基于矩形流道流场分析及气动实验的轴流风机结构参数优化设计
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摘要
本文通过提取导流罩的轴向长度及叶顶间隙两个设计参数,构建了矩形流道内轴流风机的流场结构及仿真模型,进行了数值模拟和实验分析。结合仿真模型分析了矩形风道下轴流风机内部和出口流场特性的变化规律,构建了风机设计参数与气动性能之间的映射关系模型。通过风机气动性能实验可得:风机出口静压、体积流量和效率与间隙因子成反比,而与长度因子成正比,对比模拟值和实验值验证了模型的正确性。基于量化映射关系模型得到风机设计参数间隙因子和长度因子的最优值分别为0.8%和12.5%,为风机设计和冰箱风道优化提供量化参考。
In this study, a flow structural model in a rectangular channel with an axial flow fan is established and analyzed through numerical simulation and experiments to get the influence of two design parameters, i. e., axial length of the deflector and tip clearance, on the performance of axial flow fan. The mapping relationship between the design parameters and internal and outlet flow characteristics of the rectangular channel with an axial flow fan is also presented based on the simulation model. The experimental data revealed that the outlet static pressure, volume flow rate, and efficiency of the fan were inversely proportional to the clearance factor and directly proportional to the length factor. The comparison between the simulation results and experimental data validated the simulation model. Based on the mapping relationship, the optimal clearance factor and length factor of the fan design parameter factor were 0. 8% and 12. 5%, respectively, which could guide the design and optimization of a refrigerator duct structure.
In this study, a flow structural model in a rectangular channel with an axial flow fan is established and analyzed through numerical simulation and experiments to get the influence of two design parameters, i. e., axial length of the deflector and tip clearance, on the performance of axial flow fan. The mapping relationship between the design parameters and internal and outlet flow characteristics of the rectangular channel with an axial flow fan is also presented based on the simulation model. The experimental data revealed that the outlet static pressure, volume flow rate, and efficiency of the fan were inversely proportional to the clearance factor and directly proportional to the length factor. The comparison between the simulation results and experimental data validated the simulation model. Based on the mapping relationship, the optimal clearance factor and length factor of the fan design parameter factor were 0. 8% and 12. 5%, respectively, which could guide the design and optimization of a refrigerator duct structure.
引文
[1] 杨立军,杜小泽,杨勇平,等. 直接空冷系统轴流风机群运行特性分析[J]. 中国电机工程学报,2009, 29(20):1-5. (YANG Lijun, DU Xiaoze, YANG Yongping, et al. Analysis of the operation characteristics of the axial flow fan group in the direct air cooling system[J]. Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2009, 29(20):1-5. )
[2] 王正,刘志峰,白连社,等. 导流罩对冰箱冷凝风机噪声的影响[J]. 机械工程学报,2014,50(12):151-156. (WANG Zheng, LIU Zhifeng, BAI Lianshe, et al. The influence of the guide cover on the noise of the refrigerator condensing fan[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2014, 50(12):151-156. )
[3] 王正,刘志峰,白连社,等. 冷凝风机导流罩对冰箱性能的影响[J]. 制冷学报,2014,35(6):114-118. (WANG Zheng, LIU Zhifeng, BAI Lianshe, et al. The influence of the guide hood of the condensing fan on the performance of the refrigerator[J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2014, 35(6):114-118. )
[4] 金光远,吴亚东,欧阳华,等. 小流量下周向弯曲叶片叶顶泄漏流动的PIV研究[J]. 实验流体力学,2010,24(5):1-6. (JIN Guangyuan, WU Yadong, OUYANG Hua, et al. PIV study on the leaking flow of a small flow at the top of a curved blade at next week[J]. Experimental Fluid Mechanics, 2010, 24(5):1-6. )
[5] 游斌,谢军龙,杨九铭,等. 前缘弯掠斜流转子叶顶间隙流动特性数值分析[J]. 工程热物理学报,2005, 26(增刊1): 49-52. (YOU Bin, XIE Junlong, YANG Jiuming, et al. Numerical analysis of the flow characteristics of the blade tip clearance of a forward swept and sloping rotor[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2005, 26(Suppl. 1):49-52. )
[6] REN G, HEO S, KIM T H, et al. Response surface method-based optimization of the shroud of an axial cooling fan for high performance and low noise[J]. Journal of Mechanical Science & Technology, 2013, 27(1):33-42.
[7] HU X, WEN S, GAO Y, et al. Experimental study on the effect of the shroud on the performance and flow field of an automotive cooling fan[J]. Journal of Automobile Engineering, 2011, 225(5):627-642.
[8] MA Jian, YANG Wang, GAO Lang, et al. Flow field analysis and optimization design of fan cover for the duct system of the split air conditioner′s outdoor unit[J]. Applied Mechanics & Materials, 2014, 483:489-496.
[9] WADIA A R, SZUCS P N. Inner workings of shrouded and unshrouded transonic fan blades[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2008, 130(3):399-412.
[10] WU Chengjun, LIU Jiang, PAN Jie. Influence of surrounding structures upon the aerodynamic and acoustic performance of the outdoor unit of a split air-conditioner[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2014, 27(4):836-845.
[11] NEAL D R, FOSS J F. The application of an aerodynamic shroud for axial ventilation fans[J]. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 2015, 129(6):764-772.
[12] 李春曦,李新颖,叶学民. 叶片切割对轴流风机性能影响的数值研究[J]. 机械工程学报,2014,50(10):183-190. (LI Chunxi, LI Xinying, YE Xuemin. Numerical study on the effect of blade cutting on the performance of axial flow fan[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2014, 50(10):183-190. )
[13] YANG Xinglin, WU Chanhui, WEN Huabing, et al. Numerical simulation and experimental research on the aerodynamic performance of large marine axial flow fan with a perforated blade[J]. Journal of Low Frequency Noise Vibration and Active Control, 2017,37(3):410-421.
[14] HUANG Haihong, WANG Zheng, LIU Zhifeng. Investigation of aerodynamic performance of small axial flow fan coupled with deflecting ring[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 2015, 231(10):203-210.
[15] 王军,姚瑞锋,刘静,等. 低压轴流风机叶间隙对叶尖涡及外部性能的影响研究[J]. 流体机械,2011,39(9):26-30. (WANG Jun, YAO Ruifeng, LIU Jing, et al. Study on the effect of the blade gap of low pressure axial fan on tip vortex and external performance[J]. Fluid Machinery, 2011, 39(9):26-30. )
[16] 竺晓程,林万来,杜朝辉. 轴流通风机叶顶区域流动的实验研究[J]. 上海交通大学学报,2005,39(2):177-181. (ZHU Xiaocheng, LIN Wanlai, DU Zhaohui. Experimental study on axial fan flow at the tip region[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University, 2005, 39(2):177-181. )
[17] 芮宏斌,魏朗,刘凯. 发动机冷却风扇叶顶间隙泄漏量计算公式的构造[J]. 长安大学学报,2015,35(3):130-135. (RUI Hongbin, WEI Lang, LIU Kai. The construction of the calculation formula for the leakage of the blade tip clearance of an engine cooling fan[J]. Journal of Chang′an University, 2015, 35(3):130-135. )
[18] 工业通风机用标准化风道进行性能试验:GB/T 1236—2000[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2002. (Performance test of industrial ventilator with standardized duct: GB/T 1236—2000[S]. Beijing: China Standard Press, 2002. )
[19] 刘红蕊. 对旋式轴流风机优化设计及变转速匹配性能研究[D]. 北京:中国科学院研究生院 (工程热物理研究所), 2011. (LIU Hongrui. Research on optimization design and variable speed matching performance of counter-rotating axial flow fan[D]. Beijing: Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Engineering Thermophysics Institute), 2011. )
[20] 刘红蕊, 耿少娟, 方杭安, 等. 对旋式轴流风机变转速匹配性能研究[J]. 机械设计与制造, 2012(3):116-118. (LIU Hongrui, GENG Shaojuan, FANG Hangan, et al. Study on variable speed matching performance of counter-rotating axial flow fan[J]. Mechanical Design and Manufacturing, 2013(3):116-118. )
[2] 王正,刘志峰,白连社,等. 导流罩对冰箱冷凝风机噪声的影响[J]. 机械工程学报,2014,50(12):151-156. (WANG Zheng, LIU Zhifeng, BAI Lianshe, et al. The influence of the guide cover on the noise of the refrigerator condensing fan[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2014, 50(12):151-156. )
[3] 王正,刘志峰,白连社,等. 冷凝风机导流罩对冰箱性能的影响[J]. 制冷学报,2014,35(6):114-118. (WANG Zheng, LIU Zhifeng, BAI Lianshe, et al. The influence of the guide hood of the condensing fan on the performance of the refrigerator[J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2014, 35(6):114-118. )
[4] 金光远,吴亚东,欧阳华,等. 小流量下周向弯曲叶片叶顶泄漏流动的PIV研究[J]. 实验流体力学,2010,24(5):1-6. (JIN Guangyuan, WU Yadong, OUYANG Hua, et al. PIV study on the leaking flow of a small flow at the top of a curved blade at next week[J]. Experimental Fluid Mechanics, 2010, 24(5):1-6. )
[5] 游斌,谢军龙,杨九铭,等. 前缘弯掠斜流转子叶顶间隙流动特性数值分析[J]. 工程热物理学报,2005, 26(增刊1): 49-52. (YOU Bin, XIE Junlong, YANG Jiuming, et al. Numerical analysis of the flow characteristics of the blade tip clearance of a forward swept and sloping rotor[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2005, 26(Suppl. 1):49-52. )
[6] REN G, HEO S, KIM T H, et al. Response surface method-based optimization of the shroud of an axial cooling fan for high performance and low noise[J]. Journal of Mechanical Science & Technology, 2013, 27(1):33-42.
[7] HU X, WEN S, GAO Y, et al. Experimental study on the effect of the shroud on the performance and flow field of an automotive cooling fan[J]. Journal of Automobile Engineering, 2011, 225(5):627-642.
[8] MA Jian, YANG Wang, GAO Lang, et al. Flow field analysis and optimization design of fan cover for the duct system of the split air conditioner′s outdoor unit[J]. Applied Mechanics & Materials, 2014, 483:489-496.
[9] WADIA A R, SZUCS P N. Inner workings of shrouded and unshrouded transonic fan blades[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2008, 130(3):399-412.
[10] WU Chengjun, LIU Jiang, PAN Jie. Influence of surrounding structures upon the aerodynamic and acoustic performance of the outdoor unit of a split air-conditioner[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2014, 27(4):836-845.
[11] NEAL D R, FOSS J F. The application of an aerodynamic shroud for axial ventilation fans[J]. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 2015, 129(6):764-772.
[12] 李春曦,李新颖,叶学民. 叶片切割对轴流风机性能影响的数值研究[J]. 机械工程学报,2014,50(10):183-190. (LI Chunxi, LI Xinying, YE Xuemin. Numerical study on the effect of blade cutting on the performance of axial flow fan[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2014, 50(10):183-190. )
[13] YANG Xinglin, WU Chanhui, WEN Huabing, et al. Numerical simulation and experimental research on the aerodynamic performance of large marine axial flow fan with a perforated blade[J]. Journal of Low Frequency Noise Vibration and Active Control, 2017,37(3):410-421.
[14] HUANG Haihong, WANG Zheng, LIU Zhifeng. Investigation of aerodynamic performance of small axial flow fan coupled with deflecting ring[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 2015, 231(10):203-210.
[15] 王军,姚瑞锋,刘静,等. 低压轴流风机叶间隙对叶尖涡及外部性能的影响研究[J]. 流体机械,2011,39(9):26-30. (WANG Jun, YAO Ruifeng, LIU Jing, et al. Study on the effect of the blade gap of low pressure axial fan on tip vortex and external performance[J]. Fluid Machinery, 2011, 39(9):26-30. )
[16] 竺晓程,林万来,杜朝辉. 轴流通风机叶顶区域流动的实验研究[J]. 上海交通大学学报,2005,39(2):177-181. (ZHU Xiaocheng, LIN Wanlai, DU Zhaohui. Experimental study on axial fan flow at the tip region[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University, 2005, 39(2):177-181. )
[17] 芮宏斌,魏朗,刘凯. 发动机冷却风扇叶顶间隙泄漏量计算公式的构造[J]. 长安大学学报,2015,35(3):130-135. (RUI Hongbin, WEI Lang, LIU Kai. The construction of the calculation formula for the leakage of the blade tip clearance of an engine cooling fan[J]. Journal of Chang′an University, 2015, 35(3):130-135. )
[18] 工业通风机用标准化风道进行性能试验:GB/T 1236—2000[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2002. (Performance test of industrial ventilator with standardized duct: GB/T 1236—2000[S]. Beijing: China Standard Press, 2002. )
[19] 刘红蕊. 对旋式轴流风机优化设计及变转速匹配性能研究[D]. 北京:中国科学院研究生院 (工程热物理研究所), 2011. (LIU Hongrui. Research on optimization design and variable speed matching performance of counter-rotating axial flow fan[D]. Beijing: Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Engineering Thermophysics Institute), 2011. )
[20] 刘红蕊, 耿少娟, 方杭安, 等. 对旋式轴流风机变转速匹配性能研究[J]. 机械设计与制造, 2012(3):116-118. (LIU Hongrui, GENG Shaojuan, FANG Hangan, et al. Study on variable speed matching performance of counter-rotating axial flow fan[J]. Mechanical Design and Manufacturing, 2013(3):116-118. )