喷油器中压电执行器机电耦合特性研究
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摘要
压电堆执行器由于响应性快、输出力大和耗能低等优点被应用到喷油器中。这些特性能够改善柴油机的性能,并降低排放。为进一步开发这种执行器的潜力,本研究通过试验对压电执行器的机电耦合特性进行研究。研究结果表明:在载荷为200~1 200N范围内,执行器位移和应变随载荷的增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势,且在机械载荷为800N时达到最大值。在电压为150V时,机械载荷为800N的输出位移比200N时的输出位移增加约为16%。建立基于线性压电效应和90°磁畴翻转效应的简化数学模型来对试验结果进行模拟,得出在不同的负载条件下,仿真与试验结果在较高机械载荷下显示了良好的一致性。
Due to the properties of quick response,large force generation capability and low power consumption,piezoelectric actuators are now widely used in fuel injection.These characteristics can improve the performance and reduce the emission of diesel engines.To exploit the potentiality of this kind of actuation,the electromechanical behavior of piezoelectric has been researched experimentally.The results show that in the range of 200-1 200 N,as the mechanical load increasing,the displacement and strain increases first and then decreases,and the maximum displacement is achieved near 800 N.When the voltage is 150 V,the output displacement at mechanical load of 800 Nincreases by about 16% compared with the output displacement at 200 N.A mathematical model based on the linear piezoelectric effect and 90°domain switching effect is used to model the experimental results.The simulation results show reasonable agreement with experimental results at high mechanical loads.
Due to the properties of quick response,large force generation capability and low power consumption,piezoelectric actuators are now widely used in fuel injection.These characteristics can improve the performance and reduce the emission of diesel engines.To exploit the potentiality of this kind of actuation,the electromechanical behavior of piezoelectric has been researched experimentally.The results show that in the range of 200-1 200 N,as the mechanical load increasing,the displacement and strain increases first and then decreases,and the maximum displacement is achieved near 800 N.When the voltage is 150 V,the output displacement at mechanical load of 800 Nincreases by about 16% compared with the output displacement at 200 N.A mathematical model based on the linear piezoelectric effect and 90°domain switching effect is used to model the experimental results.The simulation results show reasonable agreement with experimental results at high mechanical loads.
引文
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[2]ARDELEAN E V,COLE D G,CLARK R L.High performance“V-stack”piezoelectric actuator[J].Journal of Intelligent Material System&Structures,2004,15(15):879-889.
[3]BEMAJES J,MOLINA S,NOVELLA R,et al.Comparison of two injection systems in an HSDL diesel engine using split injection and different injector nozzle[J].International Journal of Automotive Technology,2010,11(2):139-146.
[4]KURIHARA K,KONDO M.High-strain piezoelectric ceramics and applications to actuators[J].Ceramics International,2008,34(4):695-699.
[5]MITROVIC M,CARMAN G P,et al.Durability properties of piezoelectric stack actuators under combined electromechanical loading[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2006,100(12):124111-124113.
[6]SCHANFELE A B,KARL H H.Ferroelastic properties of lead zirconate titanate ceramics[J].Journal of the American Ceramic Society,2010,79(10):2637-2640.
[7]LYNCH C S.The effect of uniaxial stress on the electro-mechanical response of 8/65/35 PLZT[J].Acta Materialia,1996,44(10):4137-4148.
[8]FANG D,LI C.Nonlinear electric-mechanical behavior of a soft PZT-51ferroelectric ceramic[J].Journal of Materials Science,1999,34(16):4001-4010.
[9]ZHANG J,SADAYUKI T,SHOKO Y,et al.Heat generation in multilayer piezoelectric actuators[J].Journal of American Ceramic Society,1996,79(12):3193-3198.
[10]SAKAI T,KAWAMOTO H.Durability properties of piezoelectric stack actuator[J].Japanese of Applied Physics,1998,37(1):5338-5341.
[11]MITROVIC M,GERMAN G P,STRAUB F K.Response of piezoelectric stack actuators under combined electro-mechanical loading[J].Internal Journal of Solids&Structures,2001,38(24):4357-4374.
[12]KORUZA J,SCHADER F,ROJAS V et al.Enhancing the operational range of piezoelectric actuators by uniaxial compressive preloading[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,2015,48(21):1-9.
[13]DITTMER R,WEBBER K G,AULBACH E,et al.Optimal working regime of lead-zirconate-titanate for actuation applications[J].Sensors&Actuators a Physical,2013,189(2):187-194.
[14]BUTCHER M,DAVINO D,MASI A et al.An experimental evaluation of the fully coupled hysteretic electromechanical behaviour of piezoelectric actuators[J].Physica B:Condensed Matter,2016,486(2):116-120.
[15]ZHANG Q M,WANG H,KIM N,et al.Direct evaluation of domain-wall and intrinsic contributions to the dielectric and piezoelectric response and their temperature dependence on lead zirconate ceramics[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1994,75(1):454-459.
[16]陈惟峰.压电喷油器中压电执行器的迟滞非线性研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2017.CHEN Weifeng.Research on the hysteretic nonlinear features of PZT actuator in direct acting fuel injector[D].Hangzhou:Zhejinag University,2017.(in Chinese)
[17]BERLINCOURT D,KRUEGER H H A.Domain processes in lead titanate zirconate and barium titanate ceramics[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1959,30(11):1804-1810.
[18]LI F X,FANG D N,SOH A K.An analytical axisymmetric model for the poling-history dependent behavior of ferroelectric ceramics[J].Smart Materials&Structures,2004,13(4):668-675.
[19]LYNCH C S,HWANG S C,MCMEEKING R M.Micromechanical theory of the nonlinear behavior of ferroelectric ceramics[J].Proceedings of SPIE,1995,2427(4):300-309.
[20]万强,陈长青,沈亚鹏.铁电陶瓷PZT53复杂力电耦合行为的试验研究[J].力学学报,2005,37(4):413-420.WAN Qiang,CHEN Changqing,SHEN Yapeng.An experimental investigation into the complex electromechanical behavior of PZT53[J].Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2005,37(4):413-420.(in Chinese)
[21]JAFFE B,COOK R W,JAFFE H.Piezoelectric ceramics[J].Mullard,1974,15(3):193-211.