中国桑科植物属的空间分布及多样性
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摘要
该研究以FRPS 《中国植物志》全文电子版网站、中国在线植物志(eFlora)网站和国家标本资源共享平台(NSII)网站收录的全部中国桑科植物数据为基础,以部分省的植物志以及正式发表的论文为补充,查找每一个桑科植物的具体分布地点(精确到县一级),并采用地理信息系统技术,以县为空间数据的基本单元,以桑科12属的植物为研究对象,制作属的空间分布图,计算空间相似性系数,分析桑科植物各属的空间多样性及其差异。结果表明:(1)中国桑科植物中桑属的分布最广,橙桑属的分布最狭窄。(2)橙桑属与其他属的空间分布相似性系数均较低(0～0.044 4),其中橙桑属与见血封喉属和牛筋藤属的相似性系数均为0,表明橙桑属与其他属的分布几乎没有重叠区;榕属与构属和柘属的空间分布相似性系数分别为0.739 4和0.679 5,表明这3属的空间分布有较多的重叠区;见血封喉属的分布范围较广,从热带到亚热带地区均有。(3)中国桑科植物属的多样化中心(保护区域)集中在热带和亚热带地区,其中波罗蜜属和葎草属的多样化中心均在云南,鹊肾树属的多样化中心在海南,柘属的多样化中心从热带、南亚热带扩大至中亚热带地区;榕属在中国有98个种,多样化中心分布在甘肃东南部、贵州东北部、云南南部、广西西南部、台湾南部和海南西部;桑属(11个种)的多样化中心分布在重庆南部、湖北南部、湖南西北部、贵州中南部、云南东部和广西西部。研究认为,中国桑科植物属的多样化中心各有特点,基于县的空间分布及多样性研究结果能够具体确定中国桑科植物属的最小保护区域;且该研究结果支持贵州地区是桑属植物的分化中心和过渡中心。
The distribution sites of every species in Moraceae of China were gotten in the websites of Flora Reipubliace Popularis Sinicae, eFlora of China, National Specimen Information Infrastructure, and the relevant books and papers. The site is accurate to county of China. Geographic Information System is used in the paper. Spatial data with 12 genera of Moraceae is composed of every county. Spatial distribution map of genera is made. Spatial similarity coefficient is calculated. Spatial diversities and differences between genera in Moraceae are analyzed.(1) Morus is the most widely distributed in all genera and Maclura is the most narrowly distributed in China.(2) Spatial similarity coefficients between Maclura and other genera are low(0-0.044 4). The coefficients between Maclura and Antiaris, Malaisia are 0. These mean that there are little overlapping areas between Maclura and other genera in spatial distribution. The coefficients between Ficus and Broussonetia, Cudrania are 0.739 4, 0.679 5. This means that there are more overlapping areas between the three genera. The spatial distribution of the Antiaris is from tropical to subtropical region.(3) The diversity centers(protected areas) of all genera are in tropical and subtropical zones in Moraceae of China. Artocarpus and Humulus are in Yunnan, but Streblus is in Hainan. The diversity centers of Cudrania have expanded from tropical and south subtropics to middle subtropics. There are 98 species in Ficus of China. Diversity centers of Ficus are in southeast Gansu, northeast Guizhou, southern Yunnan, southwest Guangxi, southern Taiwan and western Hainan. There are 11 species in Morus of China. Diversity centers of Morus are in southern Chongqing, southern Hubei, northwest Hunan, central and southern Guizhou, eastern Yunnan and western Guangxi. The results suggest that diversity centers of genera in Moraceae of China have their own characteristics. It is more accurate to study on spatial distribution and diversity of Moraceae based on county, which can determine the minimum range to protect genera of Moraceae. The results support that centers of differentiation and transition in Morus are in Guizhou.
The distribution sites of every species in Moraceae of China were gotten in the websites of Flora Reipubliace Popularis Sinicae, eFlora of China, National Specimen Information Infrastructure, and the relevant books and papers. The site is accurate to county of China. Geographic Information System is used in the paper. Spatial data with 12 genera of Moraceae is composed of every county. Spatial distribution map of genera is made. Spatial similarity coefficient is calculated. Spatial diversities and differences between genera in Moraceae are analyzed.(1) Morus is the most widely distributed in all genera and Maclura is the most narrowly distributed in China.(2) Spatial similarity coefficients between Maclura and other genera are low(0-0.044 4). The coefficients between Maclura and Antiaris, Malaisia are 0. These mean that there are little overlapping areas between Maclura and other genera in spatial distribution. The coefficients between Ficus and Broussonetia, Cudrania are 0.739 4, 0.679 5. This means that there are more overlapping areas between the three genera. The spatial distribution of the Antiaris is from tropical to subtropical region.(3) The diversity centers(protected areas) of all genera are in tropical and subtropical zones in Moraceae of China. Artocarpus and Humulus are in Yunnan, but Streblus is in Hainan. The diversity centers of Cudrania have expanded from tropical and south subtropics to middle subtropics. There are 98 species in Ficus of China. Diversity centers of Ficus are in southeast Gansu, northeast Guizhou, southern Yunnan, southwest Guangxi, southern Taiwan and western Hainan. There are 11 species in Morus of China. Diversity centers of Morus are in southern Chongqing, southern Hubei, northwest Hunan, central and southern Guizhou, eastern Yunnan and western Guangxi. The results suggest that diversity centers of genera in Moraceae of China have their own characteristics. It is more accurate to study on spatial distribution and diversity of Moraceae based on county, which can determine the minimum range to protect genera of Moraceae. The results support that centers of differentiation and transition in Morus are in Guizhou.
引文
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[18] 邱丽氚,常虹,路丹桂.中国壳斗科植物属的空间多样性格局及其指标研究[J].西北植物学报,2018,38(4):179-187.QIU L C,CHANG H,LU D G.Studies on spatial diversity pattern sand its indices of all genera in Fagaceae of China[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2018,38(4):179-187.
[19] 张殷波,杜昊东,金效华.中国野生兰科植物物种多样性与地理分布[J].科学通报,2015,60(2):179-188.ZHANG Y B,DU H D,JIN X H.Species diversity and geographic distribution of wild Orchidaceae in China[J].Chin Sci Bull,2015,60(2):179-188.
[20] SHI Y X,Mon A M,FU Y,et al.The genus Ficus (Moraceae) used in diet:Its plant diversity,distribution,traditional uses and ethnopharmacological importance[J].Journal of Ethnopharmacology,.2018,226:185-196.
[21] FANG J Y,WANG Z H,TANG Z Y.Atlas of woody plants in China Vo1.1[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2011.
[22] 马其侠,王发国,陈炳辉,等.从见血封喉的分布看广东省热带与亚热带的界线划分[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2004,12(1):7-12.MA Q X,WANG F G,CHEN B H,et al.The demarcation between tropics and subtropics in Guangdong judging from the distribution of Antiaris toxicaria [J].Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany,2004,12(1):7-12.
[2] 张秀实.中国植物志(第23卷第1分册)[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.
[3] 夏明炯.桑树的分类及研究简史[J].中国蚕业,2015,36(3):7-13.XIA M J.A brief history of the classification and research of mulberry trees[J].China Sericulture,2015,36(3):7-13.
[4] 陈嵘.中国树木分类学[M].北京:中华农学会,1937.
[5] 吴征镒,路安民,汤彦承,等.中国被子植物科属综论[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:560-562.
[6] 安徽植物志协作组.安徽植物志(第2卷)[M] .北京:中国展望出版社,1987.
[7] 夏明炯.桑属植物的分类检索及中国桑种的特征性状与分布[J].中国蚕业,2015,36(4):8-14.XIA M J.Taxonomic search of mulberry and characteristic characters and distribution of Chinese Mulberry species [J].China Sericulture,2015,36(4):8-14.
[8] 龚固堂.四川桑科植物研究[J].四川林业科技,1994,15(3):1-10.GONG G T.A study of Moraceae in Sichuan [J].Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology,1994,15(3):1-10.
[9] 汪立祥,衣晓娜.皖南山区桑科植物资源及其开发利用初探[J].资源开发与市场,2009,25(7):642-643.WANG L X,YI X N.Exploration to moraceae resource and exploitation and utilization in south of Anhui Province [J].Resource Development & Market,2009,25(7):642-643.
[10] 吴征镒,张秀实.中国桑科的一些新分类单位[J].云南植物研究,1989,11(1):24-34.WU Z Y,ZHANG X S.Taxa Nova Nonnulla Moracearum Sinensium [J].Acta Botanica Yunnanica,1989,11(1):24-34.
[11] 陈仁芳,陈龙清.贵州地区桑属(Morus L.)植物的分布及区系特点[J].蚕业科学,2008,34(3):486-489.CHEN R F,CHEN L Q.Distribution and floristic characteristics of Morus L.in Guizhou Province [J].Science of Sericulture,2008,34(3):486-489.
[12] 谢华,莫家伟,陈翔.贵州省桑科植物资源种类及分布[J].种子,2011,30(10):56-59.XIE H,MO J W,CHEN X.The species and distribution of the family Moraceae in Guizhou [J].Seed,2011,30(10):56-59.
[13] 谢华,张珍明,贺红早,等.贵州云台山桑科植物资源分布及区系特征[J].广东农业科学,2013,40(17):158-159,167.XIE H,ZHANG Z M,HE H Z,et al.Distribution and floristic characteristics of Moraceae plant resources in Guizhou Yuntai Mountain[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2013,40(17):158-159.
[14] 陈仁芳,程明,范小敏.长穗桑Morus wittorum的地理分布[J].四川蚕业,2014,42(2):7-9.CHEN R F,CHENG M,FAN X M.Geographical distribution of Morus wittorum[J].Sichuan Canye,2014,42(2):7-9.
[15] 刘凯旋,陈仁芳,刘玲,等.滇桑Morus yunnanensts Koidz的特征、分布与系统位置[J].四川蚕业,2015,43(3):43-44.LIU K X,CHEN R F,LIU L,et al.Characteristics,distribution and system location of Morus yunnanensts Koidz[J].Sichuan Canye,2015,43(3):43-44.
[16] 刘玲,柯皓天,吕银.蒙桑Morus mongolica的地理分布[J].四川蚕业,2016,44(3):47.LIU L,KE H T,Lü Y.Geographical distribution of Morus mongolica[J].Sichuan Canye,2016,44(3):47.
[17] 邱丽氚,吴晓湲,柳涛.中国壳斗科植物属的空间多样性及差异[J].西北植物学报,2016,36(10):2 103-2 108.QIU L C,WU X Y,LIU T.Spatial diversities and difference of all genera in Fagaceae of China[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2016,36(10):2 103-2 108.
[18] 邱丽氚,常虹,路丹桂.中国壳斗科植物属的空间多样性格局及其指标研究[J].西北植物学报,2018,38(4):179-187.QIU L C,CHANG H,LU D G.Studies on spatial diversity pattern sand its indices of all genera in Fagaceae of China[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2018,38(4):179-187.
[19] 张殷波,杜昊东,金效华.中国野生兰科植物物种多样性与地理分布[J].科学通报,2015,60(2):179-188.ZHANG Y B,DU H D,JIN X H.Species diversity and geographic distribution of wild Orchidaceae in China[J].Chin Sci Bull,2015,60(2):179-188.
[20] SHI Y X,Mon A M,FU Y,et al.The genus Ficus (Moraceae) used in diet:Its plant diversity,distribution,traditional uses and ethnopharmacological importance[J].Journal of Ethnopharmacology,.2018,226:185-196.
[21] FANG J Y,WANG Z H,TANG Z Y.Atlas of woody plants in China Vo1.1[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2011.
[22] 马其侠,王发国,陈炳辉,等.从见血封喉的分布看广东省热带与亚热带的界线划分[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2004,12(1):7-12.MA Q X,WANG F G,CHEN B H,et al.The demarcation between tropics and subtropics in Guangdong judging from the distribution of Antiaris toxicaria [J].Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany,2004,12(1):7-12.