山药历史源流分析及其标准体系构建
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摘要
通过整理山药发展的历史源流,了解山药在产地、炮制及临床应用方面的发展历程,初步探讨山药标准体系的构建。在分析过程中,以"山药"、"历史源流"及"标准体系"为关键词,在中国知网、万方等数据库中检索与山药及中药标准化建设内容相关的文献,并查阅《本草纲目》,《名医别录》,《中国药典》(2015年版),《中国植物志》等书籍,结合实际情况进行分析,归纳并总结山药发展的历史沿革,对山药的产地、炮制及临床应用方面进行历史溯源。山药产地的演变经历了从分散到集中于河南怀庆区域的过程,炮制工艺也经历了较大的演变,如今的炮制加工技术也在进行革新,鉴于山药在临床及日常保健方面的应用也较广泛,但目前仍没有比较统一的种植生产等标准体系,因此结合当今对中药发展的需求,试初步探讨山药标准体系的构建,主要包括种植类标准体系、生产加工类标准体系、贮藏养护类标准体系及产品质量标准体系等内容,旨在促进山药标准化的建设,加速中药产业健康发展。
To understand the development process of Dioscoreae Rhizoma in origin,processing and clinical application by sorting out the historical origin in the development of Dioscoreae Rhizoma,and preliminarily discuss the construction of the standard system of Chinese yam(Dioscoreae Rhizoma).During the analytic process,with ‘Dioscoreae Rhizoma(yam) ',‘historical origin 'and ‘standard system 'as the key words,the related literature on yam and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) standardization was searched in CNKI,Wanfang and other databases.In addition,Compendium of Materia Medica,Miscellaneous Records of Famous Physicians,Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China(2015 edition),Flora of China and other books were accessed to summarize the history of the development of yam and trace the origin,processing and clinical application of Chinese yam.According to the actual situation,the evolution of the origin of Chinese yam has experienced a process from dispersing to concentrating in Huaiqing,Henan,and the processing technology has also undergone great evolution.Now the processing and processing technology are also being innovated.In view of the wide application of yam in clinical and daily health care,but there is still no unified planting and production standard system,the construction of the standard system of yam is to be preliminarily explored based on the current needs of the development of TCM,mainly including the planting standard system,production and processing standard system,storage and maintenance standard system,product quality standards and other standards,aimed at promoting the standardization of yam construction,and accelerating the healthy development of Chinese medicine industry.
To understand the development process of Dioscoreae Rhizoma in origin,processing and clinical application by sorting out the historical origin in the development of Dioscoreae Rhizoma,and preliminarily discuss the construction of the standard system of Chinese yam(Dioscoreae Rhizoma).During the analytic process,with ‘Dioscoreae Rhizoma(yam) ',‘historical origin 'and ‘standard system 'as the key words,the related literature on yam and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) standardization was searched in CNKI,Wanfang and other databases.In addition,Compendium of Materia Medica,Miscellaneous Records of Famous Physicians,Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China(2015 edition),Flora of China and other books were accessed to summarize the history of the development of yam and trace the origin,processing and clinical application of Chinese yam.According to the actual situation,the evolution of the origin of Chinese yam has experienced a process from dispersing to concentrating in Huaiqing,Henan,and the processing technology has also undergone great evolution.Now the processing and processing technology are also being innovated.In view of the wide application of yam in clinical and daily health care,but there is still no unified planting and production standard system,the construction of the standard system of yam is to be preliminarily explored based on the current needs of the development of TCM,mainly including the planting standard system,production and processing standard system,storage and maintenance standard system,product quality standards and other standards,aimed at promoting the standardization of yam construction,and accelerating the healthy development of Chinese medicine industry.
引文
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[2]魏·吴普.神农本草经[M].孙星衍,孙冯冀,辑.北京:人民卫生出版社,1986:26.
[3]吴普.吴普本草[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1987:18.
[4]陶弘景.本草经集注[M].辑校本.北京:人民卫生出版社,1994:203.
[5]苏敬.新修本草[M].辑复本.合肥:安徽科学技术出版社,1981:158.
[6]苏颂.图经本草[M].辑复本.福州:福建科学技术出版社,1993:146.
[7]朱橚.救荒本草.卷下.菜部[M].影印本.北京:中华书局,1959.
[8]焦作地方史.怀庆府志[M].河南:中州古籍出版社,2013.
[9]陈嘉谟.本草蒙筌[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1988:50.
[10]李中立.本草原始.卷一[M].影印本.北京:中医古籍出版社,1999.
[11]吴其濬.植物名实图考[M].上海:商务印书馆,1957:57.
[12]陈仁山.药物出产辨[M].台北:新医药出版社,1930:41.
[13]中国科学院《中国植物志》编委会.中国植物志.第16卷.第1分册[M].北京:科学出版社,1985:54-120.
[14]咎殷.食医心鉴[M].上海:上海三联书店,1990.
[15]孟诜.食疗本草[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1984.
[16]唐慎微.证类本草[M].北京:华夏出版社,1993.
[17]李时珍.本草纲目.第三册[M].校点本.北京:人民卫生出版社,1979.
[18]黄宫绣.本草求真[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,2013.
[19]国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典.一部[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2015:28-29.
[20]陶弘景.名医别录[M].尚志军,辑校.北京:中国中医药出版社,2013.
[21]严用和.圣济总录[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2012.
[22]宋·赵佶.圣济总录[M].郑金生,校.北京:人民卫生出版社,2013.
[23]宋·太平惠民和剂局.太平惠民和剂局方[M].刘景源,辑.北京:人民卫生出版社,2007.
[24]危亦林.世医得效方[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2011.
[25]罗天益.卫生宝鉴[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2011.
[26]许国祯.御院药方[M].北京:中医古籍出版社,2015.
[27]贾所学.药品化义[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,2013.
[28]周滢,周萍.山药在各历史时期临床运用的研究[J].世界科学技术—中医药现代化,2014,16(7):1574-1577.
[29]张锡纯.医学衷中参西录[M].保定:河北人民出版社,1957.
[30]朱自成.张锡纯对《本草纲目》药物运用的发展举要[J].时珍国医国药,2005,16(1):78-79.
[31]杨旭.道地药材四大怀药历史及发展前景[C]∥北京中医药学会.北京中医药学会2013年学术年会论文汇编.北京,2013:5.
[32]LI M,LI J,LIU W,et al.A protocol for in vitro production of microtubers in Chinese yam(Dioscorea opposita)[J].Biosci Biotech Biochem,2014,78(6):1005-1009.
[33]王天亮,白自伟,张宝华,等.怀山药规范化生产标准操作规程(试行)[J].中药研究与信息,2005,7(3):29-32.
[34]赵荣艳.山药种植技术[J].河北农业,2013(2):11-13.