木材湿热软化径向压缩变形特征研究进展
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摘要
压缩变形特征是压缩木研究的重要内容。文中针对木材湿热软化径向压缩变形,从压缩变形的影响因素、压缩变形位置对其力学性能的影响和压缩变形固定3个方面综述国内外研究进展,包括树种、生长轮构造和压缩工艺对木材压缩变形的影响,压缩变形位置对力学性能的影响,以及热处理对压缩变形的影响,指出木材湿热软化径向压缩研究中关于压缩变形需要继续解决的主要问题以及发展方向,以期为湿热软化径向压缩木材的进一步研究和应用提供参考。
Compressive deformation property is an important content of the studies of compression wood. This paper summarized in detail the studies on deformation properties of radial compression wood under hydrothermal condition at home and abroad in terms of influencing factors to the compressive deformation,effects of compressive deformation position on mechanical properties and fixation of compressive deformation. The effects of species,growth ring structure and compression process on the compressive deformation as well as the effects of deformation position on mechanical properties are concluded,and the effects of heat treatment on compressive deformation are analyzed. It points out the main problems found in the research on deformation properties of radial compression wood by hydro-thermal compression and the future research direction. This paper is expected to provide references to the further study and application of radial compression wood technology under hydro-thermal condition.
Compressive deformation property is an important content of the studies of compression wood. This paper summarized in detail the studies on deformation properties of radial compression wood under hydrothermal condition at home and abroad in terms of influencing factors to the compressive deformation,effects of compressive deformation position on mechanical properties and fixation of compressive deformation. The effects of species,growth ring structure and compression process on the compressive deformation as well as the effects of deformation position on mechanical properties are concluded,and the effects of heat treatment on compressive deformation are analyzed. It points out the main problems found in the research on deformation properties of radial compression wood by hydro-thermal compression and the future research direction. This paper is expected to provide references to the further study and application of radial compression wood technology under hydro-thermal condition.
引文
[1]邬飞宇.热压法对樟子松材密实干燥热处理一体化工艺研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2015.
[2]SENFT J A.Juvenile wood:processing and structure products considerations[C]//Proceesings of Symposium on Utilization of the Changing Wood Resource in the Southern United States,North Carolina State University,Raleigh,NC,1984.
[3]INOUE M,NORIMOTO M,OTSUKA Y,et al.Surface compression of coniferous wood lumber:Ⅲ.permanent set of the surface compressed layer by a water solution of low molecular weight phenolic resin[J].Mokuzai Gakkaishi,1991,37(3):234-240.
[4]NAVI P,GIRARDET F.Effects of thermo-hydro-mechanical treatment on the structure and properties of wood[J].Holzforschung,2000,54(3):287-293.
[5]INOUE M,SEKINO N,MOROOKA T,et al.Fixation of compressive deformation in wood by pre-steaming[J].Journal of Tropical Forest Science,2008,20(4):273-281.
[6]INOUE M,NORIMOTO M,OTSUKA Y,et al.Surface compression of coniferous wood lumber:Ⅰ.a new technique to compress the surface layer[J].Mokuzai Gakkaishi,1990,36(11):969-975.
[7]YU Y,FEI B H,WANG H K,et al.Longitudinal mechanical properties of cell wall of masson pine as related to moisture content:a nanoindentation study[J].Holzforschung,2011,65(1):121-126.
[8]OZYHAR T,HERING S,NIEMZ P.Moisture-dependent elastic and strength anisotropy of european beech wood in tension[J].Journal of Material Science,2012,47(16):6141-6150.
[9]JIANG J L,BACHTIAR E V,LU J X,et al.Moisture-dependent orthotropic elasticity and strength properties of chinese fir wood[J].European Journal of Wood and Wood Products,2017,75(6):927-938.
[10]成俊卿.木材学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1985.
[11]YAMAGUCHI K,OTSUBO M,MOTOMURA Y,et al.Deformation characteristics of wood structures under compression[J].Materials Science Forum,2006,505(2):1051-1056.
[12]MLLER U,GINDL W,TEISCHINGER A.Effects of cell anatomy on the plastic and elastic behaviour of different wood species loaded perpendicular to grain[J].IAWA Journal,2003,24(2):117-128.
[13]黄广华,陈瑞英.人工林巨尾桉木材密实化结构[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2012,41(5):497-501.
[14]黄广华,陈瑞英,魏萍.速生杉木密化材绝干密度与空隙率相关性[J].宜春学院学报,2015,37(3):7-11.
[15]XUE B,HU Y C.Analysis of the microstructure and mechanical properties of laminated veneer lumber[J].Bioresources,2013,8(2):2681-2695.
[16]KENNEDY R W.Wood in transverse compression[J].Forest Products Journal,1968,18(3):36-40.
[17]TABARSA T.Characterizing microscopic behavior of wood under transverse compression:partⅡ.effect of species and loading direction[J].Wood and Fiber Science,2001,33(2):223-232.
[18]DOGU D,TIRAK K,CANDAN Z,et al.Anatomical investigation of thermally compressed wood panels[J].Bioresources,2010,5(4):2640-2663.
[19]GUO J,SONG K L,SALMN L,et al.Changes of wood cell walls in response to hygro-mechanical steam treatment[J].Carbohydrate Polymers,2015,115:207-214.
[20]RAUTKARI L,LAFLIN N,HUGHES M.Surface modification of scots pine:the effect of process parameters on the through thickness density profile[J].Journal of Materials Science,2011,46(14):4780-4786.
[21]WOLCOTT M P,KAMKE F A,DILLARD D A.Fundamentals of flakeboard manufacture:viscoelastic behavior of the wood component[J].Wood and Fiber Science,1990,22(4):345-361.
[22]边明明,殷亚方,宋坤霖,等.不同压缩加载速度对杉木微观结构和力学性能影响[J].建筑材料学报,2012,15(4):575-580.
[23]MIKI T,SUGIMOTO H,KANAYAMA K.Deformation behavior of natural wood having hierarchical structure under a compression state[C].Hierarchical Materials and Composites,Boston,Massachusetts,USA,2010.
[24]李军.浅析实木弯曲的弯曲机理及影响因素[J].林业科技开发,1998(6):16-19.
[25]李坚.木材科学研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
[26]FURUTA Y,NAKAJIMA M,NAKANII E,et al.The effects of lignin and hemicellulose on thermal-softening properties of water-swollen wood[J].Mokuzai Gakkaishi,2010,56(3):132-138.
[27]WANG J Y,COOPER P A.Vertical density profiles in thermally compressed balsam fir wood[J].Forest Products Journal,2005,55(5):65-68.
[28]HUANG R F,WANG Y W,ZHAO Y K,et al.Sandwich compression of wood by hygro-thermal control[J].Mokuzai Gakkaishi,2012,58(2):84-89.
[29]NORIMOTO M.Large compressive deformation in wood[J].Mokuzai Gakkaishi,1993,39(8):867-874.
[30]李坚.木材科学[M].3版.北京:科学出版社,2014.
[31]KITAMORI A,JUNG K,MORI T,et al.Mechanical properties of compressed wood in accordance with the compression ratio[J].Mokuzai Gakkaishi,2010,56(2):67-78.
[32]涂登云,杜超,周桥芳,等.表层压缩技术在杨木实木地板生产中的应用[J].木材工业,2012,27(4):46-48.
[33]GAO Z Q,HUANG R F,LU J X,et al.Sandwich compression of wood:control of creating density gradient on lumber thickness and properties of compressed wood[J].Wood Science and Technology,2016,50(4):833-844.
[34]LAINE K,RAUTKARI L,HUGHES M.The effect of process parameters on the hardness of surface densified Scots pine solid wood[J].European Journal of Wood and Wood Products,2013,71(1):13-16.
[35]WELZBACHER C R,WEHSENER J,RSPP A O,et al.Thermomechanical densification combined with thermal modification of norway spruce in industrial scale-dimensional stability and durability aspects[J].Holz Roh Werkst,2008,66(1):39-49.
[36]HIGASHIHARA T,MOROOKA T,NORIMOTO M.Permanent fixation of transversely compressed wood by steaming and its mechanism[J].Mokuzai Gakkaishi,2000,46(4):291-297.
[37]NAVI P,HEGER F.Combined densification and thermo-hydro-mechanical processing of wood[J].MRS Bulletin,2004,29(5):332-336.
[38]CAI J B,DING T,YANG L.Dimensional stability of poplar wood after densification combined with heat treatment[C].Mechanical Engineering and Materials,Dalian,Liaoning,China,2012.
[39]FANG C H,MARIOTTI N,CLOUTIER A,et al.Densification of wood veneers by compression combined with heat and steam[J].European Journal of Wood and Wood Products,2012,70(1/2/3):155-163.
[40]刘一星,赵广杰.木质资源材料学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2004.
[41]王晓旭.高温热处理条件对速生材炭化木性能的影响[D].北京:北京林业大学,2007.
[42]刘君良,李坚,刘一星.高温水蒸汽处理固定大青杨木材横纹压缩变形的研究[J].林业科学,2003,39(1):126-131.
[43]AKGUEL M,GUMUE KAYA E,KORKUT S.Crystalline structure of heat-treated scots pine and uludaˇg fir wood[J].Wood Science and Technology,2007,41(3):281-289.
[44]MTR B,HIRAI N,SOBUE N.Changes of crystallinity in wood cellulose by heat treatment under dried and moist condition[J].Journal of Wood Science,2000,46(3):431-436.
[45]贺宏奎,常建民.三倍体毛白杨木材压缩密实化研究[J].木材加工机械,2006,17(3):24-27.
[46]HEGER F,GROUX M,GIRARDET F,et al.Mechanical and durability performance of THM densified wood[C]//Proceedings of the Final Workshop COST Action E22 Environmental Optimisation of Wood Protection,Lisbon,Portugal,2004.
[47]LI T,CAI J B,ZHOU D G.Optimization of the combined modification process of thermo-mechanical densification and heat treatment on chinese fir wood[J].Bioresources,2013,8(4):5279-5288.
[48]LAINE K,RAUTKARI L,HUGHES M,et al.Reducing the setrecovery of surface densified solid scots pine wood by hydrothermal post-treatment[J].European Journal of Wood and Wood Products,2013,71(1):17-23.
[2]SENFT J A.Juvenile wood:processing and structure products considerations[C]//Proceesings of Symposium on Utilization of the Changing Wood Resource in the Southern United States,North Carolina State University,Raleigh,NC,1984.
[3]INOUE M,NORIMOTO M,OTSUKA Y,et al.Surface compression of coniferous wood lumber:Ⅲ.permanent set of the surface compressed layer by a water solution of low molecular weight phenolic resin[J].Mokuzai Gakkaishi,1991,37(3):234-240.
[4]NAVI P,GIRARDET F.Effects of thermo-hydro-mechanical treatment on the structure and properties of wood[J].Holzforschung,2000,54(3):287-293.
[5]INOUE M,SEKINO N,MOROOKA T,et al.Fixation of compressive deformation in wood by pre-steaming[J].Journal of Tropical Forest Science,2008,20(4):273-281.
[6]INOUE M,NORIMOTO M,OTSUKA Y,et al.Surface compression of coniferous wood lumber:Ⅰ.a new technique to compress the surface layer[J].Mokuzai Gakkaishi,1990,36(11):969-975.
[7]YU Y,FEI B H,WANG H K,et al.Longitudinal mechanical properties of cell wall of masson pine as related to moisture content:a nanoindentation study[J].Holzforschung,2011,65(1):121-126.
[8]OZYHAR T,HERING S,NIEMZ P.Moisture-dependent elastic and strength anisotropy of european beech wood in tension[J].Journal of Material Science,2012,47(16):6141-6150.
[9]JIANG J L,BACHTIAR E V,LU J X,et al.Moisture-dependent orthotropic elasticity and strength properties of chinese fir wood[J].European Journal of Wood and Wood Products,2017,75(6):927-938.
[10]成俊卿.木材学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1985.
[11]YAMAGUCHI K,OTSUBO M,MOTOMURA Y,et al.Deformation characteristics of wood structures under compression[J].Materials Science Forum,2006,505(2):1051-1056.
[12]MLLER U,GINDL W,TEISCHINGER A.Effects of cell anatomy on the plastic and elastic behaviour of different wood species loaded perpendicular to grain[J].IAWA Journal,2003,24(2):117-128.
[13]黄广华,陈瑞英.人工林巨尾桉木材密实化结构[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2012,41(5):497-501.
[14]黄广华,陈瑞英,魏萍.速生杉木密化材绝干密度与空隙率相关性[J].宜春学院学报,2015,37(3):7-11.
[15]XUE B,HU Y C.Analysis of the microstructure and mechanical properties of laminated veneer lumber[J].Bioresources,2013,8(2):2681-2695.
[16]KENNEDY R W.Wood in transverse compression[J].Forest Products Journal,1968,18(3):36-40.
[17]TABARSA T.Characterizing microscopic behavior of wood under transverse compression:partⅡ.effect of species and loading direction[J].Wood and Fiber Science,2001,33(2):223-232.
[18]DOGU D,TIRAK K,CANDAN Z,et al.Anatomical investigation of thermally compressed wood panels[J].Bioresources,2010,5(4):2640-2663.
[19]GUO J,SONG K L,SALMN L,et al.Changes of wood cell walls in response to hygro-mechanical steam treatment[J].Carbohydrate Polymers,2015,115:207-214.
[20]RAUTKARI L,LAFLIN N,HUGHES M.Surface modification of scots pine:the effect of process parameters on the through thickness density profile[J].Journal of Materials Science,2011,46(14):4780-4786.
[21]WOLCOTT M P,KAMKE F A,DILLARD D A.Fundamentals of flakeboard manufacture:viscoelastic behavior of the wood component[J].Wood and Fiber Science,1990,22(4):345-361.
[22]边明明,殷亚方,宋坤霖,等.不同压缩加载速度对杉木微观结构和力学性能影响[J].建筑材料学报,2012,15(4):575-580.
[23]MIKI T,SUGIMOTO H,KANAYAMA K.Deformation behavior of natural wood having hierarchical structure under a compression state[C].Hierarchical Materials and Composites,Boston,Massachusetts,USA,2010.
[24]李军.浅析实木弯曲的弯曲机理及影响因素[J].林业科技开发,1998(6):16-19.
[25]李坚.木材科学研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
[26]FURUTA Y,NAKAJIMA M,NAKANII E,et al.The effects of lignin and hemicellulose on thermal-softening properties of water-swollen wood[J].Mokuzai Gakkaishi,2010,56(3):132-138.
[27]WANG J Y,COOPER P A.Vertical density profiles in thermally compressed balsam fir wood[J].Forest Products Journal,2005,55(5):65-68.
[28]HUANG R F,WANG Y W,ZHAO Y K,et al.Sandwich compression of wood by hygro-thermal control[J].Mokuzai Gakkaishi,2012,58(2):84-89.
[29]NORIMOTO M.Large compressive deformation in wood[J].Mokuzai Gakkaishi,1993,39(8):867-874.
[30]李坚.木材科学[M].3版.北京:科学出版社,2014.
[31]KITAMORI A,JUNG K,MORI T,et al.Mechanical properties of compressed wood in accordance with the compression ratio[J].Mokuzai Gakkaishi,2010,56(2):67-78.
[32]涂登云,杜超,周桥芳,等.表层压缩技术在杨木实木地板生产中的应用[J].木材工业,2012,27(4):46-48.
[33]GAO Z Q,HUANG R F,LU J X,et al.Sandwich compression of wood:control of creating density gradient on lumber thickness and properties of compressed wood[J].Wood Science and Technology,2016,50(4):833-844.
[34]LAINE K,RAUTKARI L,HUGHES M.The effect of process parameters on the hardness of surface densified Scots pine solid wood[J].European Journal of Wood and Wood Products,2013,71(1):13-16.
[35]WELZBACHER C R,WEHSENER J,RSPP A O,et al.Thermomechanical densification combined with thermal modification of norway spruce in industrial scale-dimensional stability and durability aspects[J].Holz Roh Werkst,2008,66(1):39-49.
[36]HIGASHIHARA T,MOROOKA T,NORIMOTO M.Permanent fixation of transversely compressed wood by steaming and its mechanism[J].Mokuzai Gakkaishi,2000,46(4):291-297.
[37]NAVI P,HEGER F.Combined densification and thermo-hydro-mechanical processing of wood[J].MRS Bulletin,2004,29(5):332-336.
[38]CAI J B,DING T,YANG L.Dimensional stability of poplar wood after densification combined with heat treatment[C].Mechanical Engineering and Materials,Dalian,Liaoning,China,2012.
[39]FANG C H,MARIOTTI N,CLOUTIER A,et al.Densification of wood veneers by compression combined with heat and steam[J].European Journal of Wood and Wood Products,2012,70(1/2/3):155-163.
[40]刘一星,赵广杰.木质资源材料学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2004.
[41]王晓旭.高温热处理条件对速生材炭化木性能的影响[D].北京:北京林业大学,2007.
[42]刘君良,李坚,刘一星.高温水蒸汽处理固定大青杨木材横纹压缩变形的研究[J].林业科学,2003,39(1):126-131.
[43]AKGUEL M,GUMUE KAYA E,KORKUT S.Crystalline structure of heat-treated scots pine and uludaˇg fir wood[J].Wood Science and Technology,2007,41(3):281-289.
[44]MTR B,HIRAI N,SOBUE N.Changes of crystallinity in wood cellulose by heat treatment under dried and moist condition[J].Journal of Wood Science,2000,46(3):431-436.
[45]贺宏奎,常建民.三倍体毛白杨木材压缩密实化研究[J].木材加工机械,2006,17(3):24-27.
[46]HEGER F,GROUX M,GIRARDET F,et al.Mechanical and durability performance of THM densified wood[C]//Proceedings of the Final Workshop COST Action E22 Environmental Optimisation of Wood Protection,Lisbon,Portugal,2004.
[47]LI T,CAI J B,ZHOU D G.Optimization of the combined modification process of thermo-mechanical densification and heat treatment on chinese fir wood[J].Bioresources,2013,8(4):5279-5288.
[48]LAINE K,RAUTKARI L,HUGHES M,et al.Reducing the setrecovery of surface densified solid scots pine wood by hydrothermal post-treatment[J].European Journal of Wood and Wood Products,2013,71(1):17-23.