娄彻氏链霉菌发酵改善水稻秸秆加工性能的研究
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摘要
【目的】应用正交试验,研究了娄彻氏链霉菌发酵对水稻秸秆加工性能的影响。【方法】在30℃、含水率为65%的条件下,探究了发酵时间、接种量、碳氮比3因素对水稻秸秆质量损失率,纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的降解率,以及最大压应力和黏度(加工性能)的影响,并利用SPSS 19.0软件分析了降解条件与水稻秸秆理化性能的相关性。【结果】娄彻氏链霉菌发酵条件对水稻秸秆的降解性与加工性能的影响顺序为:发酵时间>碳氮比>接种量;通过相关性分析可得,发酵时间与纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的降解率以及质量损失率极显著正相关,与秸秆的最大压应力和黏度显著负相关。发酵的最优条件为:碳氮比为25,接种量为0.8%,发酵时间为20 d。此时水稻秸秆的最大压应力为5.62 MPa,较原秸秆降低了10.74%;黏度为415.8 m Pa"s,较原秸秆提高了29.7%;平衡扭矩则降低了18.2%。微观结构(SEM)显示发酵后水稻秸秆表面粗糙、凹凸不平,内部结构发生了变化。【结论】娄彻氏链霉菌发酵改变了水稻秸秆的物理化学结构,改善了水稻秸秆的加工性能。
【Objective】An orthogonal experiment was conducted to explore the impact of Streptomyces rochei on the processing performance of rice straw.【Method】The effects of three factors(fermentation time,inoculum amount and the ratio of carbon to nitrogen) on the degradation and processing performance of rice straw were analyzed under fermentation conditions of 30 °C and 65% moisture content.The degradation rates of cellulose,hemicellulose,lignin,maximum compressive stress and viscosity were investigated,and the relationship between the degradation conditions and the physical and chemical properties of rice straw were analyzed by SPSS 19.0 software.【Result】The influence of factors on mass loss rate,degradation rates of cellulose,hemicellulose,lignin,the maximum compressive stress and viscosity of rice straw was found in the order of fermentation time > carbon and nitrogen ratio > inoculation amount.The correlation analysis showed that fermentation time had a significantly positive correlation with the degradation rate of cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin,and the mass loss rate was negatively correlated with the maximum compressive stress and viscosity of rice straw.The optimal conditions for Streptomyces rochei fermentation of rice straw were:fermentation time was 20 days;carbon to nitrogen ratio was 25; inoculation amount was 0.8%.The physical and chemical properties of the rice straw under the optimal fermentation conditions were:maximum compressive stress 5.62 MPa,which was 10.74% lower than that of the untreated materials; viscosity 415.8 m Pa "s,which represented an increase of 29.7% from the untreated rice straw; and the balance of torque decreased 18.2%.Scanning electron microscopy showed that after fermentation,the surface of rice straw was more rough and uneven,and the internal structure of rice straw had changed.【Conclusion】The physical and chemical structure of rice straw was improved by Streptomyces rochei fermentation,consequently,the processing performance of rice straw would be enhanced.
【Objective】An orthogonal experiment was conducted to explore the impact of Streptomyces rochei on the processing performance of rice straw.【Method】The effects of three factors(fermentation time,inoculum amount and the ratio of carbon to nitrogen) on the degradation and processing performance of rice straw were analyzed under fermentation conditions of 30 °C and 65% moisture content.The degradation rates of cellulose,hemicellulose,lignin,maximum compressive stress and viscosity were investigated,and the relationship between the degradation conditions and the physical and chemical properties of rice straw were analyzed by SPSS 19.0 software.【Result】The influence of factors on mass loss rate,degradation rates of cellulose,hemicellulose,lignin,the maximum compressive stress and viscosity of rice straw was found in the order of fermentation time > carbon and nitrogen ratio > inoculation amount.The correlation analysis showed that fermentation time had a significantly positive correlation with the degradation rate of cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin,and the mass loss rate was negatively correlated with the maximum compressive stress and viscosity of rice straw.The optimal conditions for Streptomyces rochei fermentation of rice straw were:fermentation time was 20 days;carbon to nitrogen ratio was 25; inoculation amount was 0.8%.The physical and chemical properties of the rice straw under the optimal fermentation conditions were:maximum compressive stress 5.62 MPa,which was 10.74% lower than that of the untreated materials; viscosity 415.8 m Pa "s,which represented an increase of 29.7% from the untreated rice straw; and the balance of torque decreased 18.2%.Scanning electron microscopy showed that after fermentation,the surface of rice straw was more rough and uneven,and the internal structure of rice straw had changed.【Conclusion】The physical and chemical structure of rice straw was improved by Streptomyces rochei fermentation,consequently,the processing performance of rice straw would be enhanced.
引文
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[7]杨雪慧,汤丽娟,章蓉,等.农作物秸秆表面改性处理的研究进展[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2013,37(3):157-162.DOI:10.3969/j.jssn.1000-2006.2013.03.028.YANG X H,TANG L J,ZHANG R,et al.Review on progress of crop straws surface modification[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2013,37(3):157-162.
[8]郭康权,赵东.植物秸秆模压成型流变特性的试验研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),1995(3):11-15.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1671-9387.1995.03.001.GUO K Q,ZHAO D.An experimental study on the rheological properties of the corn stalk in the mold press process[J].Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University(Natural Science),1995(3):11-15.
[9]杨明韶,张永,李旭英.粗纤维物料压缩过程的一般流变规律的探讨[J].农业工程学报,2002,18(1):135-137.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1002-6819.2002.01.036.YANG M S,ZHANG Y,LI X Y.Rheological law of the crop stem fibrous material during compression process[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2002,18(1):135-137.
[10]REHKUGLER G E.The Biomechanics of forage wafering[J].Transactions of the Asae,1969,12.DOI:10.13031/2013.38747.
[11]AMIR S,HAFIDI M,MERLINA G,et al.Elemental analysis,FTIR and13C-NMR of humic acids from sewage sludge composting[J].Agronomie,2004,24(1):13-18.DOI:10.1051/agro:2003054.
[12]YANG B,BOUSSAID A,MANSFIELD S D,et al.Fast and efficient alkaline peroxide treatment to enhance the enzymatic digestibility of steam-exploded softwood substrates[J].Biotechnology&Bioengineering,2002,77(6):678-684.DOI:10.1002/bit.10159.
[13]CIANNAMEA E M,STEFANI P M,RUSECKAITE R A.Medium-density particleboards from modified rice husks and soybean protein concentrate-based adhesives[J].Bioresource Technology,2010,101:818-825.DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2009.08.084.
[14]ICHAZO M N.Polypropylene/wood flour composites:treatments and properties[J].Composite Structure,2001,54(2-3):207-214.DOI:10.1016/S0263-8223(01)00089-7.
[15]阮明俊,冯年捷,翟华敏.KPS-CAN-Na HSO3接枝稻草丙烯酸吸水材料的合成[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2013,37(5):129-133.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2013.05.025.RUAN M J,FENG N J,ZHAI H M.Synthesis of superabsorbent material by grafting copolymerization of rice straw with acrylic acid using KPS-CAN-Na HSO3as the complex initiator[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2013,37(5):129-133.
[16]MA F,NA Y,XU C,et al.Combination of biological pretreatment with mild acid pretreatment for enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanol production from water hyacinth[J].Bioresource Technology,2010,101(24):9600-9604.DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2010.07.084
[17]杨世关,肖婷,李继红.秸秆厌氧发酵改性制备成型燃料试验[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(17):182-187.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.17.024.YANG S G,XIAO T,LI J H.Densified biomass fuels production from crop straw pretreated by anaerobic fermentation[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transaction of the CSAE),2013,29(17):182-187.
[18]武国峰,黄红英,孙恩惠,等.堆肥处理对秸秆纤维加工性能的影响[J].化工新型材料,2016(1):225-227.WU G F,HUANG H Y,SUN E H,et al.Influence of composting treatment on the processing performance of straw fiber[J].New Chemical Materials,2016(1):225-227.
[19]MEDEIROS E S D,AGNELLI J A M,JOSEPH K,et al.Mechanical properties of phenolic composites reinforced with jute/cotton hybrid fabrics[J].Polymer Composites,2004,26(1):1-11.DOI:10.1002/pc.20063.
[20]钱玉婷.秸秆常温降解菌的筛选及其生长特性研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2009:41-47.QIAN Y T.Screening and characteristics of straw degrading microorganisms under a constant temperature[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2009:41-47.
[21]王佳佳,奚永兰,常志州,等.麦秸不同部位生物降解速率差异[J].农业资源与环境学报,2015,32(1):74-80.DOI:10.13254/j.jare.2014.0324.WANG J J,XI Y L,CHANG Z Z,et al.The difference of biodegradation rates in the different parts of wheat straw[J].Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment,2015,32(1):74-80.
[22]陈鹏,林鹿,徐丽丽,等.蔗渣与麦草半纤维素的分离[J].造纸科学与技术,2006,25(2):4-8.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-4571.2006.02.002.CHEN P,LIN L,XU L L,et al.Separation of hem cellulose from bagasse and wheat straw[J].Paper Science&Technology,2006,25(2):4-8.
[23]闫翠珍,武国峰,王效华,等.稻秸高密度压缩过程中应力松弛的试验研究[J].农机化研究,2015(11):181-187.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-188X.2015.11.041.YAN C Z,WU G F,WANG X H,et al.The study of rice straws'stress-relaxation in high density compression[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2015(11):181-187.
[24]徐秉业.塑性理论简明教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1981:19-22.DOI:10.1016/S0021-8634(86)80055-5.XU B Y.Plastic theory concise guide[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,1981:19-22.
[25]FABORODE M O,O CALLAGHAN J R.Theoretical analysis of the compression of fibrous agricultural materials[J].Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research,1986,35(35):175-191.
[26]胡建国.玉米秸秆悬浮液流变性能及其对螺带搅拌桨混合特性的影响[D].上海:华东理工大学,2010:16-19.HU J G.Rheological properties of corn stover slurries and their influence on mixing performance of helical ribbon impeller[J].Shanghai:East China Unversity of Technology,2010:16-19.
[2]王洁瑛,赵广杰.空气介质中热处理杉木压缩木材的蠕变[J].北京林业大学学报,2002,24(2):52-58.DOI:10.13332/j.1000-1522.2001.01.015.WANG J Y,ZHAO G J.Creep of compressed wood of Chinese fir heat treated in air[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2002,24(2):52-58.
[3]HALVARSSON S,EDLUND H,NORGREN M.Properties of medium-density fibreboard(MDF)based on wheat straw and melamine modified urea formaldehyde(UMF)resin[J].Industrial Crops&Products,2008,28(1):37-46.DOI:10.1016/j.indcrop.2008.01.005.
[4]黄红英,孙恩惠,武国峰,等.麦秸秸秆花盆堆肥化研究及评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(12):2386-2393.DOI:10.11654/jaes.2015.12.019.HUANG H Y,SUN E H,WU G F,et al.Composting of wheat straw flowerpots and its evaluation[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2015,34(12):2386-2393.
[5]孙恩惠,黄红英,武国峰,等.稻壳/大豆蛋白基黏合剂成型育苗钵性能评价及成因分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2015(6):1202-1209.DOI:10.11654/jaes.2015.06.026.SUN E H,HUANG H Y,WU G F,et al.Performance evaluation and analysis of nursery containers made from rice husk/soybean protein adhesives[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2015(6):1202-1209.
[6]SATYANARAYANA K G,ARIZAGA G G C,WYPYCH F.Biodegradable composites based on lignocellulosic fibers-an overview[J].Progress in Polymer Science,2009,34(9):982-1021.DOI:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2008.12.002.
[7]杨雪慧,汤丽娟,章蓉,等.农作物秸秆表面改性处理的研究进展[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2013,37(3):157-162.DOI:10.3969/j.jssn.1000-2006.2013.03.028.YANG X H,TANG L J,ZHANG R,et al.Review on progress of crop straws surface modification[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2013,37(3):157-162.
[8]郭康权,赵东.植物秸秆模压成型流变特性的试验研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),1995(3):11-15.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1671-9387.1995.03.001.GUO K Q,ZHAO D.An experimental study on the rheological properties of the corn stalk in the mold press process[J].Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University(Natural Science),1995(3):11-15.
[9]杨明韶,张永,李旭英.粗纤维物料压缩过程的一般流变规律的探讨[J].农业工程学报,2002,18(1):135-137.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1002-6819.2002.01.036.YANG M S,ZHANG Y,LI X Y.Rheological law of the crop stem fibrous material during compression process[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2002,18(1):135-137.
[10]REHKUGLER G E.The Biomechanics of forage wafering[J].Transactions of the Asae,1969,12.DOI:10.13031/2013.38747.
[11]AMIR S,HAFIDI M,MERLINA G,et al.Elemental analysis,FTIR and13C-NMR of humic acids from sewage sludge composting[J].Agronomie,2004,24(1):13-18.DOI:10.1051/agro:2003054.
[12]YANG B,BOUSSAID A,MANSFIELD S D,et al.Fast and efficient alkaline peroxide treatment to enhance the enzymatic digestibility of steam-exploded softwood substrates[J].Biotechnology&Bioengineering,2002,77(6):678-684.DOI:10.1002/bit.10159.
[13]CIANNAMEA E M,STEFANI P M,RUSECKAITE R A.Medium-density particleboards from modified rice husks and soybean protein concentrate-based adhesives[J].Bioresource Technology,2010,101:818-825.DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2009.08.084.
[14]ICHAZO M N.Polypropylene/wood flour composites:treatments and properties[J].Composite Structure,2001,54(2-3):207-214.DOI:10.1016/S0263-8223(01)00089-7.
[15]阮明俊,冯年捷,翟华敏.KPS-CAN-Na HSO3接枝稻草丙烯酸吸水材料的合成[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2013,37(5):129-133.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2013.05.025.RUAN M J,FENG N J,ZHAI H M.Synthesis of superabsorbent material by grafting copolymerization of rice straw with acrylic acid using KPS-CAN-Na HSO3as the complex initiator[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2013,37(5):129-133.
[16]MA F,NA Y,XU C,et al.Combination of biological pretreatment with mild acid pretreatment for enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanol production from water hyacinth[J].Bioresource Technology,2010,101(24):9600-9604.DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2010.07.084
[17]杨世关,肖婷,李继红.秸秆厌氧发酵改性制备成型燃料试验[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(17):182-187.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.17.024.YANG S G,XIAO T,LI J H.Densified biomass fuels production from crop straw pretreated by anaerobic fermentation[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transaction of the CSAE),2013,29(17):182-187.
[18]武国峰,黄红英,孙恩惠,等.堆肥处理对秸秆纤维加工性能的影响[J].化工新型材料,2016(1):225-227.WU G F,HUANG H Y,SUN E H,et al.Influence of composting treatment on the processing performance of straw fiber[J].New Chemical Materials,2016(1):225-227.
[19]MEDEIROS E S D,AGNELLI J A M,JOSEPH K,et al.Mechanical properties of phenolic composites reinforced with jute/cotton hybrid fabrics[J].Polymer Composites,2004,26(1):1-11.DOI:10.1002/pc.20063.
[20]钱玉婷.秸秆常温降解菌的筛选及其生长特性研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2009:41-47.QIAN Y T.Screening and characteristics of straw degrading microorganisms under a constant temperature[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2009:41-47.
[21]王佳佳,奚永兰,常志州,等.麦秸不同部位生物降解速率差异[J].农业资源与环境学报,2015,32(1):74-80.DOI:10.13254/j.jare.2014.0324.WANG J J,XI Y L,CHANG Z Z,et al.The difference of biodegradation rates in the different parts of wheat straw[J].Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment,2015,32(1):74-80.
[22]陈鹏,林鹿,徐丽丽,等.蔗渣与麦草半纤维素的分离[J].造纸科学与技术,2006,25(2):4-8.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-4571.2006.02.002.CHEN P,LIN L,XU L L,et al.Separation of hem cellulose from bagasse and wheat straw[J].Paper Science&Technology,2006,25(2):4-8.
[23]闫翠珍,武国峰,王效华,等.稻秸高密度压缩过程中应力松弛的试验研究[J].农机化研究,2015(11):181-187.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-188X.2015.11.041.YAN C Z,WU G F,WANG X H,et al.The study of rice straws'stress-relaxation in high density compression[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2015(11):181-187.
[24]徐秉业.塑性理论简明教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1981:19-22.DOI:10.1016/S0021-8634(86)80055-5.XU B Y.Plastic theory concise guide[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,1981:19-22.
[25]FABORODE M O,O CALLAGHAN J R.Theoretical analysis of the compression of fibrous agricultural materials[J].Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research,1986,35(35):175-191.
[26]胡建国.玉米秸秆悬浮液流变性能及其对螺带搅拌桨混合特性的影响[D].上海:华东理工大学,2010:16-19.HU J G.Rheological properties of corn stover slurries and their influence on mixing performance of helical ribbon impeller[J].Shanghai:East China Unversity of Technology,2010:16-19.