提锂技术进展
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摘要
随着新能源市场的崛起,国内外相关锂产业对锂的需求量急速增长,因此对提锂技术进行研究具有重大的现实意义。目前,根据自然界存在的锂资源类型,提锂技术主要分为卤水提锂和矿石提锂。卤水提锂技术主要应用于工业级碳酸锂的生产,其工艺简单、生产成本较低,但生产条件恶劣,一般分为沉淀法、溶剂萃取法和离子交换吸附法;矿石提锂技术主要用于生产高质量电池级碳酸锂,生产工艺成熟,但生产成本较高,对设备要求高,一般分为石灰烧结法、硫酸盐法、硫酸法、氯化焙烧法和纯碱压煮法。指出卤水提锂和矿石提锂这2种提锂技术各有优势,将在国内长期保持互补关系。
With the rise of new energy market,the domestic and foreign lithium industry demand for lithium is increasing rapidly,so it is of great practical significance to study lithium extraction technology. At present,lithium extraction technologies can be divided into extraction of lithium from brine and extraction of lithium from ore according to lithium resources type natural existing. The technology of extracting lithium from brine is mainly used in the production of industrial lithium carbonate. The process is simple and production cost is low,but the production conditions are bad,which are usually divided into methods of precipitation,solvent extraction and ion exchange adsorption. Lithium extraction from ores is mainly used to produce high quality battery grade lithium carbonate. The production process is mature,but the production cost is high. High requirements for equipment. Lithium extraction from ores can be divided into methods of lime sintering,sulfate,sulphuric acid,chlorination roasting and soda pressure boiling. It is pointed out that each of the two lithium extraction technologies,brine extraction and ore extraction,has its own advantages and will maintain a complementary relationship for a long time.
With the rise of new energy market,the domestic and foreign lithium industry demand for lithium is increasing rapidly,so it is of great practical significance to study lithium extraction technology. At present,lithium extraction technologies can be divided into extraction of lithium from brine and extraction of lithium from ore according to lithium resources type natural existing. The technology of extracting lithium from brine is mainly used in the production of industrial lithium carbonate. The process is simple and production cost is low,but the production conditions are bad,which are usually divided into methods of precipitation,solvent extraction and ion exchange adsorption. Lithium extraction from ores is mainly used to produce high quality battery grade lithium carbonate. The production process is mature,but the production cost is high. High requirements for equipment. Lithium extraction from ores can be divided into methods of lime sintering,sulfate,sulphuric acid,chlorination roasting and soda pressure boiling. It is pointed out that each of the two lithium extraction technologies,brine extraction and ore extraction,has its own advantages and will maintain a complementary relationship for a long time.
引文
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[4]彭文革,罗光华,李广梅.世界锂资源概况及开发现状[J].江西化工,2017(3):8-12.Peng Wenge,Luo Guanghua,Li Guangmei.Overview and development status of lithium resource[J].Jiangxi Chemical Industry,2017(3):8-12.
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[11]钟辉,周燕芳,殷辉安.卤水锂资源开发技术进展[J].矿产综合利用,2003(1):23-28.Zhong Hui,Zhou Yanfang,Yin Huian.Progress in technology for extracting lithium from Li-bearing brine resources[J].Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources,2003(1):23-28.
[12]刘向磊,钟辉,唐中杰.盐湖卤水提锂工艺技术现状及存在的问题[J].无机盐工业,2009,41(6):4-6.Liu Xianglei,Zhong Hui,Tang Zhongjie.Current status and existing problems of lithium extraction technology from salt lake[J].Inorganic Chemicals Industry,2009,41(6):4-6.
[13]王日公,王军,王晓燕,等.从高镁锂比盐湖卤水中一步提取碳酸锂的方法:中国,1502557[P].2004-06-09.Wang Rigong,Wang Jun,Wang Xiaoyan,et al.The method of extracting lithium carbonate from the brine of high magnesium lithium ratio salt lake:China,1502557[P].2004-06-09.
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[15]Boryta D A,Kullberg T F,Thurston A M.Production of lithium compounds directly from lithium containing brines:US,6921522B2[P].2005-07-26.
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[18]徐徽,许良,陈白珍,等.高镁锂比盐湖卤水镁锂分离工艺[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2009,40(1):36-40.Xu Hui,Xu Liang,Chen Baizhen,et al.Separating technique for magnesium and lithium from high Mg/Li ratio salt lake brine[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2009,40(1):36-40.
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[20]钟辉,杨建元,张梵.高镁锂比盐湖卤水中制取碳酸锂的方法:中国,1335262[P].2002-02-13.Zhong Hui,Yang Jianyuan,Zhang Fan.The method of preparing lithium carbonate in the brine of high magnesium lithium ratio salt lake:China,1335262[P].2002-02-13.
[21]钟辉,许惠.一种硫酸镁亚型盐湖卤水镁锂分离方法:中国,1454843[P].2003-11-12.Zhong Hui,Xu Hui.A method for the separation of magnesium sulfate and magnesium in salt lake:China,1454843[P].2003-11-12.
[22]赵冬,杜雪敏,王士强,等.高镁、锂比盐湖卤水提锂研究[J].盐科学与化工,2017,46(6):40-44.Zhao Dong,Du Xuemin,Wang Shiqiang,et al.Research on extraction from salt lake brine with high Mg/Li ratio[J].Journal of Salt Science and Chemical Industry,2017,46(6):40-44.
[23]张金才,王敏,戴静.卤水提锂的萃取体系概述[J].盐湖研究,2005,13(1):42-48.Zhang Jincai,Wang Min,Dai Jing.Summarization of the lithium extraction system[J].Journal of Salt Lake Research,2005,13(1):42-48.
[24]孙锡良,陈白珍,徐徽,等.从盐湖卤水中萃取锂[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2007,38(2):262-266.Sun Xiliang,Chen Baizhen,Xu Hui,et al.Extraction of lithium from bittern[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2007,38(2):262-266.
[25]高洁,邓天龙,朱华芳.一种盐湖卤水萃取法提锂的协同萃取体系:中国,102001692[P].2011-04-06.Gao Jie,Deng Tianlong,Zhu Huafang.A synergistic extraction system for extracting lithium from salt lake brine extraction:China,102001692[P].2011-04-06.
[26]Ilic D,Kilb M,Holl K,et al.Recent progress in rechargeable nickel/metal hydride and lithium-ion miniature rechargeable batteries[J].Journal of Power Sources,1999,80(1/2):112-115.
[27]雷家珩,弓巧侠,尚建华,等.锂离子筛前驱体正尖晶石结构Li Mn2O4的合成及其特性研究[J].武汉大学学报:理学版,2001,47(6):707-711.Lei Jiaheng,Gong Qiaoxia,Shang Jianhua,et al.Study on synthesis and properties of normal spinel structure Li Mn2O4for lithium ionsieve precursor[J].Journal of Wuhan University:Natural Science Edition,2001,47(6):707-711.
[28]Bauman W C,Burba Iii J L.Composition for the recovery of lithium values from brine and process of making/using said composition:US,6280693[P].2001-08-28.
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