弹性基础边界基本顶板结构周期破断与全区域反弹时空关系
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摘要
为了提出预警基本顶大面积周期来压灾害的方法,采用理论计算、相似模拟与工程实践相结合的方法研究基本顶板结构周期破断与全区域反弹压缩场的时空关系并得到如下结论:(1)基本顶板结构深入煤体周期破断时,断裂线外围依次产生"Ⅰ级半椭圆反弹区"→"C形压缩区"→"Ⅱ级C形反弹区"→"C形压缩区"。(2)断裂线前侧的Ⅰ级反弹区中部反弹量最大,断裂线端部为压缩区;Ⅱ级反弹区内外边界线的间距基本相等,且反弹量先增大后减小。(3)一次破断形成的反弹压缩区形态与分次破断形成的不同。(4)基本顶的破断程度越大反弹量越大,但基本不改变反弹压缩区的分布形态。Ⅱ级反弹区"包围"整个"悬顶区",所以在邻侧巷道及两巷区可监测基本顶深入煤体周期断裂产生的反弹压缩信息。采用特制高精度位移传感器相似模拟试验和工程实践验证了结论的正确性。形成了预警基本顶大面积周期来压灾害的"1同时、2滞后、2区域、2指标及2控制"的方法体系。
In order to put forward an early warning method of roof cutting disasters with a large area caused by periodic fracturing of the main roof,the time-space relationship between periodic fracture of the plate structure of the main roof and rebound compression field formed by periodic fracturing in whole roof area was studied based on theoretical calculation,similarity simulation and engineering practice. The results show that,when the periodic fracture of the plate structure of the main roof with elastic foundation boundary occurs ahead of the coal wall,four zones including semi-ellipse rebound zone(Ⅰ),C-type compression zone,C-type rebound zone(Ⅱ) and C-type compression zone will be generated in turn on the periphery of the fracture line. The rebound amount in the central region of rebound zone(Ⅰ) in front of the fracture line is the largest,and the compression zone is located at the end region of the fracture line. The distance between the inner and outer boundary lines of the rebound zone(Ⅱ)almost keeps constant,and the rebound amount in rebound zone(Ⅱ) increases firstly and then decreases. The morphology of the rebound compression zone generated by the graded fracturing is obviously different from that generated by the one-off fracturing. The greater the fracture degree of main roof strata is,the larger the rebound amount of the plate structure of the main roof will be. However,the fracture degree of main roof strata has no obvious influence on the distribution form of the rebound compression zone. Due to that the rebound zone(Ⅱ)encircles the entire "hanging roof area",the rebound compression information generated by periodic fracturing of the main roof ahead of the coal wall can be detected in the two roadway regions and adjacent roadway regions.Furthermore,the correctness of the conclusions has been verified by similarity simulation experiment using the special high-precision displacement sensor and engineering practice. An early warning system of roof cutting disasters with a large area caused by periodic fracturing of the main roof,including one synchronization,two delays,two zones,two indexes and two controls,is formed.
In order to put forward an early warning method of roof cutting disasters with a large area caused by periodic fracturing of the main roof,the time-space relationship between periodic fracture of the plate structure of the main roof and rebound compression field formed by periodic fracturing in whole roof area was studied based on theoretical calculation,similarity simulation and engineering practice. The results show that,when the periodic fracture of the plate structure of the main roof with elastic foundation boundary occurs ahead of the coal wall,four zones including semi-ellipse rebound zone(Ⅰ),C-type compression zone,C-type rebound zone(Ⅱ) and C-type compression zone will be generated in turn on the periphery of the fracture line. The rebound amount in the central region of rebound zone(Ⅰ) in front of the fracture line is the largest,and the compression zone is located at the end region of the fracture line. The distance between the inner and outer boundary lines of the rebound zone(Ⅱ)almost keeps constant,and the rebound amount in rebound zone(Ⅱ) increases firstly and then decreases. The morphology of the rebound compression zone generated by the graded fracturing is obviously different from that generated by the one-off fracturing. The greater the fracture degree of main roof strata is,the larger the rebound amount of the plate structure of the main roof will be. However,the fracture degree of main roof strata has no obvious influence on the distribution form of the rebound compression zone. Due to that the rebound zone(Ⅱ)encircles the entire "hanging roof area",the rebound compression information generated by periodic fracturing of the main roof ahead of the coal wall can be detected in the two roadway regions and adjacent roadway regions.Furthermore,the correctness of the conclusions has been verified by similarity simulation experiment using the special high-precision displacement sensor and engineering practice. An early warning system of roof cutting disasters with a large area caused by periodic fracturing of the main roof,including one synchronization,two delays,two zones,two indexes and two controls,is formed.
引文
[1]钱鸣高,石平五,许家林.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2010:93–99,103–106.(QIAN Minggao,SHI Pingwu,XU Jialin. Mining pressure and strata control[M]. Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2010:93–99,103–106.(in Chinese))
[2]何富连,赵计生,姚志昌.采场岩层控制论[M].北京:冶金工业出版,2009:27–33.(HE Fulian,ZHAO Jisheng,YAO Zhichang. The theory of rock stratum control in the stope[M]. Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Publishing,2009:27–33.(in Chinese))
[3]安泽,张江云.煤矿综采工作面顶板灾害预警指标及应用研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2015,43(5):37–41.(ANZe,ZHANGJiangyun.Studyonearlywarningindexofroofdisasterandapplicationto fully-mechanizedcoalminingfaceinundergroundmine[J].Coal Science and Technology,2015,43(5):37–41.(in Chinese))
[4]秦兵文,谢福星.采场顶板灾变机理及预警系统[J].煤矿安全,2018, 49(5):124–127.(QINBingwen, XIEFuxing.Disaster mechanism and early warning system of stope roof[J]. Safety in Coal Mines,2018,49(5):124–127.(in Chinese))
[5]黄庆享,钱鸣高,石平五.浅埋煤层采场老顶周期来压的结构分析[J].煤炭学报,1999,24(6):581–585.(HUANGQingxiang,QIAN Minggao,SHIPingwu.Structuralanalysisofmainroofstability duringperiodicweightinginlongwallface[J].JournalofChinaCoal Society,1999,24(6):581–585.(in Chinese))
[6]史红,姜福兴,汪华君.综放采场周期来压阶段顶板结构稳定性与顶煤放出率的关系[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,24(23):4 233–4 238.(SHI Hong,JIANG Fuxing,WANG Huajun. Study on relationship between roof stability and top coal′s recovery ratio during cyclic weighting in fully-mechanized Sublevel caving face[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,24(23):4 233–4 238.(in Chinese))
[7]王晓振,许家林,朱卫兵,等.浅埋综采面高速推进对周期来压特征的影响[J].中国矿业大学学报,2012,41(3):349–354.(WANG Xiaozhen,XU Jialin,ZHU Weibing,et al. Influence of high mining velocityonperiodicweightingduringfully-mechizedminingina shallowseam[J].JournalofChinaUniversityofMiningand Technology,2012,41(3):349–354.(in Chinese))
[8]王红卫,陈忠辉,杜泽超,等.弹性薄板理论在地下采场顶板变化规律研究中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(增2):3 769–3774.(WANGHongwei,CHENZhonghui,DUZechao,etal.Applicationofelasticthinplatetheorytochangeruleofroofin undergroundstope[J].ChineseJournalofRockMechanicsand Enginering,2006,25(Supp.2):3 769–3 774.(in Chinese))
[9]王金安,张基伟,高小明,等.大倾角厚煤层长壁综放开采基本顶破断模式及演化过程(II)——周期破断[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(8):1 737–1 745.(WANG Jinan,ZHANG Jiwei,GAO Xiaoming,et al.Fracturemodeandevolutionofmainroofstratumabovefully mechanized top coal caving longwall coalface in steeply inclined thick coalseam(II):Periodicfracture[J].JournalofChinaCoalSociety,2015,40(8):1 737–1 745.(in Chinese))
[10]钱鸣高,赵国景.老顶断裂前后的矿山压力变化[J].中国矿业学院学报,1986,(4):14–22.(QIAN Minggao,ZHAO Guojing. The influence ofthefractureofthemainroofonthemininggroundpressure[J].Journal of China Institute of Mining,1986,(4):14–22.(in Chinese))
[11]朱德仁.长壁工作面老顶的破断规律及其应用[博士学位论文][D].徐州:中国矿业大学,1987.(ZHUDeren.Fracturinglawandits applicationofthemainroofoflongwallworkingface[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Xuzhou:ChinaUniversityofMiningandTechnology,1987.(in Chinese))
[12]蒋金泉.老顶周期断裂及顶板来压预报[J].山东矿业学院学报,1989,8(2):1–8.(JIANG Jinquan. The periodic fracture of main roof andtheprediction ofroofweighting[J].JournalofSangdongMining Institute,1989,8(2):1–8.(in Chinese))
[13]刘保国.“反弹”的机理影响因素及其应用[J].山东矿业学院学报,1989,8(4):13–17.(LIUBaoguo.Themechanismandinfluence factoresof“recoil”anditsapplication[J].JournalofShandong Mining Institute,1989,8(4):13–17.(in Chinese))
[14]FU G B,QIAN M G. Application of the roof disturbance to monitoring and predicting the ground pressure[J]. Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,1992,3(1):74–82.
[15]蒋金泉,谭云亮,宋扬.支承压力显现的动态规律与来压预报方法[J].工程地质学报,1994,2(3):72–80.(JIANG Jinquan,TAN Yunliang,SONGYang.Thedynamiclawofabutmentpressure manifestation and the forecasting method of roof weighting[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology,1994,2(3):72–80.(in Chinese))
[16]谭云亮,杨永杰.反弹的机理及工程意义[J].力学与实践,1996,18(2):21–23.(TANYunliang,YANGYongjie.Themechanismof bounce and its engineering significance[J]. Mechanics and Practice,1996,18(2):21–23.(in Chinese))
[17]马庆云,赵晓东,宋振骐.采场老顶岩梁的超前破断与矿山压力[J].煤炭学报,2001,26(5):473–477.(MA Qingyun,ZHAO Xiaodong,SONGZhenqi.Breakofmainroofaheadofworkfaceandground pressure[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2001,26(5):473–477.(in Chinese))
[18]潘岳,顾士坦,杨光林.裂纹发生初始阶段的坚硬顶板内力变化和“反弹”特性分析[J].岩土工程学报,2015,37(5):860–869.(PAN Yue,GUShitan,YANGGuanglin.Variationofinternalforceand reboundpropertyofhardroofatinitialstageofcracking[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2015,37(5):860–869.(in Chinese))
[19]何富连,陈冬冬,谢生荣.弹性基础边界基本顶薄板初次破断的k DL效应[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(6):1 384–1 399.(HE Fulian,CHEN Dongdong,XIE Shengrong. The k DL effect on the first fractureofmainroofwithelasticfoundationboundary[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(6):1 384–1 399.(in Chinese))
[20]谢生荣,陈冬冬,何尚森,等.基本顶弹性基础边界薄板模型分析(II)——周期破断[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(12):3 106–3 115.(XIE Shengrong,CHEN Dongdong,HE Shangsen,et al. Analysis on thin platemodelofmainroofwithelasticfoundationboundary(II):Periodic fracture[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(12):3 106–3 115.(in Chinese))
[21]徐芝纶.弹性力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:48–53.(XU Zhilun. Elastic mechanics[M]. Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006:48–53.(in Chinese))
[22]李荣华.偏微分方程数值解法[M].2版.北京:高等教育出版社,2010:10–60.(LI Ronghua.Numerical solution of partial differential equation[M]. 2nd ed. Beijing:Higher Education Press,2010:10–60.(in Chinese))
[23]艾冬梅,李艳晴,张丽静,等.MATLAB与数学实验[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2016:88–89.(AI Dongmei,LI Yanqing,ZHANG Lijing,etal.Matlabandmathematicalexperiments[M].Beijing:Machinery Industry Press,2016:88–89.(in Chinese))
[2]何富连,赵计生,姚志昌.采场岩层控制论[M].北京:冶金工业出版,2009:27–33.(HE Fulian,ZHAO Jisheng,YAO Zhichang. The theory of rock stratum control in the stope[M]. Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Publishing,2009:27–33.(in Chinese))
[3]安泽,张江云.煤矿综采工作面顶板灾害预警指标及应用研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2015,43(5):37–41.(ANZe,ZHANGJiangyun.Studyonearlywarningindexofroofdisasterandapplicationto fully-mechanizedcoalminingfaceinundergroundmine[J].Coal Science and Technology,2015,43(5):37–41.(in Chinese))
[4]秦兵文,谢福星.采场顶板灾变机理及预警系统[J].煤矿安全,2018, 49(5):124–127.(QINBingwen, XIEFuxing.Disaster mechanism and early warning system of stope roof[J]. Safety in Coal Mines,2018,49(5):124–127.(in Chinese))
[5]黄庆享,钱鸣高,石平五.浅埋煤层采场老顶周期来压的结构分析[J].煤炭学报,1999,24(6):581–585.(HUANGQingxiang,QIAN Minggao,SHIPingwu.Structuralanalysisofmainroofstability duringperiodicweightinginlongwallface[J].JournalofChinaCoal Society,1999,24(6):581–585.(in Chinese))
[6]史红,姜福兴,汪华君.综放采场周期来压阶段顶板结构稳定性与顶煤放出率的关系[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,24(23):4 233–4 238.(SHI Hong,JIANG Fuxing,WANG Huajun. Study on relationship between roof stability and top coal′s recovery ratio during cyclic weighting in fully-mechanized Sublevel caving face[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,24(23):4 233–4 238.(in Chinese))
[7]王晓振,许家林,朱卫兵,等.浅埋综采面高速推进对周期来压特征的影响[J].中国矿业大学学报,2012,41(3):349–354.(WANG Xiaozhen,XU Jialin,ZHU Weibing,et al. Influence of high mining velocityonperiodicweightingduringfully-mechizedminingina shallowseam[J].JournalofChinaUniversityofMiningand Technology,2012,41(3):349–354.(in Chinese))
[8]王红卫,陈忠辉,杜泽超,等.弹性薄板理论在地下采场顶板变化规律研究中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(增2):3 769–3774.(WANGHongwei,CHENZhonghui,DUZechao,etal.Applicationofelasticthinplatetheorytochangeruleofroofin undergroundstope[J].ChineseJournalofRockMechanicsand Enginering,2006,25(Supp.2):3 769–3 774.(in Chinese))
[9]王金安,张基伟,高小明,等.大倾角厚煤层长壁综放开采基本顶破断模式及演化过程(II)——周期破断[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(8):1 737–1 745.(WANG Jinan,ZHANG Jiwei,GAO Xiaoming,et al.Fracturemodeandevolutionofmainroofstratumabovefully mechanized top coal caving longwall coalface in steeply inclined thick coalseam(II):Periodicfracture[J].JournalofChinaCoalSociety,2015,40(8):1 737–1 745.(in Chinese))
[10]钱鸣高,赵国景.老顶断裂前后的矿山压力变化[J].中国矿业学院学报,1986,(4):14–22.(QIAN Minggao,ZHAO Guojing. The influence ofthefractureofthemainroofonthemininggroundpressure[J].Journal of China Institute of Mining,1986,(4):14–22.(in Chinese))
[11]朱德仁.长壁工作面老顶的破断规律及其应用[博士学位论文][D].徐州:中国矿业大学,1987.(ZHUDeren.Fracturinglawandits applicationofthemainroofoflongwallworkingface[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Xuzhou:ChinaUniversityofMiningandTechnology,1987.(in Chinese))
[12]蒋金泉.老顶周期断裂及顶板来压预报[J].山东矿业学院学报,1989,8(2):1–8.(JIANG Jinquan. The periodic fracture of main roof andtheprediction ofroofweighting[J].JournalofSangdongMining Institute,1989,8(2):1–8.(in Chinese))
[13]刘保国.“反弹”的机理影响因素及其应用[J].山东矿业学院学报,1989,8(4):13–17.(LIUBaoguo.Themechanismandinfluence factoresof“recoil”anditsapplication[J].JournalofShandong Mining Institute,1989,8(4):13–17.(in Chinese))
[14]FU G B,QIAN M G. Application of the roof disturbance to monitoring and predicting the ground pressure[J]. Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,1992,3(1):74–82.
[15]蒋金泉,谭云亮,宋扬.支承压力显现的动态规律与来压预报方法[J].工程地质学报,1994,2(3):72–80.(JIANG Jinquan,TAN Yunliang,SONGYang.Thedynamiclawofabutmentpressure manifestation and the forecasting method of roof weighting[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology,1994,2(3):72–80.(in Chinese))
[16]谭云亮,杨永杰.反弹的机理及工程意义[J].力学与实践,1996,18(2):21–23.(TANYunliang,YANGYongjie.Themechanismof bounce and its engineering significance[J]. Mechanics and Practice,1996,18(2):21–23.(in Chinese))
[17]马庆云,赵晓东,宋振骐.采场老顶岩梁的超前破断与矿山压力[J].煤炭学报,2001,26(5):473–477.(MA Qingyun,ZHAO Xiaodong,SONGZhenqi.Breakofmainroofaheadofworkfaceandground pressure[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2001,26(5):473–477.(in Chinese))
[18]潘岳,顾士坦,杨光林.裂纹发生初始阶段的坚硬顶板内力变化和“反弹”特性分析[J].岩土工程学报,2015,37(5):860–869.(PAN Yue,GUShitan,YANGGuanglin.Variationofinternalforceand reboundpropertyofhardroofatinitialstageofcracking[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2015,37(5):860–869.(in Chinese))
[19]何富连,陈冬冬,谢生荣.弹性基础边界基本顶薄板初次破断的k DL效应[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(6):1 384–1 399.(HE Fulian,CHEN Dongdong,XIE Shengrong. The k DL effect on the first fractureofmainroofwithelasticfoundationboundary[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(6):1 384–1 399.(in Chinese))
[20]谢生荣,陈冬冬,何尚森,等.基本顶弹性基础边界薄板模型分析(II)——周期破断[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(12):3 106–3 115.(XIE Shengrong,CHEN Dongdong,HE Shangsen,et al. Analysis on thin platemodelofmainroofwithelasticfoundationboundary(II):Periodic fracture[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(12):3 106–3 115.(in Chinese))
[21]徐芝纶.弹性力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:48–53.(XU Zhilun. Elastic mechanics[M]. Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006:48–53.(in Chinese))
[22]李荣华.偏微分方程数值解法[M].2版.北京:高等教育出版社,2010:10–60.(LI Ronghua.Numerical solution of partial differential equation[M]. 2nd ed. Beijing:Higher Education Press,2010:10–60.(in Chinese))
[23]艾冬梅,李艳晴,张丽静,等.MATLAB与数学实验[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2016:88–89.(AI Dongmei,LI Yanqing,ZHANG Lijing,etal.Matlabandmathematicalexperiments[M].Beijing:Machinery Industry Press,2016:88–89.(in Chinese))