亚麻籽打磨脱胶-榨油联合加工工艺
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摘要
为实现亚麻籽综合加工利用,以产自甘肃粗脂肪质量份数39.3%±0.25%的亚麻籽为研究对象,研究亚麻籽打磨脱胶提取亚麻籽胶粉,然后压榨制取亚麻籽油的联合加工工艺。利用自主研发的150型亚麻籽脱胶机,进行亚麻籽打磨脱胶试验,结果表明,该亚麻籽脱胶机稳定运行流量为40~220 kg/h,满负荷运行流量为220 kg/h,亚麻籽胶粉提取率为6.5%±0.3%,胶粉经脱脂后黏度为(5100±520)mPa·s,脱胶亚麻籽粗脂肪质量分数为41.62%±0.22%。脱胶亚麻籽榨油试验表明,采用兑饼压榨可实现脱胶亚麻籽稳定榨油,兑饼30%一次压榨饼粗脂肪质量分数为5.93%±0.13%,显著低于亚麻籽一次压榨饼和二次压榨饼的13.55%±0.18%(P<0.05)和8.11%±0.15%(P<0.05),亚麻籽脱胶后压榨出油率34.65%±0.43%,显著高于亚麻籽经2次压榨出油率之和33.94%±0.42%(P<0.05)。通过对压榨亚麻籽油酸价、过氧化物值、不皂化物、天然维生素E、植物甾醇指标检测对比,采用打磨的方法进行亚麻籽脱胶不会引起压榨油品质劣变。该文研究结果可为亚麻籽打磨脱胶-榨油加工提供参考。
In the present,oil pressing is still the main process for extracting oil from flaxseed in China,but it cannot achieve efficient utilization of functional materials in flaxseed,such as flaxseed gum and lignin secoisolariciresinol diglycoside(SDG).So a comprehensive process that produces multiple products from flaxseed needs to be developed.On the basis of the structural characteristics that the flaxseed gum is in the outermost layer of flaxseeds,the grinding degumming technology using high-speed rotating sand roller grind flaxseed surface is stuthed before in our laboratory.Model 150 flaxseed degumming machine was designed and manufactured according to this technology,it is composes of motor,sand roller,sieve,gum powder collector etc.Electronic motor is used in the machine to drive the sand roller with high-speed rotation inner the sieve to grind flaxseed,the gum powder flow out the sieve and is collected,the sand roller length and diameter is 800 and 146 mm,the cylindrical sieve diameter is 158 mm with uniform distribution of Φ1.5 mm sieve size.In this paper,the feasibility of Model 150 flaxseed degumming machine was stuthed.Based on that,the research work of flaxseed degumming and oil pressing co-process was carried out with the commodity flaxseed from Gansu as the research material.The results showed that:the machine was able to obtain flaxseed gum-powder successfully when flaxseed flow rate was controlled at 40 to 220 kg/h.The rate of gum-powder grinded from flaxseed was 6.5%±0.3%.The viscosity of the defatted gum-powder was(5100 ± 520) mPa·s.The oil contents of flaxseed and the degummed flaxseed were 39.30%±0.25%and 41.62%±0.22%,respectively.By using the method of adding 30%flaxseed cake to degummed flaxseed,the oil of degummed flaxseed can be screw pressed successfully.The oil yield pressed from degummed flaxseed was 34.65%±0.43%,higher than that pressed twice from flaxseed(33.94%±0.43%)when the flaxseed was pressed with the screw pressing machine without degumming.By the combination of degumming and screw-pressing for flaxseed processing,two benefits were achieved,they were:increase number of products and high pressed oil yield.The research results can provide reference for flaxseed processing.
In the present,oil pressing is still the main process for extracting oil from flaxseed in China,but it cannot achieve efficient utilization of functional materials in flaxseed,such as flaxseed gum and lignin secoisolariciresinol diglycoside(SDG).So a comprehensive process that produces multiple products from flaxseed needs to be developed.On the basis of the structural characteristics that the flaxseed gum is in the outermost layer of flaxseeds,the grinding degumming technology using high-speed rotating sand roller grind flaxseed surface is stuthed before in our laboratory.Model 150 flaxseed degumming machine was designed and manufactured according to this technology,it is composes of motor,sand roller,sieve,gum powder collector etc.Electronic motor is used in the machine to drive the sand roller with high-speed rotation inner the sieve to grind flaxseed,the gum powder flow out the sieve and is collected,the sand roller length and diameter is 800 and 146 mm,the cylindrical sieve diameter is 158 mm with uniform distribution of Φ1.5 mm sieve size.In this paper,the feasibility of Model 150 flaxseed degumming machine was stuthed.Based on that,the research work of flaxseed degumming and oil pressing co-process was carried out with the commodity flaxseed from Gansu as the research material.The results showed that:the machine was able to obtain flaxseed gum-powder successfully when flaxseed flow rate was controlled at 40 to 220 kg/h.The rate of gum-powder grinded from flaxseed was 6.5%±0.3%.The viscosity of the defatted gum-powder was(5100 ± 520) mPa·s.The oil contents of flaxseed and the degummed flaxseed were 39.30%±0.25%and 41.62%±0.22%,respectively.By using the method of adding 30%flaxseed cake to degummed flaxseed,the oil of degummed flaxseed can be screw pressed successfully.The oil yield pressed from degummed flaxseed was 34.65%±0.43%,higher than that pressed twice from flaxseed(33.94%±0.43%)when the flaxseed was pressed with the screw pressing machine without degumming.By the combination of degumming and screw-pressing for flaxseed processing,two benefits were achieved,they were:increase number of products and high pressed oil yield.The research results can provide reference for flaxseed processing.
引文
[1]Oomah B D,Mazza G.Flaxseed Products for Disease Prevention in Functional Foods Biochemical and Processing Aspects[M].Lancaster,PA,Technomic Publishing,1998:91-138.
[2]Oomah B D.Flaxseed as a functional food source[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2001,81(9):889-894.
[3]赵利,党占海,李毅,等.亚麻籽的保健功能和开发利用[J].中国油脂,2006,31(3):71-74.Zhao Li,Dang Zhanhai,Li Yi,et al.Health function,exploitation and utilization of flaxseed[J].China Oils and Fats,2006,31(3):71-74.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]林凤英,林志光,邱国亮,等.亚麻籽的功能成分及应用研究进展[J].食品工业,2014,35(2):221-223.Lin Fengying,Lin Zhiguang,Qiu Guoliang,et all.Progress and application research in functional components of flaxseed[J].Food Science,2014,35(2):221-223.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]周瑞宝.特种植物油料加工工艺[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2010:370-390.
[6]邓乾春,禹晓,黄庆德,等.亚麻籽油的营养特性研究进展[J].天然产物研究与开发,2010,22(4):715-721.Deng Qianchun,Yu Xiao,Huang Qingde,et al.Research progress on nutritional characteristics of linseed oil[J].Natural Product Research and Development,2010,22(4):715-721.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]Stephen C Cunnane,Sujata Ganguli,Chantale R Menard,et al.High a-linolenic acid flaxseed(Linum usitatissimwn):Some nutritional properties in humans[J].British Journal of Nutrition,1993,69(2):443-453.
[8]Thomas F X Collins,Robert L Sprando,Thomas N Black,et al.Effects of flaxseed and defatted flaxseed meal on reproduction and development in rats[J].Food and Chemical Toxicology,2003,41(6):819-834.
[9]黄庆德,刘烈刚,郭萍梅,等.亚麻籽油降脂作用的实验研究[J].食品科学,2004,25(3):162-165.Huang Qingde,Liu Liegang,Guo Pingmei,et al.Study on the reducing blood lipids of flaxseed oil[J].Food Science,2004,25(3):162-165.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]邓乾春,黄凤洪,黄庆德,等.亚麻籽油软胶囊缓解视疲劳作用[J].食品研究与开发,201 1,32(1):118-122.Deng Qianchun,Huang Fenghong,Huang Qingde,et al.Alleviating eye fatigue evaluation of flaxseed oil soft capsule[J].Food Research and Development,2011,32(1):118-122.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]崔宝玉,刘玉,阙侃,等.亚麻木酚素提取与纯化的研究进展[J].食品研究与开发,2010,31(7):181-184.Cui Baoyu,Liu Yu,Kan Kan,et al.Progress on extraction and separation of flax lignans[J].Food Research and Development,2010,31(7):181-184.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]张进丽.亚麻木酚素(SDG)治疗中老年女性骨质疏松症的临床研究[J].中国现代医学杂志,2013,31(23):64-66.Zhang Jinli.Clinical study of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside(SDG)in treatment of osteoporosis in middle-aged and oil women[J].China Journal of Modern Medicine,2013,31(23):64-66.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]张文斌,王璋,杨瑞金,等.开环异落叶松树脂酚对乳腺癌MCF-7细胞增殖的影响[J].营养学报,2008,30(5):495-498.Zhang Wenbin,Wang Zhang,Yang Ruijin,et al.Effects of secoisolariciresinol on proliferation of breast cancer MCF-7cells[J].Acta Nutrimenta Sinica,2008,30(5):495-498.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]张娜娜,师磊,马敏,等.不同剂量SDG对去卵巢大鼠血脂水平及抗氧化能力的影响[J],现代预防医学,2013,40(21):3938-3940,3943.Zhang Nana,Shi Lei,Ma Min,et al.The protective effect of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside on serum lipid and antioxidant ability of ovariectomized rats[J].Modem Preventive Medicine,2013,40(21):3938-3940,3943.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]Kailash Prasad.Hydroxyl radical-scavenging property of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside(SDG)isolated from flax-seed[J].Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry,1997,168(1/2):117-123.
[16]Kitts D D,Yuan Y V,Wijewickreme A N,et al.Antioxidant activity of the flaxseed lignin secoisolariciresinol diglycoside and its mammalian lignan metabolites enterodiol and enterolactone[J].Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry,1999,202(1/2):91-100.
[17]Meri Vanharanta,Bsca,Sari Voutilainen,et al.Risk of acute coronary heart events according to serum concentrations of enterolactone:Aprospective population-based Case-control study[J].The Lancet,1999,354(9196):2112-2115.
[18]Thompson L U,Rickard S E,Orcheson L J,et al.Flaxseed and its lignan and oil components reduce mammary tumor growth at a late stage of carcinogenesis[J].Carcinogenesis,1996,17(6):1373-1376.
[19]Bhathena S J,Ali A A,Haudenschild C,et al.Dietary flaxseed meal is more protective than soy protein concentrate against hypertriglyceridemia and steatosis of the liver in an Animal Model of Obesity[J].Journal of the American College of Nutrition,2003,22(2):157-164.
[20]N Lee Pengilly.The Essential Flax:A Compendium of Diet Reference Information,Facts,Folklore,Recipes and Research[M].Canada,Saskflax,2005.
[21]Linda Braun.Everything Flax:More than 100 Easy Ways to Work Flax into Your Everyday Diet[M].Canada,Whitecap,2009.
[22]张泽生,张兰,徐慧,等.亚麻粕中亚麻胶提取与纯化[J].食品研究与开发,2010,31(9):34-37.Zhang Zesheng,Zhang Lan,Xu Hui,et al.Study on extraction and purification of flaxseed gum from flaxseed flake[J].Food Research and Development,2010,31(9):34-37.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]梁霞,李群,许光映.亚麻胶浸提工艺研究[J].食品工程,2011(6):11-13.Liang Xia,Li Qun,Xu Guangying.Study on extraction technique of flaxseed gum[J].Food Engineering,2011(6):11-13.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]王琴声,孙晓冬,史峰山,等.亚麻籽胶生产工艺:中国,001335154[P].2001-10-31.
[25]孙晓冬,史峰山,杜平,等.亚麻籽胶在面制品中的应用[J].中国食品添加剂,2003(3):64-65.Sun Xiaodong,Shi Fengshan,Du Ping,et al.The application of linseed gum in noodle[J].China Food Additives,2003(3):64-65,97.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[26]陈海华,许时婴,王璋,等.亚麻籽胶对面团流变性质的影响及其在面条加工中的应用[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(4):166-169.Chen Haihua,Xu Shiying,Wang Zhang,et al.Effect of flaxseed gum on the rheology of dough and its application to noodle processing[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2006,22(4):166-169.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[27]李向东,吕加平,夏志春,等.亚麻籽胶在搅拌型酸奶加工中的应用研究[J].技术研究,2008,29(12):331-335.Li Xiangdong,Lu Jiaping,Xia Zhichun,et al.Application of flaxseed gum in stirred yoghurt production[J].Food Science,2008,29(12):331-335.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[28]李群,梁霞,胡晓军.亚麻籽脱皮及分离技术研究[J].中国油脂,2006,31(10):35-36.Li Qun,Liang Xia,Hu Xiaojun.Dehulling of flaxseed and separation of hull and kernel[J].China Oils and Fats,2006,31(10):35-36.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[29]崔武卫,韩南丰.亚麻籽成份分离方法:中国专利,02825044[P].2007-04.04.
[30]杨金娥,黄庆德,黄风洪,等.打磨法提取亚麻籽胶粉的工艺[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(13):270-276.Yang Jin'e,Huang Qingde,Huang Fenghong,et al.Preliminary study on flaxseed gum powder production method by abrasion[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2013,29(13):270-276.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[31]黄庆德,杨金娥,黄凤洪,等.亚麻籽脱胶机:中国,2012201923119[P].2012-12-05.
[2]Oomah B D.Flaxseed as a functional food source[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2001,81(9):889-894.
[3]赵利,党占海,李毅,等.亚麻籽的保健功能和开发利用[J].中国油脂,2006,31(3):71-74.Zhao Li,Dang Zhanhai,Li Yi,et al.Health function,exploitation and utilization of flaxseed[J].China Oils and Fats,2006,31(3):71-74.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]林凤英,林志光,邱国亮,等.亚麻籽的功能成分及应用研究进展[J].食品工业,2014,35(2):221-223.Lin Fengying,Lin Zhiguang,Qiu Guoliang,et all.Progress and application research in functional components of flaxseed[J].Food Science,2014,35(2):221-223.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]周瑞宝.特种植物油料加工工艺[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2010:370-390.
[6]邓乾春,禹晓,黄庆德,等.亚麻籽油的营养特性研究进展[J].天然产物研究与开发,2010,22(4):715-721.Deng Qianchun,Yu Xiao,Huang Qingde,et al.Research progress on nutritional characteristics of linseed oil[J].Natural Product Research and Development,2010,22(4):715-721.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]Stephen C Cunnane,Sujata Ganguli,Chantale R Menard,et al.High a-linolenic acid flaxseed(Linum usitatissimwn):Some nutritional properties in humans[J].British Journal of Nutrition,1993,69(2):443-453.
[8]Thomas F X Collins,Robert L Sprando,Thomas N Black,et al.Effects of flaxseed and defatted flaxseed meal on reproduction and development in rats[J].Food and Chemical Toxicology,2003,41(6):819-834.
[9]黄庆德,刘烈刚,郭萍梅,等.亚麻籽油降脂作用的实验研究[J].食品科学,2004,25(3):162-165.Huang Qingde,Liu Liegang,Guo Pingmei,et al.Study on the reducing blood lipids of flaxseed oil[J].Food Science,2004,25(3):162-165.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]邓乾春,黄凤洪,黄庆德,等.亚麻籽油软胶囊缓解视疲劳作用[J].食品研究与开发,201 1,32(1):118-122.Deng Qianchun,Huang Fenghong,Huang Qingde,et al.Alleviating eye fatigue evaluation of flaxseed oil soft capsule[J].Food Research and Development,2011,32(1):118-122.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]崔宝玉,刘玉,阙侃,等.亚麻木酚素提取与纯化的研究进展[J].食品研究与开发,2010,31(7):181-184.Cui Baoyu,Liu Yu,Kan Kan,et al.Progress on extraction and separation of flax lignans[J].Food Research and Development,2010,31(7):181-184.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]张进丽.亚麻木酚素(SDG)治疗中老年女性骨质疏松症的临床研究[J].中国现代医学杂志,2013,31(23):64-66.Zhang Jinli.Clinical study of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside(SDG)in treatment of osteoporosis in middle-aged and oil women[J].China Journal of Modern Medicine,2013,31(23):64-66.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]张文斌,王璋,杨瑞金,等.开环异落叶松树脂酚对乳腺癌MCF-7细胞增殖的影响[J].营养学报,2008,30(5):495-498.Zhang Wenbin,Wang Zhang,Yang Ruijin,et al.Effects of secoisolariciresinol on proliferation of breast cancer MCF-7cells[J].Acta Nutrimenta Sinica,2008,30(5):495-498.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]张娜娜,师磊,马敏,等.不同剂量SDG对去卵巢大鼠血脂水平及抗氧化能力的影响[J],现代预防医学,2013,40(21):3938-3940,3943.Zhang Nana,Shi Lei,Ma Min,et al.The protective effect of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside on serum lipid and antioxidant ability of ovariectomized rats[J].Modem Preventive Medicine,2013,40(21):3938-3940,3943.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]Kailash Prasad.Hydroxyl radical-scavenging property of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside(SDG)isolated from flax-seed[J].Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry,1997,168(1/2):117-123.
[16]Kitts D D,Yuan Y V,Wijewickreme A N,et al.Antioxidant activity of the flaxseed lignin secoisolariciresinol diglycoside and its mammalian lignan metabolites enterodiol and enterolactone[J].Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry,1999,202(1/2):91-100.
[17]Meri Vanharanta,Bsca,Sari Voutilainen,et al.Risk of acute coronary heart events according to serum concentrations of enterolactone:Aprospective population-based Case-control study[J].The Lancet,1999,354(9196):2112-2115.
[18]Thompson L U,Rickard S E,Orcheson L J,et al.Flaxseed and its lignan and oil components reduce mammary tumor growth at a late stage of carcinogenesis[J].Carcinogenesis,1996,17(6):1373-1376.
[19]Bhathena S J,Ali A A,Haudenschild C,et al.Dietary flaxseed meal is more protective than soy protein concentrate against hypertriglyceridemia and steatosis of the liver in an Animal Model of Obesity[J].Journal of the American College of Nutrition,2003,22(2):157-164.
[20]N Lee Pengilly.The Essential Flax:A Compendium of Diet Reference Information,Facts,Folklore,Recipes and Research[M].Canada,Saskflax,2005.
[21]Linda Braun.Everything Flax:More than 100 Easy Ways to Work Flax into Your Everyday Diet[M].Canada,Whitecap,2009.
[22]张泽生,张兰,徐慧,等.亚麻粕中亚麻胶提取与纯化[J].食品研究与开发,2010,31(9):34-37.Zhang Zesheng,Zhang Lan,Xu Hui,et al.Study on extraction and purification of flaxseed gum from flaxseed flake[J].Food Research and Development,2010,31(9):34-37.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]梁霞,李群,许光映.亚麻胶浸提工艺研究[J].食品工程,2011(6):11-13.Liang Xia,Li Qun,Xu Guangying.Study on extraction technique of flaxseed gum[J].Food Engineering,2011(6):11-13.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]王琴声,孙晓冬,史峰山,等.亚麻籽胶生产工艺:中国,001335154[P].2001-10-31.
[25]孙晓冬,史峰山,杜平,等.亚麻籽胶在面制品中的应用[J].中国食品添加剂,2003(3):64-65.Sun Xiaodong,Shi Fengshan,Du Ping,et al.The application of linseed gum in noodle[J].China Food Additives,2003(3):64-65,97.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[26]陈海华,许时婴,王璋,等.亚麻籽胶对面团流变性质的影响及其在面条加工中的应用[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(4):166-169.Chen Haihua,Xu Shiying,Wang Zhang,et al.Effect of flaxseed gum on the rheology of dough and its application to noodle processing[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2006,22(4):166-169.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[27]李向东,吕加平,夏志春,等.亚麻籽胶在搅拌型酸奶加工中的应用研究[J].技术研究,2008,29(12):331-335.Li Xiangdong,Lu Jiaping,Xia Zhichun,et al.Application of flaxseed gum in stirred yoghurt production[J].Food Science,2008,29(12):331-335.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[28]李群,梁霞,胡晓军.亚麻籽脱皮及分离技术研究[J].中国油脂,2006,31(10):35-36.Li Qun,Liang Xia,Hu Xiaojun.Dehulling of flaxseed and separation of hull and kernel[J].China Oils and Fats,2006,31(10):35-36.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[29]崔武卫,韩南丰.亚麻籽成份分离方法:中国专利,02825044[P].2007-04.04.
[30]杨金娥,黄庆德,黄风洪,等.打磨法提取亚麻籽胶粉的工艺[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(13):270-276.Yang Jin'e,Huang Qingde,Huang Fenghong,et al.Preliminary study on flaxseed gum powder production method by abrasion[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2013,29(13):270-276.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[31]黄庆德,杨金娥,黄凤洪,等.亚麻籽脱胶机:中国,2012201923119[P].2012-12-05.