架空及埋地多导体线缆对HEMP辐照的瞬态响应
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摘要
针对瞬态电磁场辐照多导体电缆问题,首先介绍了一种用于计算架空及埋地线缆瞬态响应的高效时域宏模型。该模型基于传输线理论,利用广义特征线法和SPICE求解器中集成的模拟行为建模库,在时域内实现建模过程中涉及的频率相关参数和卷积计算。该方法适用性广泛,可同时用于架空及埋地线缆的场线耦合建模仿真;与现有时域有限差分法相比,不需要对时间和空间进行离散,以及对频率相关参数进行矢量匹配或数值逆傅里叶变换,因此可简化建模步骤,提高建模及仿真计算的效率;该宏模型计算效率不受线缆长度限制,适用于研究多导体长距离线缆。其次,在时域和频域分别研究了高空电磁脉冲(HEMP)的环境及特点。最后,利用算例验证了所提宏模型计算架空及埋地线缆响应的有效性,并利用该方法分别研究了架空地线对三相输电线路瞬态响应的影响以及埋地电力电缆金属护套在端接线性及非线性保护器件时对HEMP的瞬态响应。结果表明,宏模型法可在时域内高效地计算入射场耦合架空输电线及埋地电力电缆的瞬态响应,特别是对于带有非线性器件的长多导体线缆。
This paper presents an efficient time-domain macromodeling algorithm to calculate current and voltage responses of overhead and buried lines to incident field coupling.Based on transmission line theory,the proposed macromodel adopts the analog behavioral modeling of Spice solvers and generalized Method of Characteristics(MoC)to model the frequency-dependent variables,and to calculate the convolution in time domain.This method has a wide applicability as it can both model field coupling to overhead and buried lines.Compared with the finite different time domain method,there is no need to discretize time and space,and adopt numerical inverse Fourier transform or vector fitting method to obtain transient parameters.The efficiency of the macromodel is not limited by line length,so it is valid for modeling long multiconductor lines.Furthermore,the environment and characteristics of HEMP are studied in time and frequency domain,respectively.Finally,two examples are studied to validate the proposed method for field coupling to overhead and buried lines.Using this method,effects of overhead grounding lines on transient response of three-phase power lines and buried power cables terminated with linear or nonlinear protective loads are investigated,respectively.All results show that the macromodel can efficiently calculate the transient responses of incident field coupling to overhead and buried power lines in time domain,especially for long multiconductors with nonlinear elements.
This paper presents an efficient time-domain macromodeling algorithm to calculate current and voltage responses of overhead and buried lines to incident field coupling.Based on transmission line theory,the proposed macromodel adopts the analog behavioral modeling of Spice solvers and generalized Method of Characteristics(MoC)to model the frequency-dependent variables,and to calculate the convolution in time domain.This method has a wide applicability as it can both model field coupling to overhead and buried lines.Compared with the finite different time domain method,there is no need to discretize time and space,and adopt numerical inverse Fourier transform or vector fitting method to obtain transient parameters.The efficiency of the macromodel is not limited by line length,so it is valid for modeling long multiconductor lines.Furthermore,the environment and characteristics of HEMP are studied in time and frequency domain,respectively.Finally,two examples are studied to validate the proposed method for field coupling to overhead and buried lines.Using this method,effects of overhead grounding lines on transient response of three-phase power lines and buried power cables terminated with linear or nonlinear protective loads are investigated,respectively.All results show that the macromodel can efficiently calculate the transient responses of incident field coupling to overhead and buried power lines in time domain,especially for long multiconductors with nonlinear elements.
引文
[1] Petrache E,Rachidi F,Paolone M,et al.Lightning induced disturbances in buried cables—Part I:Theory[J].IEEE Trans Electromagnetic Compatibility,2005,47(3):498-508.
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[4]周星,王川川,朱长青,等.外场辐照下埋地电缆瞬态响应规律研究[J].高压电器,2013(12):7-12.(Zhou Xing,Wang Chuanchuan,Zhu Changqing,et al.Transient induction response law of buried cable excited by external electromagnetic field.High Voltage Apparatus,2013,49(12):7-12)
[5] Xu F,Liu C,Hong W,et al.Fast and accurate transient analysis of buried wires and its applications[J].IEEE Trans Electromagnetic Compatibility,2014,56(1):188-199.
[6]孙蓓云,崔志同,周辉,等.埋地电缆高空电磁脉冲耦合响应[J].现代应用物理,2014,5(4):269-274.(Sun Beiyun,Cui Zhitong,Zhou Hui,et al.Coupling effects of HEMP on buried cables.Modern Applied Physics,2014,5(4):269-274)
[7]刘青,谢彦召.高空电磁脉冲作用下埋地电缆的瞬态响应规律[J].高电压技术,2017,43(9):3014-3020.(Liu Qing,Xie Yanzhao.Transient response law of buried cable to high-altitude electromagnetic pulse.High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(9):3014-3020)
[8] Guo J,Xie Y,Qiu A.Calculation of lightning induced voltages on overhead lines using an analytical fitting representation of electric fields[J].IEEE Trans Electromagnetic Compatibility,2016:1-8.
[9] Liu X,Cui X,Qi L.Calculation of lightning-induced overvoltages on overhead lines based on DEPACT macromodel using circuit simulation software[J].IEEE Trans Electromagnetic Compatibility,2012,54(4):837-849.
[10] Paul C R.Analysis of multiconductor transmission lines[M].NewYork:Wiley,1994.
[11] Du Z,Xie Y Z,Canavero F G.A Spice-compatible macromodel for field coupling to multiconductor transmission lines based on the analog behavioral modeling[J].IEEE Trans Electromagnetic Compatibility,2018:1-7.
[12] Papadopoulos T A,Tsiamitros D A,Papagiannis G K.Impedances and admittances of underground cables for the homogeneous earth case[J].IEEE Trans Power Delivery,2010,25(2):961-969.
[13] Papagiannis G K,Tsiamitros D A,Labridis D P,et al.Direct numerical evaluation of earth return path impedances of underground cables[J].IEE Proceedings-Generation,Transmission and Distribution,2005,152(3):321.
[14]谢彦召,王赞基,王群书,等.高空核爆电磁脉冲波形标准及特征分析[J].强激光与粒子束,2003,15(8):781-787.(Xie Yanzhao,Wang Zanji,Wang Qunshu,et al.High altitude nuclear electromagnetic pulse waveform standards:a review.High Power Laser and Particle Beams,2003,15(8):781-787)
[15] Xie H,Yong L,Qiao H,et al.Empirical formula of effective coupling length for transmission lines illuminated by E1HEMP[J].IEEE Trans Electromagnetic Compatibility,2016,58(2):581-587.
[16] Tesche F M,Ianoz M V,Karlsson T.EMC analysis methods and computational models[M].NewYork:Wiley,1997.
[17] DL/T401-2002,高压电缆选用导则[S].(DL/T401-2002,Guide to the selection of high-voltage cables)
[2] Theethayi N,Thottappillil R,Paolone M,et al.External impedance and admittance of buried horizontal wires for transient studies using transmission line analysis[J].IEEE Trans Dielectrics&Electrical Insulation,2007,14(3):751-761.
[3]王川川,朱长青,周星,等.有限长度埋地多导体电缆对外界电磁场响应特性分析[J].高电压技术,2012,38(11):2836-2842.(Wang Chuanchuan,Zhu Changqing,Zhou Xing,et al.Response analysis on buried multiconductor cable with finite length to external electromagnetic field.High Voltage Engineering,2012,38(11):2836-2842)
[4]周星,王川川,朱长青,等.外场辐照下埋地电缆瞬态响应规律研究[J].高压电器,2013(12):7-12.(Zhou Xing,Wang Chuanchuan,Zhu Changqing,et al.Transient induction response law of buried cable excited by external electromagnetic field.High Voltage Apparatus,2013,49(12):7-12)
[5] Xu F,Liu C,Hong W,et al.Fast and accurate transient analysis of buried wires and its applications[J].IEEE Trans Electromagnetic Compatibility,2014,56(1):188-199.
[6]孙蓓云,崔志同,周辉,等.埋地电缆高空电磁脉冲耦合响应[J].现代应用物理,2014,5(4):269-274.(Sun Beiyun,Cui Zhitong,Zhou Hui,et al.Coupling effects of HEMP on buried cables.Modern Applied Physics,2014,5(4):269-274)
[7]刘青,谢彦召.高空电磁脉冲作用下埋地电缆的瞬态响应规律[J].高电压技术,2017,43(9):3014-3020.(Liu Qing,Xie Yanzhao.Transient response law of buried cable to high-altitude electromagnetic pulse.High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(9):3014-3020)
[8] Guo J,Xie Y,Qiu A.Calculation of lightning induced voltages on overhead lines using an analytical fitting representation of electric fields[J].IEEE Trans Electromagnetic Compatibility,2016:1-8.
[9] Liu X,Cui X,Qi L.Calculation of lightning-induced overvoltages on overhead lines based on DEPACT macromodel using circuit simulation software[J].IEEE Trans Electromagnetic Compatibility,2012,54(4):837-849.
[10] Paul C R.Analysis of multiconductor transmission lines[M].NewYork:Wiley,1994.
[11] Du Z,Xie Y Z,Canavero F G.A Spice-compatible macromodel for field coupling to multiconductor transmission lines based on the analog behavioral modeling[J].IEEE Trans Electromagnetic Compatibility,2018:1-7.
[12] Papadopoulos T A,Tsiamitros D A,Papagiannis G K.Impedances and admittances of underground cables for the homogeneous earth case[J].IEEE Trans Power Delivery,2010,25(2):961-969.
[13] Papagiannis G K,Tsiamitros D A,Labridis D P,et al.Direct numerical evaluation of earth return path impedances of underground cables[J].IEE Proceedings-Generation,Transmission and Distribution,2005,152(3):321.
[14]谢彦召,王赞基,王群书,等.高空核爆电磁脉冲波形标准及特征分析[J].强激光与粒子束,2003,15(8):781-787.(Xie Yanzhao,Wang Zanji,Wang Qunshu,et al.High altitude nuclear electromagnetic pulse waveform standards:a review.High Power Laser and Particle Beams,2003,15(8):781-787)
[15] Xie H,Yong L,Qiao H,et al.Empirical formula of effective coupling length for transmission lines illuminated by E1HEMP[J].IEEE Trans Electromagnetic Compatibility,2016,58(2):581-587.
[16] Tesche F M,Ianoz M V,Karlsson T.EMC analysis methods and computational models[M].NewYork:Wiley,1997.
[17] DL/T401-2002,高压电缆选用导则[S].(DL/T401-2002,Guide to the selection of high-voltage cables)