人文因素视域下西藏草地退化问题研究
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摘要
选择西藏藏北地区那曲市附近3个典型乡(镇)——那曲镇、罗玛镇、孔玛乡所属的行政村,采用参与式农村评估法中的半结构式访谈对当地的牧户进行了大量的问卷调查,以透过人文因素视角对草地生态问题进行研究,挖掘和剖析牧户特定的生态观念及生产方式,从而为该地区草地—家畜—人群生态体系和谐共处、生态环境脆弱性评价以及有针对性地进行草地生态保护提供参考依据。调查结果表明,70%的牧户认为草地质量变差,且65.0%的牧户认为鼠、虫害是造成草地退化的首要原因;在对草地退化所采取措施的认知中,21.7%的牧户认为应该减少牛、羊数量。
In this study, a large number of administrative villages belonging to three typical townships(Nagqu, Luoma and Kongma) near Nagqu Prefecture in northern Tibet were investigated by using semi-structured interviews in participatory rural assessment. The ecological problems of grassland were studied from the perspective of humanistic factors, and the specific ecological concept and production mode of herdsmen were excavated and analyzed. We aimed to provide a reference for the implementation of harmonious coexistence in ecological system of grassland-livestock-people, evaluation on vulnerability of ecological environment, and establishment of grassland ecological protection measures in a targeted way. Results showed that 70% of the investigated herdsmen considered that the grassland quality was reduced and 65.0% of the investigated herdsmen considered rodent-insect harms as the leading cause of grassland degradation; in respect of cognition on control countermeasures of grassland degradation, 21.7% of the investigated herdsmen considered that the grazing pressure(number of grazing cattle and sheep) was expected to be reduced.
In this study, a large number of administrative villages belonging to three typical townships(Nagqu, Luoma and Kongma) near Nagqu Prefecture in northern Tibet were investigated by using semi-structured interviews in participatory rural assessment. The ecological problems of grassland were studied from the perspective of humanistic factors, and the specific ecological concept and production mode of herdsmen were excavated and analyzed. We aimed to provide a reference for the implementation of harmonious coexistence in ecological system of grassland-livestock-people, evaluation on vulnerability of ecological environment, and establishment of grassland ecological protection measures in a targeted way. Results showed that 70% of the investigated herdsmen considered that the grassland quality was reduced and 65.0% of the investigated herdsmen considered rodent-insect harms as the leading cause of grassland degradation; in respect of cognition on control countermeasures of grassland degradation, 21.7% of the investigated herdsmen considered that the grazing pressure(number of grazing cattle and sheep) was expected to be reduced.
引文
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[9]许鹏.草地调查规划学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1994.
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[2]孙鸿烈,郑度,姚檀栋,等.青藏高原国家生态安全屏障保护与建设[J].地理学报,2012,67(1):3-12.
[3]张宪洲,何永涛,沈振西,等.西藏地区可持续发展面临的主要生态环境问题及对策[J].中国科学院院刊,2015,30(3):306-312.
[4]白玛措.生态人类学与西藏草地研究[J].中国藏学,2005(4):3-12.
[5]洛加才让.藏族生态伦理文化初探[J].西北民族学院学报(哲学社会科学版),2002(5):35-38.
[6]宋蜀华.人类学研究与中国民族生态环境和传统文化的关系[J].中央民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版),1996(4):62-67.
[7]蔡晓布,张永青,邵伟.藏北高寒草原草地退化及其驱动力分析[J].土壤,2007,39(6):855-858.
[8]曹旭娟,干珠扎布,梁艳,等.基于NDVI的藏北地区草地退化时空分布特征分析[J].草业学报,2016,25(3):1-8.
[9]许鹏.草地调查规划学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1994.
[10]格勒,旺希卓玛,卢梅.关于加快藏区现代化建设步伐的调查与思考[J].中国藏学,2006(4):3-14.
[11]谢红,卢金金.关于西藏农牧业结构调整与发展的思考[J].西藏大学学报,2005,20(3):29-31.