海水干湿循环作用下天然橡胶支座橡胶材料性能劣化试验
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摘要
考虑到近海桥梁极易遭受晴雨交替变化天气、高湿高温及海风海浪交替作用等产生的海水干湿循环作用,针对天然橡胶隔震支座所使用的橡胶材料开展了同时同步的试验研究。重点探讨橡胶材料各项力学性能随海水干湿循环作用时间的变化规律。结果表明:海水干湿循环作用对橡胶材料的力学性能影响较大。经过了长达60 d海水干湿循环试验后,橡胶材料的硬度和定伸应力均呈现增大的趋势,前者增大了约22%,后者增大了58.2%～118%,且大变形情况下的增长幅度更大;拉伸强度及扯断伸长率均呈降低趋势,分别降低了65.7%,51.53%,可能对橡胶支座的拉伸性能和极限剪切性能产生不利影响。以上研究成果可为橡胶材料的本构关系变化规律、橡胶隔震支座性能劣化规律研究,以及隔震结构全寿命性能评估和设计打下坚实的基础。
Considering that offshore bridges are highly vulnerable to seawater wet-dry cycles caused by the weather of sunny or rainy, high humidity, high temperature, sea breeze et al., seawater wet-dry cycles tests were carried out on a natural rubber bearing and its rubber material for 60 days to investigate the mechanical properties deterioration of rubber material with the test time. The results show: the seawater wet-dry cycles have a greater influence on the mechanical property of rubber material. After testing for 60 days, the hardness of rubber material increases by about 22%, the strain stress under given elongation increases from 58.2%—118% and the rate of increase is even greater in large deformation. The tensile strength and elongation at break reduce by 65.7% and 51.53% respectively, which may affect the tensile property and ultimate shear property of the rubber bearing. The study can lay a solid foundation for the research on the variation of the constitutive relationship for rubber material, the performance deterioration of rubber bearings, the evaluation of life cycle performance and the design of isolation projects.
Considering that offshore bridges are highly vulnerable to seawater wet-dry cycles caused by the weather of sunny or rainy, high humidity, high temperature, sea breeze et al., seawater wet-dry cycles tests were carried out on a natural rubber bearing and its rubber material for 60 days to investigate the mechanical properties deterioration of rubber material with the test time. The results show: the seawater wet-dry cycles have a greater influence on the mechanical property of rubber material. After testing for 60 days, the hardness of rubber material increases by about 22%, the strain stress under given elongation increases from 58.2%—118% and the rate of increase is even greater in large deformation. The tensile strength and elongation at break reduce by 65.7% and 51.53% respectively, which may affect the tensile property and ultimate shear property of the rubber bearing. The study can lay a solid foundation for the research on the variation of the constitutive relationship for rubber material, the performance deterioration of rubber bearings, the evaluation of life cycle performance and the design of isolation projects.
引文
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[17]王琴,杨鼎宜.干湿循环对混凝土硫酸盐侵蚀的影响[J].混凝土,2008(3):22-24.WANG Qin,YANG Dingyi.Influence of the dry-wet circulation on the concrete sulfate attack[J].Concrete,2008(3):22-24.
[18]张峰,刘小燕,李术才.海水侵蚀后混凝土三轴强度准则研究[J].工程力学,2010,27(9):209-215.ZHANG Feng,LIU Xiaoyan,LI Shucai.Research about triaxial strength criterion of concrete under sea water erosion environment[J].Engineering Mechanics,2010,27(9):209-215.
[19]MOHR B J,BIERNACKI J J,KURTIS K E.Microstructural and chemical effects of wet-dry cycling on pulp fiber cement composites[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2006,36(7):1240-1251.
[20]HONG K,HOOTON R D.Effects of cyclic chloride exposure on penetration of concrete cover[J].Cement and Concrete Research,1999,29:1379-1386.
[21]MANGAT P S,GURUSAMY K.Long term properties under marine exposure of fibre reinforced concrete containing PFA[J].Materials and Structures,1988,21(5):352-358.
[22]GENT A N.Engineering with rubber how to design component[M].2nd ed.[S.l.]:Hanser Gardner Publications,2001.
[23]弗雷克利P K,佩恩.橡胶在工程中应用的理论与实践[M].杜承泽等,译.北京:化学工业出版社,1985.
[2]HAMED G R.Engineering with rubber materials and compounds[M].Munich:Hanser Publishers,1992.
[3]SHELTON J R.Review of basic oxidation processes in elastomers[J].Rubber Chemistry and Technology,1972,45:359.
[4]WOO C S,CHOI B I,PARK H S,et al.Reliability evaluation of rubber mount for elevator cabin[J].KGK-Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe,2009,62(7/8):392-395.
[5]GU H S,ITOH Y.Ageing behaviour of natural rubber and high damping rubber material used in bridge rubber bearings[J].Advances in Structural Engineering,2010,13(6):1105-1113.
[6]ABMALEK K,STEVENSON A.The effect of 42 year immersion in sea-water on natural rubber[J].Journal of Materials Science,1986(21):147-154.
[7]MOTT P H,ROLAND C M.Aging of natural rubber in air and seawater[J].Rubber Chemistry and Technology,2001,74(1):79-88.
[8]余超,文庆珍,朱金华,等.特种氯丁橡胶在热空气及热海水中的老化与使用寿命预测[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2011,74(4):37-39.YU Chao,WEN Qingzhen,ZHU Jinhua,et al.Aging in sea water and in hot air and service life prediction of neoprene[J].Polymer Materials Science and Engineering,2011,74(4):37-39.
[9]游海军.模拟海洋环境下丁晴橡胶性能演变及寿命预测研究[D].青岛:青岛科技大学,2016.
[10]马玉宏,赵桂峰,罗佳润,等.老化及海蚀作用下近海桥梁隔震支座橡胶材料性能劣化试验[J].振动与冲击,2016,35(16):114-129.MA Yuhong,ZHAO Guifeng,LUO Jiarun,et al.Experimental research on property deterioration of rubber material used as natural rubber isolator for offshore bridges under aging and marine corrosion[J].Journalof Vibration and Shock,2016,35(16):114-129.
[11]赵建峰,余超,魏徵.基于拉伸强度的特种氯丁橡胶使用寿命预测[J].弹性体,2013,23(5):15-18.ZHAO Jianfeng,YU Chao,WEI Zheng.Service life prediction for the neoprene base on tensile strength[J].China Elastomerics,2013,23(5):15-18.
[12]曹婷婷.橡胶疲劳寿命的有限元分析研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2014.
[13]ITOH Y,YAZAWA A,KITAGAWA T,et al.Study on environmental durability of rubber bearing for bridges[J].International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering,2002,86(11):137-143.
[14]刘建勋,黄友剑,刘柏兵,等.一种橡胶弹性元件疲劳寿命预测方法的研究[J].电力机车与城轨车辆,2011,34(3):12-15.LIU Jianxun,HUANG Youjian,LIU Baibing,et al.Research on fatigue life prediction method of rubber components[J].Electric Locomotires&Mass Transit Vehicles,2011,34(3):12-15.
[15]李昂.橡胶的老化试验及老化变质程度的测定[J].橡胶参考资料,2009,39(4):2-28.LI Ang.Aging test of rubber and determination of aging metamorphism degree[J].Rubber Reference,2009,39(4):2-28.
[16]张亚梅,陈胜霞,高岳毅.浸-烘循环作用下橡胶水泥混凝土的性能研究[J].建筑材料学报,2005,8(6):665-671.LI Yamei,CHEN Shengxia,GAO Yueyi.Study on properties of rubber included cement concrete under wet dry cycling[J].Journal of Building Materials,2005,8(6):665-671.
[17]王琴,杨鼎宜.干湿循环对混凝土硫酸盐侵蚀的影响[J].混凝土,2008(3):22-24.WANG Qin,YANG Dingyi.Influence of the dry-wet circulation on the concrete sulfate attack[J].Concrete,2008(3):22-24.
[18]张峰,刘小燕,李术才.海水侵蚀后混凝土三轴强度准则研究[J].工程力学,2010,27(9):209-215.ZHANG Feng,LIU Xiaoyan,LI Shucai.Research about triaxial strength criterion of concrete under sea water erosion environment[J].Engineering Mechanics,2010,27(9):209-215.
[19]MOHR B J,BIERNACKI J J,KURTIS K E.Microstructural and chemical effects of wet-dry cycling on pulp fiber cement composites[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2006,36(7):1240-1251.
[20]HONG K,HOOTON R D.Effects of cyclic chloride exposure on penetration of concrete cover[J].Cement and Concrete Research,1999,29:1379-1386.
[21]MANGAT P S,GURUSAMY K.Long term properties under marine exposure of fibre reinforced concrete containing PFA[J].Materials and Structures,1988,21(5):352-358.
[22]GENT A N.Engineering with rubber how to design component[M].2nd ed.[S.l.]:Hanser Gardner Publications,2001.
[23]弗雷克利P K,佩恩.橡胶在工程中应用的理论与实践[M].杜承泽等,译.北京:化学工业出版社,1985.