基于自适应滤波的钻井液连续压力波信号噪声抑制
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摘要
根据钻井液连续压力波信号频带传输特性及自适应滤波器数学原理,针对钻井液连续压力波信号的宽带特征,基于钻井液压力相移键控(PSK)信号数学模型,以最小均方误差(LMS)为评价标准构建自适应滤波器算法,从理论上研究了采用自适应滤波方法实现钻井液连续压力波信号噪声消除及信号重构的可行性。建立了以载波信号作为输入及含噪声井下信号为期望输入的适于宽带信号处理的自适应滤波器结构及数学模型,在自适应控制算法作用下,通过自适应地调整滤波器权系数,以载波延迟采样值的加权线性叠加来逼近井下连续压力波信号;通过建立滤波器权系数的自适应控制算法,分析了滤波器的自适应步长因子对重构信号信噪比及失真度的影响。数值计算及仿真结果表明,基于该数学模型的自适应滤波器可以有效消除进入信号频带的各种随机噪声并实现钻井液压力相移键控信号的重构,通过合理选择自适应步长因子可以降低重构信号的波形失真度,获得较高质量的重构信号。
According to the frequency band transmission characteristics of continuous pressure wave signals(CPWS) in drilling fluid and the mathematical principle of self-adaptive filter(SAF),a SAF algorithm is established with the evaluation criterion of least mean square error to theoretically assess the feasibility of applying the SAF method for noise suppression and signal reconstruction of CPWS in drilling fluid by considering the broadband characteristic of CPWS based on the mathematical model of pressure phase shift keying(PSK) signals.SAF structure and mathematical model for processing broadband signals are built with the input signal of carrier wave and the expected input signal of downhole with noise.Under the self-adaptive control of SAF algorithm,downhole CPWS are gradually obtained by weighed linear superposition of the delay sampling values of carrier wave through self-adaptive adjustment of filter weight coefficient.The impacts of filter step-size factor on reconstructed CPWS regarding signal-noise ratio and distortion factor are analyzed by constructing the self-adaptive control algorithm of filter weight coefficient.Results of numerical calculation and simulation show that the SAF in the mathematical model efficiently suppresses random noises in signal frequency band and reconstructs pressure PSK signals in drilling fluid.Proper selection of filter step-size factor enables the reduction of signal distortion factor and thus achieves high quality reconstructed signals.
According to the frequency band transmission characteristics of continuous pressure wave signals(CPWS) in drilling fluid and the mathematical principle of self-adaptive filter(SAF),a SAF algorithm is established with the evaluation criterion of least mean square error to theoretically assess the feasibility of applying the SAF method for noise suppression and signal reconstruction of CPWS in drilling fluid by considering the broadband characteristic of CPWS based on the mathematical model of pressure phase shift keying(PSK) signals.SAF structure and mathematical model for processing broadband signals are built with the input signal of carrier wave and the expected input signal of downhole with noise.Under the self-adaptive control of SAF algorithm,downhole CPWS are gradually obtained by weighed linear superposition of the delay sampling values of carrier wave through self-adaptive adjustment of filter weight coefficient.The impacts of filter step-size factor on reconstructed CPWS regarding signal-noise ratio and distortion factor are analyzed by constructing the self-adaptive control algorithm of filter weight coefficient.Results of numerical calculation and simulation show that the SAF in the mathematical model efficiently suppresses random noises in signal frequency band and reconstructs pressure PSK signals in drilling fluid.Proper selection of filter step-size factor enables the reduction of signal distortion factor and thus achieves high quality reconstructed signals.
引文
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[8]朱冲,梁小朋.基于LMS算法的自适应语言除噪性能研究[J].桂林电子科技大学学报,2008,28(4):298-301.Zhu Chong,Liang Xiaopeng.Performance study of adaptive speech noise canceling based on LMS algorithm[J].Journal of Guilin University of Electronic Technology,2008,28(4):298-301.
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[10]耿妍,张端金.自适应滤波算法综述[J].信息与电子工程,2008,6(4):315-320.Geng Yan,Zhang Duanjin.Survey of adaptive filtering algorithms[J].Information and Electronic Engineering,2008,6(4):315-320.
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[13]Klotz C,Wasserman I,Hahn D.Highly flexible mud-pulse telemetry:a new system[R].SPE 113258,2008.
[14]谢永芳,伍宏军,邓燕妮,等.基于改进型自适应滤波器谐波电流检测方法[J].武汉理工大学学报,2008,30(7):123-126.Xie Yongfang,Wu Hongjun,Deng Yanni,et al.Harmonic detection method based on modified adaptive filter[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology,2008,30(7):123-126.
[15]梅蓉,姚善化.自适应滤波器在噪声抵消系统中的应用[J].仪表技术,2008(8):13-15.Mei Rong,Yao Shanhua.Adaptive filter applied in adaptive noise canceller system[J].Instrumentation Technology,2008(8):13-15.
[16]Shen Yue,Su Yinao,Li Gensheng,et al.Numerical modeling of DPSK pressure signals and their transmission characteristics in mud channels[J].Petroleum Science,2009,6(3):266-270.
[17]Yue S,Yinao S,Gensheng L,et al.Transmission characteristics of DPSK mud pressure signals in a straight well[J].Petroleum Science and Technology,2011,29(12):1249-1256.
[18]沈跃,李翠,朱军,等.钻井液压力多进制相移键控信号的数值建模及特性分析[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2010,34(5):77-83.Shen Yue,Li Cui,Zhu Jun,et al.Numerical modeling and characteristics analysis of drilling fluid pressure MPSK signals[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum:Edition of Natural Science,2010,34(5):77-83.
[19]宋立业,王景胜,彭继慎.自适应滤波器的算法研究及DSP仿真实现[J].现代电子技术,2009,32(5):112-114.Song Liye,Wang Jingsheng,Peng Jishen.Algorithm research of adaptive filter and DSP simulation realization[J].Modern Electronics Technique,2009,32(5)..112-114.
[20]沈跃,苏义脑,李林,等.钻井液连续压力波差分相移键控信号的传输特性分析[J].石油学报,2009,30(4):593-597.Shen Yue,Su Yinao,Li Lin,et al.Analysis on transmission charaeteristics of differential phase shift keying signal of continuous pressure wave in drilling fluid channel[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(4):593-597
[21]沈跃,朱军,苏义脑,等.钻井液压力正交相移键控信号沿定向井筒的传输特性[J].石油学报,2011,32(2):340-345.Shen Yue,Zhu Jun,Su Yinao,et al.Transmission characteristics of the drilling fluid pressure quadrature phase shift keying signal along a directional wellbore[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(2):340-345.
[2]Monroe S P.Applying digital data-encoding techniques to mud pulse telemetry[R].SPE 20326,1990.
[3]沈跃,崔诗利,张令坦,等.钻井液连续压力波信号的延迟差动检测及信号重构口].石油学报,2013,34(2):353-358.Shen Yue,Cui Shili,Zhang Lingtan,et al.Delay differential detection and signal reconstruction of continuous pressure-wave signals of drilling fluid[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(2):353-358.
[4]Hutin R,Tennet R W,Kashikar S V.New mud pulse telemetry techniques for deepwater applications and improved real-time data capabilities[R].SPE 67762,2001.
[5]Marsh J L,Fraser E C,Holt Jr.A L.Measurement-while-drilling mud pulse detection process:an investigation of matched filter responses to simulated and real mud pressure pulses[R].SPE17787,1988.
[6]Brandon T L,Mintchev M P,Tabler H.Adaptive compensation of the mud pump noise in a measurement-while-drilling system[R].SPE 56852,1999.
[7]贺宽,黄涛.基于Matlab的自适应滤波器设计[J].武汉理工大学学报,2008,30(1):70-72.He Kuan,Huang Tao.Adaptive filter design based on Matlab[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology,2008,30(1):70-72.
[8]朱冲,梁小朋.基于LMS算法的自适应语言除噪性能研究[J].桂林电子科技大学学报,2008,28(4):298-301.Zhu Chong,Liang Xiaopeng.Performance study of adaptive speech noise canceling based on LMS algorithm[J].Journal of Guilin University of Electronic Technology,2008,28(4):298-301.
[9]叶水生,余荣贵,吴霄,等.一种新的自适应最小均方算法及其应用研究[J].电测与仪表,2008,45(7):19-22.Ye Suisheng,Yu Ronggui,Wu Xiao,et al.The research and application of a new adaptive LMS[J].Electrical Measurement&Instrumentation,2008,45(7):19-22.
[10]耿妍,张端金.自适应滤波算法综述[J].信息与电子工程,2008,6(4):315-320.Geng Yan,Zhang Duanjin.Survey of adaptive filtering algorithms[J].Information and Electronic Engineering,2008,6(4):315-320.
[11]Moriarty K A.Pressure pulse generator for measurement-whiledrilling systems which produces high signal strength and exhibits high resistance to jamming.U.S.6219301[P].2001-4-17.
[12]Malone D.Sinusoidal pressure pulse generator for measurement while drilling tools.U.S.4847815[P].1989-7-11.
[13]Klotz C,Wasserman I,Hahn D.Highly flexible mud-pulse telemetry:a new system[R].SPE 113258,2008.
[14]谢永芳,伍宏军,邓燕妮,等.基于改进型自适应滤波器谐波电流检测方法[J].武汉理工大学学报,2008,30(7):123-126.Xie Yongfang,Wu Hongjun,Deng Yanni,et al.Harmonic detection method based on modified adaptive filter[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology,2008,30(7):123-126.
[15]梅蓉,姚善化.自适应滤波器在噪声抵消系统中的应用[J].仪表技术,2008(8):13-15.Mei Rong,Yao Shanhua.Adaptive filter applied in adaptive noise canceller system[J].Instrumentation Technology,2008(8):13-15.
[16]Shen Yue,Su Yinao,Li Gensheng,et al.Numerical modeling of DPSK pressure signals and their transmission characteristics in mud channels[J].Petroleum Science,2009,6(3):266-270.
[17]Yue S,Yinao S,Gensheng L,et al.Transmission characteristics of DPSK mud pressure signals in a straight well[J].Petroleum Science and Technology,2011,29(12):1249-1256.
[18]沈跃,李翠,朱军,等.钻井液压力多进制相移键控信号的数值建模及特性分析[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2010,34(5):77-83.Shen Yue,Li Cui,Zhu Jun,et al.Numerical modeling and characteristics analysis of drilling fluid pressure MPSK signals[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum:Edition of Natural Science,2010,34(5):77-83.
[19]宋立业,王景胜,彭继慎.自适应滤波器的算法研究及DSP仿真实现[J].现代电子技术,2009,32(5):112-114.Song Liye,Wang Jingsheng,Peng Jishen.Algorithm research of adaptive filter and DSP simulation realization[J].Modern Electronics Technique,2009,32(5)..112-114.
[20]沈跃,苏义脑,李林,等.钻井液连续压力波差分相移键控信号的传输特性分析[J].石油学报,2009,30(4):593-597.Shen Yue,Su Yinao,Li Lin,et al.Analysis on transmission charaeteristics of differential phase shift keying signal of continuous pressure wave in drilling fluid channel[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(4):593-597
[21]沈跃,朱军,苏义脑,等.钻井液压力正交相移键控信号沿定向井筒的传输特性[J].石油学报,2011,32(2):340-345.Shen Yue,Zhu Jun,Su Yinao,et al.Transmission characteristics of the drilling fluid pressure quadrature phase shift keying signal along a directional wellbore[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(2):340-345.