure for super-large cooling towers[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2016, 35(22): 136-141.
[5] 赵林, 葛耀君, 曹丰产,等. 双曲薄壳冷却塔气弹模型的等效梁格方法和实验研究[J]. 振动工程学报, 2008, 21(1): 31-37. ZHAO Lin, GE Yaojun, CAO Fengchan, et al. Equivalent beam-net design theory of aero-elastic model about hyperbolic thin-shell cooling towers and its experimental investigation[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2008, 21(1): 31-37.
[6] 沈国辉, 刘若斐, 孙炳楠. 双塔情况下冷却塔风荷载的数值模拟[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2007, 41(6): 1017-1022. SHEN Guohui, LIU Ruofei, SUN Bingnan. Two cases the numerical simulation of the cooling tower wind load[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University(Engineering Science), 2007, 41(6): 1017-1022.
[7] 张明, 王菲, 李庆斌,等. 双曲线冷却塔施工期设计风荷载的确定[J]. 清华大学学报(自然科学版), 2015(12): 1281-1288. ZHANG Ming, WANG Fei, LI Qingbin, et al. Design wind loads on hyperbolic cooling towers during construction[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology), 2015(12): 1281-1288.
[8] 卢红前, 束加庆, 冉述远. 基于结构可靠性的双曲线冷却塔施工期风荷载取值及应用[J]. 特种结构, 2012(4): 115-119. LU Hongqian, SHU Jiaqing, RAN Shuyuan. Study of wind load for hyperbolic cooling tower during construction period based on reliability design of structures and its application[J]. Special Structures, 2012(4): 115-119.
[9] 许林汕, 赵林, 葛耀君. 超大型冷却塔随机风振响应分析[J]. 振动与冲击, 2009, 28(4): 180-184. XU Linshan, ZHAO Lin, GE Yaojun. Wind excited stochastic response of super large cooling tower[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2009, 28(4): 180-184.
[10] 柯世堂, 侯宪安, 姚友成,等. 强风作用下大型双曲冷却塔风致振动参数分析[J]. 湖南大学学报(自然科学版), 2013, 40(10): 32-37. KE Shitang, HOU Xian’an, YAO Youcheng, et al. Parameter analysis of wind induced vibration for large hyperbolic cooling towers under strong wind loads[J]. Journal of Hunan University(Natural Sciences), 2013, 40(10): 32-37.
[11] 柯世堂, 侯宪安, 赵林,等. 超大型冷却塔风荷载和风振响应参数分析:自激力效应[J]. 土木工程学报, 2012(12): 45-53. KE Shitang, HOU Xian’an, ZHAO Lin, et al. Parameter analysis of wind loads and wind induced responses for super-large cooling towers: self-excited force effects[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2012, 45(12): 45-53.
[12] 邹云峰, 李寿英, 牛华伟,等. 双曲冷却塔等效静力风荷载规范适应性研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2013, 32(11): 100-105. ZOU Yunfeng, LI Shouying, NIU Huawei, et al. The hyperbolic cooling tower equivalent static wind load code for the adaptive study[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2013, 32(11): 100-105.
[13] VGB-Guideline: Structural design of cooling tower-technical guideline for the structural design, computation and execution of cooling towers (VGB-R 610Ue)[S]. Essen: BTR Bautechnik bei Kühltürmen, 2005.
[14] MICHIOKA T, SADA K. AM06-02-001 Large-Eddy Simulation for visible plume from a mechanical draft cooling tower[S]. Japan Society of Fluid Mechanics, 2016.
[15] KE Shitang, GE Yaojun. The influence of self-excited forces on wind loads and wind effects for super-large cooling towers[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2014, 132: 125-135.
[16] 建筑结构荷载规范:GB 50009—2012[S]. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2012.
[2] 中华人民共和国建设部. 工业循环水冷却设计规范:GB/T 50102—2014[S].北京:中国计划出版社, 2014.
[3] KE Shitang, LIANG Jun, ZHAO Lin, et al. Influence of ventilation rate on the aerodynamic interference for two IDCTs by CFD[J]. Wind and Structures, An International Journal, 2015, 20(3): 449-468.
[4] 柯世堂, 朱鹏. 不同导风装置对超大型冷却塔风压特性影响研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2016, 35(22): 136-141. KE Shitang, ZHU Peng. Impact study of the different air-deflectors on the wind pressure for super-large cooling towers[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2016, 35(22): 136-141.
[5] 赵林, 葛耀君, 曹丰产,等. 双曲薄壳冷却塔气弹模型的等效梁格方法和实验研究[J]. 振动工程学报, 2008, 21(1): 31-37. ZHAO Lin, GE Yaojun, CAO Fengchan, et al. Equivalent beam-net design theory of aero-elastic model about hyperbolic thin-shell cooling towers and its experimental investigation[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2008, 21(1): 31-37.
[6] 沈国辉, 刘若斐, 孙炳楠. 双塔情况下冷却塔风荷载的数值模拟[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2007, 41(6): 1017-1022. SHEN Guohui, LIU Ruofei, SUN Bingnan. Two cases the numerical simulation of the cooling tower wind load[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University(Engineering Science), 2007, 41(6): 1017-1022.
[7] 张明, 王菲, 李庆斌,等. 双曲线冷却塔施工期设计风荷载的确定[J]. 清华大学学报(自然科学版), 2015(12): 1281-1288. ZHANG Ming, WANG Fei, LI Qingbin, et al. Design wind loads on hyperbolic cooling towers during construction[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology), 2015(12): 1281-1288.
[8] 卢红前, 束加庆, 冉述远. 基于结构可靠性的双曲线冷却塔施工期风荷载取值及应用[J]. 特种结构, 2012(4): 115-119. LU Hongqian, SHU Jiaqing, RAN Shuyuan. Study of wind load for hyperbolic cooling tower during construction period based on reliability design of structures and its application[J]. Special Structures, 2012(4): 115-119.
[9] 许林汕, 赵林, 葛耀君. 超大型冷却塔随机风振响应分析[J]. 振动与冲击, 2009, 28(4): 180-184. XU Linshan, ZHAO Lin, GE Yaojun. Wind excited stochastic response of super large cooling tower[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2009, 28(4): 180-184.
[10] 柯世堂, 侯宪安, 姚友成,等. 强风作用下大型双曲冷却塔风致振动参数分析[J]. 湖南大学学报(自然科学版), 2013, 40(10): 32-37. KE Shitang, HOU Xian’an, YAO Youcheng, et al. Parameter analysis of wind induced vibration for large hyperbolic cooling towers under strong wind loads[J]. Journal of Hunan University(Natural Sciences), 2013, 40(10): 32-37.
[11] 柯世堂, 侯宪安, 赵林,等. 超大型冷却塔风荷载和风振响应参数分析:自激力效应[J]. 土木工程学报, 2012(12): 45-53. KE Shitang, HOU Xian’an, ZHAO Lin, et al. Parameter analysis of wind loads and wind induced responses for super-large cooling towers: self-excited force effects[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2012, 45(12): 45-53.
[12] 邹云峰, 李寿英, 牛华伟,等. 双曲冷却塔等效静力风荷载规范适应性研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2013, 32(11): 100-105. ZOU Yunfeng, LI Shouying, NIU Huawei, et al. The hyperbolic cooling tower equivalent static wind load code for the adaptive study[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2013, 32(11): 100-105.
[13] VGB-Guideline: Structural design of cooling tower-technical guideline for the structural design, computation and execution of cooling towers (VGB-R 610Ue)[S]. Essen: BTR Bautechnik bei Kühltürmen, 2005.
[14] MICHIOKA T, SADA K. AM06-02-001 Large-Eddy Simulation for visible plume from a mechanical draft cooling tower[S]. Japan Society of Fluid Mechanics, 2016.
[15] KE Shitang, GE Yaojun. The influence of self-excited forces on wind loads and wind effects for super-large cooling towers[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2014, 132: 125-135.
[16] 建筑结构荷载规范:GB 50009—2012[S]. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2012.