房柱式开采磷房冒顶原因分析与支护设计
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摘要
为解决开磷集团房柱式采掘过程中磷房经常冒顶问题,在对工程开采现状和冒顶事故现象总结的基础上,分析了磷房冒顶原因,直接顶岩性较差是根本原因,支护结构和强度不合理是主要原因,开采影响是直接原因。通过顶板受力分析和支护原则确定,提出了适合于该顶板条件下的"锚索+槽钢+金属网"的优化支护设计对策,放弃使用锚杆;并采用FLAC~(3D)数值模拟软件对支护效果进行验证,结果显示:磷房开挖时,应力重新分布,锚索受力急剧增加,顶板快速下沉,并逐渐趋缓;达到新的平衡时,锚索受力约275 k N,顶板最大下沉量23 mm,顶板作用力向磷柱转移。经分析可知:"锚索+槽钢+金属网"的优化支护对策可对整个直接顶起悬吊作用,并通过锚索预应力扩散有效提高直接顶板整体性,成功阻止顶板冒落。同时,也为同类房柱式顶板支护设计提供了工程依据。
In order to solve the problems of roof caving in the pillar mining process of Guizhou Kailin( Group) Co.,Ltd.,based on summarizing the status quo of mining and the phenomena of roof fall accident,the reason for roof fall of phosphorus house was analysed,the poor lithology of immediate roof is the root cause,unreasonable supporting structure and strength is the main reason,and mining effect is the direct reason. Through the analysis of roof stress and the principle of supporting,the optimized supporting scheme was proposed in the paper,which was defined as " anchor + U-steel + metal mesh",and was suitable for the conditions of roof. Bolt was abandoned in this design. And the FLAC~(3D) numerical simulation software was used to verify the supporting effect. Results show: the stress redistribution in the excavation of the phosphorus house,at same time anchor force increased dramatically,roof sinking fast and gradually slowed down;when it reaches a new balance,the anchor cable is under the force of about 275 k N,the roof of the maximum sinking 23 mm,the roof force transfers to the phosphorus column. From the above analysis,it can be known that,the optimized " anchor + U-steel + metal mesh" supporting engineering design has the suspension function for the entire immediate roof,and the direct roof integrity is effectively improved by the spread of anchor cable prestress,successfully prevent roof caving. Meanwhile,it also provides the engineering basis for the design of the same kind of room pillar roof supporting.
In order to solve the problems of roof caving in the pillar mining process of Guizhou Kailin( Group) Co.,Ltd.,based on summarizing the status quo of mining and the phenomena of roof fall accident,the reason for roof fall of phosphorus house was analysed,the poor lithology of immediate roof is the root cause,unreasonable supporting structure and strength is the main reason,and mining effect is the direct reason. Through the analysis of roof stress and the principle of supporting,the optimized supporting scheme was proposed in the paper,which was defined as " anchor + U-steel + metal mesh",and was suitable for the conditions of roof. Bolt was abandoned in this design. And the FLAC~(3D) numerical simulation software was used to verify the supporting effect. Results show: the stress redistribution in the excavation of the phosphorus house,at same time anchor force increased dramatically,roof sinking fast and gradually slowed down;when it reaches a new balance,the anchor cable is under the force of about 275 k N,the roof of the maximum sinking 23 mm,the roof force transfers to the phosphorus column. From the above analysis,it can be known that,the optimized " anchor + U-steel + metal mesh" supporting engineering design has the suspension function for the entire immediate roof,and the direct roof integrity is effectively improved by the spread of anchor cable prestress,successfully prevent roof caving. Meanwhile,it also provides the engineering basis for the design of the same kind of room pillar roof supporting.
引文
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[15]徐军见.深井大断面沿空巷道支护技术研究[D].济南:山东科技大学,2013.
[2]王文才,岑旺,巴蕾.矿山冒顶片帮灾害事故树分析[J].金属矿山,2010(3):142-144.Wang Wencai,Cen Wang,Ba Lei.Fault tree analysis of roof falling accident in mine[J].Metal Mine,2010(3):142-144.
[3]姚强岭,李学华.泥岩顶板巷道遇水冒顶机理与支护对策分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2011,28(1):28-33.Yao Qiangling,Li Xuehua.Supporting countermeasures and roof falling mechanism reacting with water in mudstone roof roadway[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2011,28(1):28-33.
[4]曾赤.煤矿复合顶板巷道冒顶机理及防控研究[D].湘潭:湖南科技大学,2015.
[5]杨光荣,李家壕.矿切眼顶板冒顶危险区预测原理与方法研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京):2013.
[6]康红普,王金华.煤矿巷道支护技术的研究与应用[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(11):1810-1814.Kang Hongpu,Wang Jinhua.Study and applications of roadway support techniques for coalmines[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(11):1810-1814.
[7]李为腾,李术才.高应力软岩巷道支护失效机制及控制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(9):1836-1848.Li Weiteng,Li Shucai.Mechanism and control of failure of rock roadway support in highly stressed soft rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(9):1836-1848.
[8]姚俊伟.缓倾斜薄至中厚磷矿体地下开采矿压显现及覆岩活动规律研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2012.
[9]孟达,王家臣,王进学.房柱式开采上覆岩层破坏与垮落机理[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(6):577-580.Meng Da,Wang Jiachen,Wang Jinxue.Mechanism on the failure and caving of roof strata in pillar and house mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(6):577-580.
[10]蒙光林.开阳磷矿中磷采矿的地压显现及支护技术研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2005.
[11]王金安,尚新春,刘红,等.采空区坚硬顶板破断机理与灾变塌陷研究[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(8):850-855.Wang Jin'an,Shang Xinchun,Liu Hong,et al.Study on fracture mechanism and catastrophic collapse of strong roof strata above the mined area[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2008,33(8):850-855.
[12]马念杰,赵希栋.深部采动巷道顶板稳定性分析与控制[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(10):2287-2294.Ma Nianjie,Zhao Xidong.Stability analysis and control technology of mine roadway roof in deep mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(10):2287-2294.
[13]钱鸣高,石平五.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003.
[14]徐芝伦.弹性力学(下册)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1992.
[15]徐军见.深井大断面沿空巷道支护技术研究[D].济南:山东科技大学,2013.