基于动态特性补偿的绝热加速量热仪温度随动控制优化
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摘要
针对绝热加速量热仪测试反应剧烈的样品时温度传感器存在动态测量误差,导致在进行反应热力学和动力学计算中出现偏差的现象,提出一种绝热反应过程中实时在系统动态特性补偿的方法。首先采用基于集中参数的方法对绝热反应过程进行模拟仿真,分析了影响进行反应热力学和动力学参数求取准确性的主要因素,其次利用粒子群算法的全局寻优能力,得到动态补偿器参数,并将其运用到绝热加速量热仪温度随动控制算法中。最后,通过标准样品对该补偿方法进行实验测试,验证了方法的有效性,研究结果对于提高化学反应热危险性评估准确性具有重要意义。
Maintaining the temperature equal between the sample and the environment during the self-accelerating rate reaction process is the precondition for the accurate thermodynamic and kinetic calculation with adiabatic accelerating rate calorimeter. However,with the response lags of the sensors and actuators in the system,this precondition cannot be satisfied strictly,especially in the violent reaction stage. In order to overcome this shortcoming,an optimized temperature tracking algorithm is proposed based on the dynamic characteristics compensation. Firstly,through modelling the adiabatic reaction process based on the lumped parameter method,the main factors affecting the accuracy of the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of the reaction are analyzed. Then,the response time constants are obtained by using the global optimization ability of the particle swarm algorithm,and used in the temperature control algorithm. Finally,the dynamic compensation method was tested by standard samples to verify the effectiveness of the method. The research results are of great significance to improve the accuracy of thermal risk assessment of chemical reactions.
Maintaining the temperature equal between the sample and the environment during the self-accelerating rate reaction process is the precondition for the accurate thermodynamic and kinetic calculation with adiabatic accelerating rate calorimeter. However,with the response lags of the sensors and actuators in the system,this precondition cannot be satisfied strictly,especially in the violent reaction stage. In order to overcome this shortcoming,an optimized temperature tracking algorithm is proposed based on the dynamic characteristics compensation. Firstly,through modelling the adiabatic reaction process based on the lumped parameter method,the main factors affecting the accuracy of the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of the reaction are analyzed. Then,the response time constants are obtained by using the global optimization ability of the particle swarm algorithm,and used in the temperature control algorithm. Finally,the dynamic compensation method was tested by standard samples to verify the effectiveness of the method. The research results are of great significance to improve the accuracy of thermal risk assessment of chemical reactions.
引文
[1]陈网桦,彭金华,陈利平.化工工艺的热安全---风险评估与工艺设计[M].北京:科学出版社,2009:71-72.
[2]Townsend D I,Tou J C.Thermal Hazard Evaluation by an Accelerating Rate Calorimeter[J].Thermochimica Acta,1980,37:1-30.
[3]黄坚.自动控制原理及其应用[M].第2版.北京:高等教育出版社,2009:5-6.
[4]夏全国,张志华.舰炮随动控制系统PID控制器参数与稳定域计算研究[J].舰船电子工程,2014,34(5):50-53.
[5]张同杰.某火箭武器抗干扰位置随动系统控制研究[D].南京:南京理工大学,2016.
[6]张义兵,戴瑜兴,汤睿.多线切割机速度同步系统的自适应逆控制[J].控制理论与应用,2008,25(6):1007-1015.
[7]包元兴,丁炯,杨遂军,等.强耦合双通道热分析炉温度跟随控制策略研究[J].测控技术,2016,35(5):70-74.
[8]曾庆顺.基于遗传优化的模糊PID-Smith算法在LD温控系统中的研究[D].湘潭:湘潭大学,2016.
[9]肖尚辉,荆耀秋,汤俊.一种基于温控半导体激光波长扫描的光纤瓦斯测量系统[J].传感技术学报,2017,30(1):162-166.
[10]潘保青,李岩峰,张志杰.基于量子粒子群算法的热电偶动态校准及动态补偿技术研究[J].传感技术学报,2015,28(7):992-996.
[11]钱新明,刘丽,张杰.绝热加速反应量热仪在化工生产热危险性评价中的应用[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2005,1(4):13-18.
[12]Fisher H G,Goetz D D.Determination of Self-Accelerating Decomposition Temperatures Using the Accelerating Rate Calorimeter[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,1991,4(5):305-316.
[13]Kersten R J A,Boers M N,Stork M M,et al.Results of a RoundRobin with Di-Tertiary-Butyl Peroxide in Various Adiabatic Equipment for Assessment of Runaway Reaction Hazards[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2005,18(3):145-151.
[14]戴先中,殷铭,王勤.传感器动态补偿的神经网络逆系统方法[J].仪器仪表学报,2004(5):593-596.
[15]魏娟,张志杰,赵晨阳,等.冲击波测试系统中压力传感器的实时动态补偿实现[J].传感技术学报,2018,31(4):545-550.
[2]Townsend D I,Tou J C.Thermal Hazard Evaluation by an Accelerating Rate Calorimeter[J].Thermochimica Acta,1980,37:1-30.
[3]黄坚.自动控制原理及其应用[M].第2版.北京:高等教育出版社,2009:5-6.
[4]夏全国,张志华.舰炮随动控制系统PID控制器参数与稳定域计算研究[J].舰船电子工程,2014,34(5):50-53.
[5]张同杰.某火箭武器抗干扰位置随动系统控制研究[D].南京:南京理工大学,2016.
[6]张义兵,戴瑜兴,汤睿.多线切割机速度同步系统的自适应逆控制[J].控制理论与应用,2008,25(6):1007-1015.
[7]包元兴,丁炯,杨遂军,等.强耦合双通道热分析炉温度跟随控制策略研究[J].测控技术,2016,35(5):70-74.
[8]曾庆顺.基于遗传优化的模糊PID-Smith算法在LD温控系统中的研究[D].湘潭:湘潭大学,2016.
[9]肖尚辉,荆耀秋,汤俊.一种基于温控半导体激光波长扫描的光纤瓦斯测量系统[J].传感技术学报,2017,30(1):162-166.
[10]潘保青,李岩峰,张志杰.基于量子粒子群算法的热电偶动态校准及动态补偿技术研究[J].传感技术学报,2015,28(7):992-996.
[11]钱新明,刘丽,张杰.绝热加速反应量热仪在化工生产热危险性评价中的应用[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2005,1(4):13-18.
[12]Fisher H G,Goetz D D.Determination of Self-Accelerating Decomposition Temperatures Using the Accelerating Rate Calorimeter[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,1991,4(5):305-316.
[13]Kersten R J A,Boers M N,Stork M M,et al.Results of a RoundRobin with Di-Tertiary-Butyl Peroxide in Various Adiabatic Equipment for Assessment of Runaway Reaction Hazards[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2005,18(3):145-151.
[14]戴先中,殷铭,王勤.传感器动态补偿的神经网络逆系统方法[J].仪器仪表学报,2004(5):593-596.
[15]魏娟,张志杰,赵晨阳,等.冲击波测试系统中压力传感器的实时动态补偿实现[J].传感技术学报,2018,31(4):545-550.