大采高工作面过断层构造煤壁片帮机理及控制
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摘要
高强度采动影响下,煤壁片帮问题在大采高工作面日趋突出,针对断层构造处高帮煤壁稳定性恶化且难以支护的问题,采用数值模拟、理论分析、室内及现场试验等综合研究方法,分析了断层构造处大采高工作面煤壁破坏机理、稳定性影响因素及控制措施。断层构造处工作面前方煤体塑性破坏区的扩大增加了揭露前煤体损伤程度,为片帮事故发生奠定了基础;建立高帮煤壁稳定性分析力学模型,分别得到剪切、拉裂型片帮发生判据;得到煤体破坏起裂角βsm,βtm(非恒值)确定公式及影响因素;煤体黏聚力、内摩擦角及采高对两种片帮形式的影响程度均为:黏聚力>采高>内摩擦角;断层构造处片帮事故发生频率、危害程度急剧增大原因为:采高过大、煤体物理力学性能降低、顶板载荷增大;最后以王庄8101工作面过F286断层为工程背景,提出了重型设备"低割煤高度、高初撑力、高护帮高度"结合煤壁注浆的综合过断层措施,有效改善了煤壁控制效果,提高了开机率。
Rib falling becomes a main problem at mining face with large cutting height under high-intensive extraction and even leads to the stop of a mining operation. Numerical simulation,theoretical analysis,laboratory test and in-situ monitoring were carried out for improving the stability of coal wall as working face approaching fault and the mechanism of rib falling. Also,the influential factors and their control technologies were analyzed. Expansion of plastic area magnified the damage degree of coal before its exposure to fault,which might cause accident. Mechanical model for stability analysis was built,and the criterion of shear and tensile rib falling were put forward respectively.Formula used for calculating crack angle was deduced for the first time,then its influential factors were analyzed.The impacting extent to shear and tensile rib falling of different factors were cohesion >mining height >friction. The frequency and hazard degree of rib fall increase near the fault because of its large mining height,the deduction of coal physical and mechanical properties and the increase of roof load. In the study,the controlling measures of"small cutting height,high setting force,large coal wall protection height"with heavy equipments and grouting were applied at 8101 mining face in Wangzhuang Coal Mine and the in-situ measurement showed a good effect.
Rib falling becomes a main problem at mining face with large cutting height under high-intensive extraction and even leads to the stop of a mining operation. Numerical simulation,theoretical analysis,laboratory test and in-situ monitoring were carried out for improving the stability of coal wall as working face approaching fault and the mechanism of rib falling. Also,the influential factors and their control technologies were analyzed. Expansion of plastic area magnified the damage degree of coal before its exposure to fault,which might cause accident. Mechanical model for stability analysis was built,and the criterion of shear and tensile rib falling were put forward respectively.Formula used for calculating crack angle was deduced for the first time,then its influential factors were analyzed.The impacting extent to shear and tensile rib falling of different factors were cohesion >mining height >friction. The frequency and hazard degree of rib fall increase near the fault because of its large mining height,the deduction of coal physical and mechanical properties and the increase of roof load. In the study,the controlling measures of"small cutting height,high setting force,large coal wall protection height"with heavy equipments and grouting were applied at 8101 mining face in Wangzhuang Coal Mine and the in-situ measurement showed a good effect.
引文
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[13]曹胜根,刘长友.高档工作面断层破碎带顶板注浆加固技术[J].煤炭学报,2004,29(5):545-549.Cao Shenggen,Liu Changyou.Grouting reinforcement technique in fault broken roof in working face with individual props[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2004,29(5):545-549.
[14]马立强,张东升,孙广京,等.厚冲积层下大采高综放工作面顶板控制机理与实践[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(2):199-203.Ma Liqiang,Zhang Dongsheng,Sun Guangjing,et al.Thick alluvium full-mechanized caving mining with large mining height face roof control mechanism and practice[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(2):199-203.
[15]李龙生,韩晓东.厚煤层综放工作面过特大断层技术实践[J].煤炭科学技术,2012,40(10):52-54.Li Longsheng,Han Xiaodong.Practices on technology of fully mechanized top coal caving mining face in thick seam passing through ultra large fault[J].Coal Science and Technology,2012,40(10):52-54.
[16]张银亮,刘俊峰,庞义辉,等.液压支架护帮机构防片帮效果分析[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(4):691-695.Zhang Yinliang,Liu Junfeng,Pang Yihui,et al.Effect analysis of prevention rib spalling system in hydraulic support[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(4):691-695.
[2]王金华.我国大采高综采技术与装备的现状及发展趋势[J].煤炭科学技术,2006,34(1):4-7.Wang Jinhua.Present status and development tendency of fully mechanized coal mining technology and equipment with high cutting height in China[J].Coal Science and Technology,2006,34(1):4-7.
[3]李志华,窦林名,陆振裕,等.采动诱发断层滑移失稳的研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2010,27(4):499-504.Li Zhihua,Dou Linming,Lu Zhenyu,et al.Study of the fault slide destabilization induced by coal mining[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2010,27(4):499-504.
[4]杨建立,左建平,孙凯,等.大采高多断层工作面综放诱发地表沉陷观测及数值分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(6):1216-1224.Yang Jianli,Zuo Jianping,Sun Kai,et al.In-situ observation and numerical analysis of surface subsidence of high working face with multi-fault induced by fully mechanized mining activity[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(6):1216-1224.
[5]李志华,窦林名,牟宗龙,等.断层对顶板型冲击矿压的影响[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2008,25(2):154-163.Li Zhihua,Dou Linming,Mu Zonglong,et al.Effect of fault on roof rock burst[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2008,25(2):154-163.
[6]王金安,刘航,李铁,等.临近断层开采动力危险区划分数值模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(1):28-35.Wang Jin’an,Liu Hang,Li Tie,et al.Study on numerical simulation of dynamic risk regionalization during exploitation approaching to faults[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(1):28-35.
[7]孟召平,彭苏萍,黎洪.正断层附近煤的物理力学性质变化及其对矿压分布的影响[J].煤炭学报,2001,26(6):561-566.Meng Zhaoping,Peng Shuping,Li Hong.Changes of the physical and mechanical properties of normal fault near coal and its influence on the rock pressure distribution[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2001,26(6):561-566.
[8]王家臣.极软厚煤层煤壁片帮与防治机理[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(8):785-788.Wang Jiachen.Mechanism of the rib spalling and the controlling in the very soft coal seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(8):785-788.
[9]袁永,屠世浩,马小涛,等.“三软”大采高综采面煤壁稳定性及其控制研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(1):21-25.Yuan Yong,Tu Shihao,Ma Xiaotao,et al.Coal wall stability of fully mechanized working face with great mining height in“three soft”coal seam and its control technology[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2012,29(1):21-25.
[10]陈亮,孟祥瑞,高召宁,等.大采高综采工作面煤壁片帮机理分析[J].煤炭科学技术,2011,39(5):18-24.Chen Liang,Meng Xiangrui,Gao Zhaoning,et al.Analysis on spalling mechanism of coal wall law for fully mechanized high cutting coal mining face[J].Coal Science and Technology,2011,39(5):18-24.
[11]宁宇.大采高综采煤壁片帮冒顶机理与控制技术[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(1):50-52.Ning Yu.Mechanism and control technique of the rib spalling in fully mechanized mining face with great mining height[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34(1):50-52.
[12]尹希文,闫少宏,安宇.大采高综采面煤壁片帮特征分析与应用[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2008,25(2):222-225.Yin Xiwen,Yan Shaohong,An Yu.Characters of the rib spalling in fully mechanized caving face with great mining height[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2008,25(2):222-225.
[13]曹胜根,刘长友.高档工作面断层破碎带顶板注浆加固技术[J].煤炭学报,2004,29(5):545-549.Cao Shenggen,Liu Changyou.Grouting reinforcement technique in fault broken roof in working face with individual props[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2004,29(5):545-549.
[14]马立强,张东升,孙广京,等.厚冲积层下大采高综放工作面顶板控制机理与实践[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(2):199-203.Ma Liqiang,Zhang Dongsheng,Sun Guangjing,et al.Thick alluvium full-mechanized caving mining with large mining height face roof control mechanism and practice[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(2):199-203.
[15]李龙生,韩晓东.厚煤层综放工作面过特大断层技术实践[J].煤炭科学技术,2012,40(10):52-54.Li Longsheng,Han Xiaodong.Practices on technology of fully mechanized top coal caving mining face in thick seam passing through ultra large fault[J].Coal Science and Technology,2012,40(10):52-54.
[16]张银亮,刘俊峰,庞义辉,等.液压支架护帮机构防片帮效果分析[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(4):691-695.Zhang Yinliang,Liu Junfeng,Pang Yihui,et al.Effect analysis of prevention rib spalling system in hydraulic support[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(4):691-695.