创新主体的知识转移与共享机制——基于创新生态系统的研究
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摘要
在知识经济时代,知识要素在创新生态系统优化过程中的核心地位日益得到实践验证,对创新主体间知识共享、演化过程进行深入分析显得尤为必要。促进创新主体协同创新的基本形式是知识转移与共享,囊括协同关系的确立阶段、知识共享平台和辅助支撑体系。文章基于创新生态系统,剖析了创新主体的知识转移与共享机制,从协同研发、企业创立和人才流动着手筑造创新主体的知识转移与共享实施机制,推动知识特别是隐性知识在生态系统内的转移与共享。由于创新主体的异质性,知识转移与共享存在着多种形式,其有效的推进离不开法律法规、契约和信任等治理机制的维系。
In the era of knowledge economy,the core position of knowledge elements in the process for innovation ecosystem optimization was increasingly verified by practice. It was particularly necessary to analyze the process of knowledge transferring,sharing and evolution among innovation subjects. The basic forms to promote the collaborative innovation of innovation subjects were knowledge transfer and sharing,including the establishment stage of collaborative relationship,knowledge sharing platform and supporting system. Based on the innovation ecosystem,the knowledge transfer and sharing mechanism of innovation subject was analyzed. It was necessary to build the implementation mechanism of knowledge transfer and its sharing for innovation subject from collaborative research and development,enterprise establishment and talent flow in order to promote the transfer and sharing of knowledge,especially tacit knowledge in the ecosystem. There were many forms of knowledge transfer and its sharing due to the heterogeneity of innovation subjects,which could be effectively promoted without the maintenance of governance mechanisms such as law regulations,contract and trust.
In the era of knowledge economy,the core position of knowledge elements in the process for innovation ecosystem optimization was increasingly verified by practice. It was particularly necessary to analyze the process of knowledge transferring,sharing and evolution among innovation subjects. The basic forms to promote the collaborative innovation of innovation subjects were knowledge transfer and sharing,including the establishment stage of collaborative relationship,knowledge sharing platform and supporting system. Based on the innovation ecosystem,the knowledge transfer and sharing mechanism of innovation subject was analyzed. It was necessary to build the implementation mechanism of knowledge transfer and its sharing for innovation subject from collaborative research and development,enterprise establishment and talent flow in order to promote the transfer and sharing of knowledge,especially tacit knowledge in the ecosystem. There were many forms of knowledge transfer and its sharing due to the heterogeneity of innovation subjects,which could be effectively promoted without the maintenance of governance mechanisms such as law regulations,contract and trust.
引文
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[2]戚溥,张明,丁刚.基于博弈理论的协同创新主体资源共享策略研究[J].中国软科学,2013,(1)∶119-151.
[3]Vasanth Kaviath,Lewlyn L R Rodrigues,Pradeepdesal. The Role of Top Management in Using Knowledge Management as a Tool for Innovation——A System Dynamics Perspective[J]. Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering,2011,(1)∶759-762.
[4]Liao Uefa,Jiang Jinhu,Wang Kanliang. Knowledge Management Strategy and Organiza-tional Learning:An Agent-based Simulation[J]. African Journal of Business Management,2011,(8)∶3010-3016.
[5]陈劲,阳银娟.协同创新的理论基础与内涵[J].科学学研究,2012,(2)∶161-164.
[6]涂振洲,顾新.基于知识流动的产学研协同创新过程研究[J].利学学研究,2013,(9)∶1381-1390.
[7]张浩.协同创新中的知识转移演化机制与激励策略研究[J].中国科学基金,2017,(6)∶598-602.
[8]徐芳,瞿静.基于社交网络的隐性知识共享模式构建[J].情报理论与实践,2018,(3)∶68-72,94.
[9]Szulanski G. Exploring Internal Stickiness:Impediments to the Transfer of Best Practice within the Firm[J]. Strategic Management Journal,1996,(17)∶27-43.
[10]顾新.知识链管理——基于生命周期的组织之间的知识管理框架模型研究[M].成都:四川大学出版社,2008.
[11]Burnside C. Production Function Regression,Returns to Scale,and Externalities[J]. Journal of Monetary Economics,1996,(37)∶177-201.
[12]野中郁次郎,竹内弘高.创造知识的企业——日美企业持续创新的动力[M].北京:知识产权出版社,2006.
[13]万幼清,邓明然.基于知识视角的产业集群协同创新绩效分析[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2007,(4)∶88-91.
[14]杨德群,杨朝军.知识创造螺旋机理:认识论—本体论的观点[J].情报科学,2004,(11)∶1327-1330.
[15]鲁迪·拉各斯,丹·霍尔特休斯.知识优势新经时代市场制胜之道[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[16]谢康,吴清津,肖静华.企业知识分享、学习曲线与国家知识优势[J].管理科学学报,2002,(2)∶14-21.
[17]陈昀,贺远琼,周振红.研究型大学主导的区域创新生态系统构建研究[J].科技进步与对策,2013,(14)∶32-36.
[18]Breznitz S,Feldman M P. The Engaged University[J]. Journal of Technology Transfer,2012,(2)∶139-157.
[19]陈士慧,胡赤弟.学科—专业—产业链融合价值链分析——基于知识流动视角[J].科技进步与对策,2013,(2)∶112-116.
[20]黄劲松.产学研合作的混合治理模式研究[J].科学学研究,2015,33(1)∶69-75.
[21]邢青松,上官登伟,梁学栋,等.考虑知识多维属性特性的协同创新知识共享及治理模式[J].软科学,2016,(2)∶50-54,59.
[22]郑向杰,赵炎.联盟创新网络中企业间知识共享博弈分析[J].软科学,2013,(10)∶83-86,96.